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HomeMy WebLinkAboutMINUTES - 04032001 - C.64 Q - i — •'Da °�• -��'� �� TO: BOARD OF SUPERVISORS t°�; :Contra(� FROM: FISH AND WILDLIFE COMMITTEE Costa County DATE: April 3, 2001 SUBJECT: APPROPRIATION OF FUNDS FROM THE FISH AND WILDLIFE PROPAGATION FUND TO SUPPORT PROJECTS THAT BENEFIT FISH AND WILDLIFE SPECIFIC REQUEST(S) OR RECOMMENDATION(S) & BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION RECOMMENDATIONS ACCEPT recommendations of the Fish and Wildlife Committee regarding the awarding of grants from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund; DIRECT the Auditor/Controller to release a total of $5,960 from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund to the following organizations to support projects benefiting the fish and wildlife resources of the County:Wild Bird Discoveries($3,640)and Lindsay Wildlife Museum ($2,320). FINANCIAL IMPACT No impact to the general fund. A portion of the fines collected from violations of fish and game regulations in the County is deposited in the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund, which has a current balance of approximately$50,000. State law defines how money in this fund may be spent, but the Board of Supervisors is responsible for authorizing specific expenditures.The two projects recommended to receive funding are consistent with the expenditure criteria established by State Law. REASON FOR RECOMMENDATION/BACKGROUND Since 1996, the Fish and Wildlife Committee ("FWC") has implemented a structured process for reviewing funding requests. The intent of this structured review process was to replace case-by- case decision-making (such as occurred previously and such as is the norm with Fish and Wildlife Committees in other counties)with a grant process that enables comparative and efficient review of applications. iT.6 41,e- -FLX-) CONTINUED ON ATTACHMENT: X YES SIGNATURE: t rett Morris Chair, Fish &Wildlife Committee w-liECOMMENDATION OF COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR RECOMMENDATION OF BOARD COMMITTEE ✓APPROVE OTHER SIGNATURES : ACTION OF BOR�ONAPril 32001 3 . 2001 APPROVED AS RECOMMENDED XX OTHER VOTE OF SUPERVISORS XX UNANIMOUS (ABSENT - - - - - I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS IS A TRUE AND AYES: NOES: CORRECT COPY OF AN ACTION TAKEN AND ABSENT: ABSTAIN: ENTERED ON THE MINUTES OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS ON THE DATE SHOWN. Contact: John Kopchik (925)335-1227 ATTESTED April 3 , 2001 cc: Community Development Department JURN SWEETEN, CLERK OF THE County Administrator's Office BOARD OF SUPERVISORS AND Clerk of the Board, Maddy Book COUNT'(ADMINISTRATOR Auditor-Controller BY: , DEPUTY SAConservation\Kae\Fish\Board Order for 4-03-01 re FWC.doc r Appropriation from Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund April 3, 2001 Page 2of2 The FWC developed a grant application packet(attached)which included a cover letter to explain the grant process and funding priorities, an application to solicit relevant information about the project, and a copy of the expenditure criteria established by California law for the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund. In October of 2000, application packets were sent to the Fish and Wildlife Committee mailing lists and to anyone who requested one.The Contra Costa Times printed a small article on the availability of funding for fish and wildlife projects.A total of seven funding applications were received during the application period which ended December 31,2000.The Fish and Wildlife Committee discussed the funding applications at its January and February 2001 meetings. On January 17, 2001 and February 21, 2001, the Fish and Wildlife Committee approved the following recommendations to the Board of Supervisors regarding applications for funding from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund (each was voted on independently—the results of these votes are listed for each recommendation): 1) Require three general commitments from all projects receiving funding from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund: a) return funds if the project is not performed; b) provide documentation and/or accounting for how funds were spent; and c)provide a brief summary report on the progress or results of the project by December 31, 2001. 2) Appropriate $3640 to Native Bird Connections for the Wild Bird Discoveries project (check payable to: Diana Granados, PMB156-6680 Alhambra Avenue, Martinez, CA 94553-6105, attn: Wild Bird Discoveries project). The project would promote substantial environmental education opportunities for children at low cost(40 programs). [6 ayes/0 no] 3) Appropriate $2320 to The Lindsay Wildlife Museum for the Pre-Conditioning Aviaries for Rehabilitating California Native Birds Project (make check payable to: Lindsay Wildlife Museum, 1931 First Avenue, Walnut Creek, CA 94596, attn: Pre-Conditioning Aviaries Project).The application was clear and well written and the project would make efficient use of money by building needed rehabilitation facilities at a fraction of the cost of pre-constructed units. [5 ayes/0 no/1 abstention] The Fish and Wildlife Committee did not recommend funding for the following five applications (a brief explanation is included for each): • Los Medanos College Nature Preserve, Los Medanos College (project was funded last yearand the $requested for labor was high despite the fact that this project could potentially utilize help from student volunteers). [0 ayes/6 no] • Health Gardening Workshops for Landscape Workers, Life Garden (the $requested for funding seemed targeted to a planning phase of the project, not the actual producing phase). [0 ayes/6 no] • Mulholland Ridge Open Space Re-vegetation Project, Town of Moraga (proposal lacked necessary detail and did not address the multi-year work necessary for weed control). [0 ayes/6 no] • Baxter Creek Action Project, Estuary Action Challenge/Earth Island Institute(the$requested for labor was nearly the whole project and the FWC prefers to augment the work of existing non- profits, not fund staff costs). [0 ayes/ 5 no/ 1 abstention] • Carquinez Regional Environmental Education Center("CREEC") (the application was turned in after the 12131100 deadline and was judged not to meet the FWC's criteria for considering applications outside the normal review process (attached). The FWC intends to hold this application for the 2001-2002 grant cycle, and invite the applicant to update if desired/). [0 ayes/ Eno] ATTACHMENTS: • Cover letter for funding application packets distributed by the Fish and Wildlife Committee • Criteria established by state law for expenditures from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund • Cover sheets for the seven funding applications received by the Fish and Wildlife Committee • FWC criteria for reviewing funding applications outside the normal review cycle Community Contra Dennis M. Barry, AICP Community Development Director Development Costa Department County County Administration Building 651 Pine Street 4th Floor, North Win Martinez,California 94553-0095 t :, Phone:(925) 335-1227 °sra coun� DATE: October 2, 2000 TO: Persons&groups interested in the fish and wildlife resources of Contra Costa County FROM: Contra Costa County Fish and Wildlife Committee RE: Requests for funding from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund The Contra Costa County Fish and Wildlife Committee is pleased to announce the availability of funds from the Contra Costa County Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund. The Fish and Wildlife Committee requests the submission of completed Funding Applications(attached)by December 31, 2000. Recommendations of the Fish and Wildlife Committee will be forwarded to the Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors, which maintains final decision-making authority for expenditures from the Fund. Successful applicants may anticipate receiving funding awards by the summer of 2001. The Contra Costa County Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund is entirely supported by fine revenues which result from violations of the Fish and Game Code and Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations in Contra Costa County. Expenditures made from the Fund must benefit the fish and wildlife resources of the County. Projects awarded.funds from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund must meet the requirements of Section 13103 of the Fish and Game Code (attached), which describes the types of projects that may be eligible. Though all projects which meet the requirements of Section 13103 will be considered, the Fish and Wildlife Committee strongly encourages applications relating to (in order of preference): 1) improvement of fish and wildlife habitat, 2) public education about fish and wildlife conservation, 3) scientific fish and wildlife research, 4) predator control actions, and 5) other activities to protect and conserve fish and wildlife. The Fish and Wildlife Committee anticipates recommending a total expenditure of up to $20,000 from the Fund during the 2000-2001 grant cycle. The Committee expects to recommend awards to several applicants,however it is possible that a particularly excellent proposal will be recommended to receive a large portion of the total available funds. The Fish and Wildlife Committee appreciates your interest in this opportunity to improve the fish and wildlife resources in Contra Costa County. Should you have any questions about the Fish and Wildlife Committee or this funding program, please contact John Kopchik at the Community Development Department at the above address or call (925) 335-1227. D:Volin mainT&Wgrantappcovcr.doc Office Hours Monday- Friday: 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Office is closed the 1 st, 3rd & 5th Fridays of each month Contra Costa County Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund FUNDING APPLICATION Project title: Organization/individual applying: Address: v Telephone: Fax: Name and title of contact person: One sentence summary of proposal: Requested grant: $ Proposal prepared by (name & title): Signature: Date: In addition to this application form, please submit the.following on a separate page(s): 1) Description of the project for which funding is requested. Please include an explanation of- • how this project will benefit the fish and wildlife of Contra Costa County • how this project meets the requirements of Section 13103 of the Fish & Game Code (attached) which defines the eligibility requirements for projects requesting funding from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund 2) Project schedule 3) Project budget 4) Annual budget for the applying organization 5) Statement describing the applying organization, listing the Board of Directors and officers of the organization, and listing all affiliated organizations 6) Statement describing the qualifications of the sponsoring organization and participating individuals for completing the project 7) List of individuals responsible for performing project and of individuals responsible for overseeing project 8) Statement describing the status of permit approvals necessary to perform project(if applicable) Contra Costa County Fish&Wildlife Comrnittee, c%John Kopchik, 651 Pine Street, North Wing, Fourth Floor, . Martinez, CA 94553 SEC. 2. Section 13103. of the.Fish and Game•bode is amended to read: 13103. Expenditures from the fish and wildlife propagation fund of any county may be made only 'for the following purposes:. (a) Public education relating to the scientific principles of fish and wildlife conservation, consisting of. supervised formal instruction carried out pursuant to a planned.curriculum and aids to educawon such as literature, audio and video recordings, ' ' ' training models;'and-nature-study facilities: (b) Temporary emergency-treatinent•ana careof injured or orphaned wildlife: (c) Temporary treatment and care .of wildlife confiscated by the department as evi- dence. (d) Breeding, raising,'purchasing, or releasing fish or wildlife which are to be released upon approval of the department pursuant to Sections 6400 -and 6401 onto land or into waters of local statei.or federal agencies or onto land or nit waters open to the public. . (e1. Improvement.of,fish and wildlife:habitat,Including, but not limited to construction f fish.screens,..Rteirs;:and,ladders; ;draiigage or;-other:watershed improvements; gravel and rock removal or placement; construction of irrigation and water:distnbution:systems; earthwork' ' grading; .fencing; planting, trees and.other yegetation_management; .and �rei�ioval_of barriers-to the nugration d and wildlife.--* ` ;(f).. Construction, maintenance, and operation of public hatchery facilities g)�Parchase , ';; .and" maintain. mater�aLs,.��upphes,, or equipment fox .either *the department's ownerships-use or the department's use.in the norma_ 1 performance of }the department's responsibbitaes. : . �.;,,(h) 'Prpidator.control actiops.for the benefit of. iA or.wildlife following certification in I iting by,he.departinent that.the proposed actions wl significantly benefit a particular �.Qdlife.� ci s.. :. . . _ 1.7 Sciebtic'fish and wildlife research'conducted by institutions of higher learningt qualified researchers, or governmental agencies, if approved by thedepartment. )(=(D.'Reasonable:administrative costs -excluding -the costs of audits required bX Section 13104, for. :secretarial service, trove , and. postage. by the county fish and wildlife commission when authorized by the county board of supervisors. --For purposes of this i subdivision,."reasonable cost -means an amount which does.:not exceed'3 percent;of the average• amount received by the fund during the previous three-year period, or three thousand dollars ($3,000) annually t whichever is greater, excluding any fun7-s carried over from a previous fiscal.year. (k) Contributions toa secret witness program for the purpose of facilitating enforce- "Ment o -this-code and regu atio� ns'adop pursuant to this code. (l) Costs incurred by the district attorney or city attorney in investigating and prosecut- ing civil and criminal actions for violations of this code, as approved by the department. (m) Other expenditures, approved by the department, for the purpose of protecting, conserving, propagating, and preserving fish and wildlife. Contra Costa County Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund ., FUNDING APPLICATION •I U f i; ?;2 7 Project title: Organization/individual applying: Ce,rG a; ,e o Telephone: Address: ?b -5\ C r u c4JC& CAN Q1 -1�� Fax: SG.rt-X— Name and title of contact person: And r�- �>a,j'G a� as-`4,-\ U 0 ,- One rOne sentence summary of proposal: \ Y e-a 141, Requested grant: $ 3 (�D Proposal prepared by (name &title): Signature: Date: \ 31 In addition to this application form, please submit the following on a separate page(s): 1) Description of the project for which funding is requested. Please include an explanation of: • how this project will benefit the fish and wildlife of Contra Costa County • how this project meets the requirements of Section 13103 of the Fish & Game Code (attached) which defines the eligibility requirements for projects requesting funding from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund 2) Project schedule 3) Project budget 4) Annual budget for the applying organization 5) Statement describing the applying organization, listing the Board of Directors and officers of the organization, and listing all affiliated organizations 6) Statement describing the qualifications of the sponsoring organization and participating individuals for completing the project 7) List of individuals responsible for performing project and of individuals responsible for overseeing proj ect 8) Statement describing the status of permit approvals necessary to perform project(if applicable) Contra Costa County Fish&Wildlife Committee, c%John Kopchik, 651 Pine Street, North Wing, Fourth Floor, Martinez, CA 94553 Contra Costa County x f Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund a; FUNDING APPLICATION Project title: Pre-release conditioning aviaries for rehabilitating California native birds Organization applying: Lindsay Wildlife Museum 1931 First Ave. Walnut Creek, CA 94596 925-935-1978 925-935-8015 Name and title of contact person: Susan Heckly, Wildlife Rehabilitation Director Summary of proposal: The grant money would be used for materials to construct aviaries to house rehabilitating California native wild birds for final conditioning before being released back into he wild. Requested grant-. $2320. Proposal prepared by: Susan Heckly, Wildlife Rehabilitation Director Signature A-162��� G 13=2-72pCO Contra Costa County Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund FUNDING APPLICATION Project Title: Baxter Creek Action Project Organization applying: Estuary Action Challenge/Earth Island Institute Address: 1771 Alcatraz Avenue Berkeley, CA 94703 (51.0) 985-1602 (phone) (510)985-1641 (fax) Name and title of contact person: Mandi Billinge,Executive Director One sentence summary of proposal: Estuary Action Challenge will work with elementary school students from Stege school, in the Richmond flat lands,to clean up and restore the section of Baxter Creek that flows through Booker T. Anderson Park, in collaboration with Urban Creeks Council. Requested Grant: $5,000 Proposal prepared by: Mandi Billinge,Executive Director Signature: Date: 12/11/00 Please find attached: • proposal narrative, including • description of project • project schedule •. project budget • description of Estuary Action Challenge • qualifications of Estuary Action Challenge • list of individuals responsible for project • statement re. status of permits • organizational budgets • board contact information �Z y Contra Costa County Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund SO DEC,? FUNDING APPLICATION P43- 21 Project Title: Mulholland Ridge Open 5pace Re-vegetation Project ' Organization: Town of Moraga P.O. Box 188, Moraga CA 94556 Contact: Karen L. Stein, Town Manager Summary: Removal of invasive non-native'vegetation and replanting with native species on 250 acres of Mulholland Ridge, newly acquired Town owned open space Request Amt. $7,500 Prepared by: D. Gail DeLalla, M.A. Committee member and biologist and Karen L. Stein, Moraga Town Manager Signatures/date: �,� ���5�•2000 Description of project: The site consists of annual grassland, oak woodland, bay forest and an, intermittent stream. Limited ponding may occur in wet winters. This project will benefit the fish and wildlife of Contra Costa County by removing invasive non-native species such as Cynara cardunculus(cardoon), and Centaurea calcitrapa(purple star thistle). On the moister lower slopes, Quercus lobata(valley oak) will be planted, and on the drier upper slopes a mixture of Artemesia californica(California sagebrush), Heteromeles arbutifolia(toyon), Mimulus aurantiacus(sticky monkey flower) and lupins albrifrons(silver bush lupine) will be planted. The soil binding roots of these native species will help prevent siltation in the downslope stream, thus enhancing habitat for amphibians and fish. Flowering of these natives will attract native pollinators such as Anna's and Allen's hummingbirds, and Common Checkerspot butterflies among others. Contra Costa County Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund FUNDING APPLICATION Project title: Wild Bird Discoveries Organization/ individual applying: Native Bird Connections Address:PMB156 6680 Alhambra Ave. Telephone: 925.947- 7044 Martinez, CA 94553-6105 Fax: 925.284.5013 Name and title of contact person: Diana Granados, Executive Director One sentence summary of proposal: A program partnership, innovative and creative, that provides respectful connections for young people with the wild birds and natural communites around them. Requested grant: $ 4000.00 Diana Granados, Executive Director Proposal prepared by(name & title): Nancy Tatum, Education Specialist (advised) Signature: _ Date: In addition to this application form, please submit the following on a separate page(s): 1) Description of the project for which funding is requested. Please include an explanation of: • how this project will benefit the .fish and wildlife of Contra Costa County • how this project meets the requirements of Section 13103 of the Fish & Game Code (attached) which defines the eligibility requirements for projects requesting funding from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund 2) Project schedule 3) Project budget 4) Annual budget for the applying organization 5) Statement describing the applying organization, listing the Board of Directors and officers of the organization, and listing all affiliated organizations G) Statement describing the qualifications of the sponsoring organization and participating individuals for completing the project 7) List Of individualS responsible for performing project and Of individuals responsible for overseeing project S) Statement describing the status of pel-nlit approvals necessary to perform project(if applicable) Contra Costa County I ish &Wildlife Committee, c/o Bolin Kopchik, 65 1 I'ine Street. North Wu)p. Fourth 1=1001',. 1-1. tini i, CA 9.1'i i Contra Costa County Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund Cid ^•`^ FUNDING APPLICATION �� - Project title: ti 6cv-kef, Organization/individual applying: Fe G-a N eh Address: '$(D O C_T_ — Telephone: 3c)Lf Crezl/- IC Fax: (52,5> 9-3C6 (0 10 Name and title of contact person: -7-yf ev- Syr orTOI-1- 04 e-(PS Co— To✓K de.vr One sentence summary of proposal: ; {-;�( ,a 1 Z1 N„;4J� d ✓P(,�p L12.4 s cG 14Q-4 i,ref (!S 0 0 S �r ��� 5 c.n ne i.J��•y s Requested grant: $ S 000 Proposal prepared by(na e&title): ���r�v�M- L1Q( S ( 0 - Fv%hJer C - ( 2 2 I D Signature: Date: ( f In addition to this application form, please submit the following on a separate page(s): 1) Description of the project for which funding is requested. Please include an explanation of: • how this project will benefit the fish and wildlife of Contra Costa County • how this project meets the requirements of Section 13103 of the Fish & Game Code (attached)which defines the eligibility requirements for projects requesting funding from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund 2) Project schedule 3) Project budget 4) Annual budget for the applying organization 5) Statement describing the applying organization, listing the Board of Directors and officers of the . organization, and listing all affiliated organizations 6) Statement describing the qualifications of the sponsoring organization and participating individuals for completing the project 7) List of individuals responsible for performing project and of individuals responsible for overseeing project 8) Statement describing the status of permit approvals necessary to perform project(if applicable) Contra Costa County Fish&Wildlife Committee, c/o John Kopchik, 651 Pine Street, North Wing, Fourth Floor, Martinez, CA 94553 Contra Costa County Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund FUNDING APPLICATION Project title: �o,j / edkitdS CO Ile e- AV-.AO-c. 6-e rc✓ve Organization/individual applying: Chr;f f; e {� o e A, ,8"o/ef .rnJ�i'rc�'br� Gos/LfeWe,,er r//, Address: .2-70D 4.e /ax_d TSO. Telephone: "f aS) V-?f— Z/8/. ex-l- 30*76 f f/f6✓.-� , eh. fys-I'S Fax: If z 59 fFa - !Sf' Name and title of contact person: fir;J ti e Mfg&,4W F5 A oq y �,✓fi-vc rbr One sentence summary of proposal_?,'�,,.6 lGe e„ rke LoJ defe eA ift v,.r Will orb✓-de e14✓ir,.9k hAj:t..i -Dr J,,-dr 46r-r a...44 v f/ep �v�r/Dl��G �� t�►c Dl��fi n� nT n�C7i✓t o/�tnf1 44,1!f �� 07��ci Cn 1j�(h/C fKG�v�' Requested grant., $ 3, 6 D b Proposal prepared by(name &title): (��r;J f; e /�-ic c/. •,. ,e,'i /o/�y 1r,J"'eve--A v Signature: Date: ,v{«,...,,1d,- /y, Loe In addition to this application form, please submit the following on a separate page(s): 1) Description of the project for which funding is requested. Please include an explanation of: • how this project will benefit the fish and wildlife of Contra Costa County • how this project meets the requirements of Section 13103 of the Fish & Game Code (attached)which defines the eligibility requirements for projects requesting funding from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund 2) Proj ect.schedule 3) Project budget 4) Annual budget for the applying organization 5) Statement describing the applying organization, listing the Board of Directors and officers of the organization, and listing all affiliated organizations 6) Statement describing the qualifications of the sponsoring organization and participating individuals for completing the project 7) List of individuals responsible for performing project and of individuals responsible for overseeing project 8) Statement describing the status of permit approvals necessary to perform project(if applicable) Contra Costa County Fish &Wildlife Committee, c/o John Kopchik, 651 Pine Street, North Wing, Fourth Floor, Martinez, CA 94553 Appropriation from Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund October 27, 1998 Page 2 of 2 The Board approved these recommendations on May 18, 1998. However, to avoid unnecessary inflexibility in the grant process while maintaining the basic competitive review structure, on May 21, 1997 the FWC approved the following criteria for reviewing grant requests outside the normal grant review cycle: The majority of projects will be reviewed simultaneously once per year. Projects can be reviewed individually, outside the annual review cycle if: • the project is a FWC-initiated project • delaying review of the project until the annual review cycle would cause substantial harm to the fish and wildlife resources of the County • the project cannot be performed at all unless funding is received from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund sooner than would be possible under the annual review cycle \ • the project has substantial matching funds which will expire unless funding is I received from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund sooner than would be possible under the annual review cycle On September 16, 1998, the Fish and Wildlife Committee reviewed a funding request submitted by the Golden West Women Flyfisher Foundation for $1400 to purchase equipment to sustain steelhead eggs rescued from unsuitable waters. Historically, steelhead lived and spawned in many creeks in the County, but migration barriers and disturbance of natural channels now force steelhead to lay eggs in inhospitable sections of these creeks where successful reproduction is extremely unlikely. The Golden West organization proposed to rescue such eggs, store them in one of two newly acquired chiller units, place these units in the care of two middle school classrooms, and release the juvenile.fish back to County creeks. The FWC unanimously found that the project met the criteria for consideration outside the normal review schedule because if review were delayed until January 1, no opportunity would exist to provide funds in time to rescue steelhead during the 98/99 rainy season. The FWC unanimously approved the following recommendations to the Board of Supervisors regarding this grant application: 1) Appropriate $1400 to the Golden West Women Flyfisher Foundation to support the steelhead rescue project (check payable to: Golden West Women Flyfisher Foundation, 3949 Edenvale Place, Oakland, CA 94553, attn: Annette M. Thompson). 2) Require that the Golden West Women Flyfisher Foundation release all rescued fish within Contra Costa County and that the two chiller units be maintained in separate classrooms in Contra Costa County 3) Require the following three general commitments from the applicant which have been required in the past of other grant recipients: a) return funds if the project is not performed; b) provide documentation and/or accounting for how funds were spent; and c) provide an annual or summary report on the progress or results of the project. ATTACHMENTS: • Criteria established by state law for expenditures from the Fish and Wildlife Propagation Fund • Grant application from Golden West Women Flyfisher Foundation j:\\j kopc\f&wbo$.o98