HomeMy WebLinkAboutMINUTES - 06131995 - D2 TO: 4 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS 1 .0.-2
Contra
INTERNAL OPERATIONS COMMITTEE - �►~'` Costa
FROM: ;
A.�=-� � �•-� ..�¢
June 5, 1995 Count-�_� Y
DATE:
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION OF AN ANTI-DRUG LOITERING ORDINANCE
SPECIFIC REQUEST(S)OR RECOMMENDATION(S)&BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1 . INTRODUCE, WAIVE READING and FIX Tuesday, August 1, 1995 at
10 : 00 A.M. as the time to consider adoption of an Ordinance
which would permit law enforcement officers in the
unincorporated areas of the County to stop and question
individuals who are loitering and who appear to be selling
drugs .
2.. AUTHORIZE the .Human Relations Commission to conduct public
meetings in areas of the County most likely to be impacted by
the proposed Ordinance in order to seek public input on the
Ordinance and DIRECT the Human Relations Commission to report
to the Board of Supervisors on August 1, 1995 at 10:00 A.M. on
their findings and recommendations regarding the adoption of
the Ordinance.
3 . DIRECT the Human Relations Commission to notify all
. , individuals who attend the Commission' s public meetings on
this subject that they are encouraged to attend the Board of
Supervisors ' . meeting on August 1, 1995. at 10 : 00 A.M. and
provide their testimony regarding the ,Ordinance directly to
the Board of Supervisors, in addition to whatever testimony
they also wish to provide to the Human Relations Commission.
CONTINUED ON ATTACHMENT: YES SIGNATURE:
RECOMMENDATION OF COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR RECOMMENDATION OF BOARD COMMITTEE
APPROVE OTHER
SIGNATURE(S):
ACTION OF BOARD ON June 13,: 1995 APPROVED AS RECOMMENDED OTHER
VOTE OF SUPERVISORS
I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS IS A TRUE
UNANIMOUS(ABSENT ) AND CORRECT COPY OF AN ACTION TAKEN
AYES: I.+ IV, V, III NOES: II AND ENTERED ON THE MINUTES OF THE BOARD
ABSENT: ABSTAIN: OF SUPERVISORS ON THE DATE SHOWN.
ATTESTED June .13, 1995
Contact: PHIL BATCHELOR,CLERK OF THE BOARD OF
cc: See Page 3 SUPERVISORS AND COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR
BY DEPUTY
f f 1 .0.-2
4 . REQUEST the Sheriff-Coroner to comply with the suggestion of
the District Attorney that the Sheriff provide specific
training to those of his personnel who are charged with the
enforcement of the Ordinance to insure that it is applied in
an appropriate manner and REQUEST the Sheriff-Coroner to
report to the Board of Supervisors on August 1, 1995 at 10: 00
A.M. on how and what training will be provided.
5 . AGREE that, if the Ordinance is adopted, the adoption be
subject to the following conditions :
A. The Board of Supervisors will review the implementation
and enforcement of the Ordinance six months after it has
been in effect.
B. The recognition that the Board of _Supervisors can modify
or rescind the Ordinance at any time the Board becomes
convinced that the Ordinance is being misused.
C. That any and all complaints about the enforcement of the
Ordinance will be referred to the Human Relations
Commission for investigation and a report to the Board of
Supervisors.
6 . REMOVE this subject as a referral to the Internal Operations
Committee.
BACKGROUND:
On February 28, 1995, the Board of Supervisors referred to our
Committee a recommendation from Supervisor Rogers that the Board
explore the feasibility of adopting an Ordinance similar to those
adopted in Richmond and Monrovia which would permit law enforcement
officers in the unincorporated area of the County to stop and
question individuals who are loitering and who appear to be selling
drugs . The Human Relations Commission was also asked to review the
proposal and provide its report to our Committee. In addition, the
Youth Commission considered the matter and has provided our
Committee with a report on its findings and recommendations . We
have also received written positions from the District Attorney and
Sheriff-Coroner.
Attached are copies of the following documents which were
considered by our Committee:
0 A May 30, 1995 memorandum from Deputy County Counsel Kevin T.
Kerr with a copy of a proposed ordinance prohibiting loitering
for purposes of drug-related activities .
0, A copy of a May 22, 1995 memorandum from the District Attorney
supporting such an ordinance with certain conditions .
4� A copy of a May 17, 1995 memorandum from the Sheriff-Coroner
supporting such an ordinance with certain conditions .
0 A copy of a May 17, 1995 memorandum from the Youth Commission
supporting such an ordinance with certain conditions .
41 A copy of a May 30, 1995 memorandum and attachments from the
Human Relations Commission, opposing the ordinance, but
suggesting that additional hearings be held in the communities
most likely to be affected.
On June 5, 1995, our Committee met with County Counsel Vic Westman,
Deputy County Counsel Kevin Kerr, Human Relations Commission Chair,
The Rev. Dr. Arthur Manning, Human Relations Commission member
Olivia Moritz, Human Relations Commission member Oscar Bobrow and
Richmond resident Maxon Powell .
2
t I .O.-2 "° •
Mr. Westman summarized the provisions of the Ordinance and the
status of appellate court review of the Monrovia Ordinance. Both
the State Court of Appeals and State Supreme Court refused to hear
appeals from a Superior Court decision upholding the
constitutionality of the Monrovia ordinance, although there is no
written decision making any appellate findings on the validity of
the Ordinance.
Mr. Bobrow summarized the materials which were distributed by the
Human Relations Commission and expressed his personal view that the
proposed Ordinance was unconstitutional. He noted his concern that
the Ordinance would lead to a police state where individuals could
be arrested for what are otherwise innocent and entirely legal
activities . He indicated that he thought the Ordinance was
unnecessary because there were sufficient laws in place to address
inappropriate activities and that the Ordinance, as drawn, was
overly broad.
The Rev. Dr. Manning and Ms. Moritz both spoke in opposition to the
Ordinance and in support of the concerns expressed by Mr. Bobrow.
Our Committee noted the attached memos from the District Attorney
and Sheriff-Coroner supporting the Ordinance with certain
conditions . We also noted the support of the Countywide Youth
Commission and the conditions they placed on their support of the
Ordinance.
Mr. Powell spoke in support of the Ordinance and the need for the
police to have as many tools available as possible to prevent or
control the sale of illegal drugs .
Supervisor DeSaulnier suggested that the Ordinance be approved
subject to a six-month review, that any complaints be referred to
the Human Relations Commission for investigation and report to the
Board, that the special training of the Sheriff ' s personnel
recommended by the District Attorney be provided. Supervisor
Rogers indicated his support for these recommendations and
conditions .
In response to a question from Mr. Bobrow as to whether the Human
Relations Commission should continue to conduct hearings in various
areas of the County, our Committee agreed that they should do so,
but that individuals should also be encouraged to attend the Board
of Supervisors meeting and provide their input directly to the
Board. As a result, we are recommending that the Ordinance be
introduced at this time, but that adoption of the Ordinance be
deferred until August 1, 1995 to give the Human Relations
Commission time to conduct the hearings in various areas of the
County.
cc: County Administrator
District Attorney
Sheriff-Coroner
County Counsel
Countywide Youth Commission
(Via Supervisor DeSaulnier' s Office)
Human Relations Commission
(Via Supervisor DeSaulnier's Office)
3
t VM
COUNTY COUNSEL'S OFFICE
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
MARTINEZ, CALIFORNIA
Date: May 30, 1995
To: Internal Operations Committee
Supervisor Mark DeSaulnier
Supervisor Jim Rogers
From: Victor J. Westman, County Counsel KI '�
By: Kevin T. Kerr, Deputy County Counsel
Re: Draft Ordinance Prohibiting Loitering For Purposes of Drug-
Related Activities
As requested, attached is a draft ordinance concerning the
above subject. The attached draft is substantially similar to
Monrovia\Richmond ordinances on the same subject. The draft
ordinance, if adopted, would make it a misdemeanor for persons to
loiter in a �manner and circumstances manifesting the purpose of
engaging in illegal drug-related activity. Under the .draft
ordinance, if a police officer observes a person loitering, as
defined therein, the person may be arrested without further action or
first directing the person to leave the area. The draft ordinance
will apply generally to all geographic locations and not specific
types of locations .
Also attached is the May 19, 1993 opinion of the District
Attorney, which declared a similar modified draft version of the
Monrovia ordinance to appear "to be constitutionally valid and
en.forceable. "
A slightly different approach to regulation in this area has
been considered by the City of Berkeley. That approach is different
than the attached draft in the following ways: the officer must
first require the person to leave the area and the person is arrested
only upon his or 'her refusal and\or return to the area; specific
types of geographic locations are set forth (at or within a block of
a park, school, retail liquor outlet, etc. ) ; and the officer must
have information ( from himself, other officers, a reliable informant,
or complainants) that the person intends to or is engaging, or has
engaged, in illegal activity at that location and such information is
consistent with the .officer' s observations of the person' s behavior
at that location.
y,
J ' '
May 30, 1995 Page 2
KTK\kv
attachments
cc: Phil Batchelor, County Administrator (w\attchmts)
Warren Rupf, Sheriff (w\attchmts) -
Gary Yancey, District Attorney (w\attchmts)
5a:bd-supe\1oiter.ord
1
ORDINANCE 95-
(Loitering For Purposes of Drug-Related Activities)
The Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors ordains as
follows (omitting the parenthetical footnotes from the official
text from the enacted provisions of the County Ordinance Code) .
SECTION I. Chapter 54-18 is added to the Contra Costa County
Ordinance to read as follows :
CHAPTER 54-18 LOITERING FOR PURPOSES OF DRUG-RELATED
ACTIVITIES
54-18. 002 Purpose. Persons loitering in, on, or near any
thoroughfare or place open to the public or near any public or
private place -with the intent to buy, sell, transfer, possess, or
use illegal drugs pose a serious threat to the health, safety,
and welfare of citizens, including neighboring residents and
passers-by. Because of the increasing danger that .such activity
creates, this ordinance is needed to protect the public health,
safety, and welfare.
(Ord. 95- . )
54-18. 004 Acts Prohibited. It is unlawful for any person
to loiter in, on, or near any thoroughfare or place open to the
public or near any public or private place in a manner and under
circumstances manifesting the purpose of engaging in drug-related
activity defined as offenses in Chapters 6 and 6 .5 of Division 10
of the California Health and Safety Code.
(Ord. 95- . )
54-18 . 006 Circumstances . Any of the following
circumstances may be considered in determining whether the
purpose of engaging in drug-related activity is manifested by a
loitering person, and such circumstances are not exclusive:
( 1.) The person is a .known unlawful drug user, possessor, or
seller. For purposes of this chapter, a "known unlawful drug
user, possessor, or seller" is a person who has, within the
knowledge of the arresting officer, been convicted in any court
within this state of any violation involving the use, possession
or sale of any of the substances referred to in Chapters 6 and
6 .5 of Division 10 of the California Health and Safety Code.
(2) The person displays physical characteristics of drug
intoxication or usage, such as "needle tracks . "
(3) The person possesses drug paraphernalia.
(4 ) The person is currently subject to an order prohibiting
1
ORDINANCE NO. 95-
his or her presence in a high drug activity geographic area.
(5) The person behaves in such a manner as to raise a
reasonable suspicion that he or she is about to engage in or is
then engaged in an unlawful drug-related activity, including by
way of example only, acting as a "lookout. "
(6 ) The person is physically identified by the officer as a
member of a "gang, " or association which has as a purpose illegal
drug activity.
( 7) The person transfers small objects or packages for
currency in a furtive fashion.
(8) The person takes flight upon the appearance of a police
officer.
(9) The person tries to conceal himself or herself or any
object which reasonably could be involved in an unlawful drug-
related activity.
( 10) The person is in a geographic area that is known for
unlawful drug use and trafficking.
( 11) The person is on or in premises that have been reported
to law enforcement as a place suspected of unlawful drug
activity.
( 12) The person is in or within six feet of any vehicle
registered to a known unlawful drug user, possessor, or seller,
or person for whom there is an outstanding warrant for a- crime
involving drug-related activity.
(Ord. 95-_. )
2
ORDINANCE NO. 95-
SECTION II . Effective Date. This ordinance becomes effective 30
days after passage, and within 15 days after passage shall be
published once with the names of supervisors, voting for and
against it in the , a newspaper published
in this County. (Gov. Code, SS 25123 & 25124 . )
PASSED ON , by the following
vote:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTAIN:
ATTEST: PHIL BATCHELOR, Clerk of
the Board and County Administrator
By:
Deputy Board Chair
[SEAL]
3
ORDINANCE NO. 95-
• 4
• G.tRY t YANCEY
+ C(STMCT ATTORNEY a.
OFFICE OF THE
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
0tST1:?=ATTORNEY
TO: Phil Batchelor
i
County Administra
FROM: Gary T. Yancey
District Attorney
DATE_ May 19, 1993
SUaJECT: Proposed Loitering Ordinance
1. The proposed County Ordinance prohibiting loitering with the intent to engage in
drug-related crimes appears to be constitutionally valid and enforceable.
2. Within the_anticipated budget restraints facing this office, few, if any violations of
the ordinance will be prosecuted. However. it would remain a valuable tool for
street-level law enforcement.
GW, :pd
BATCP03,MEMIMAY93
cc: Victor J. Westman
County Counsel
Warren E. Rupf
Sheriff-Coroner
George Roemer
Director, Justice Systems Programs
Gary T.Yancey
District Attorney
OFFICE OF THE
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
DISTRICT ATTORNEY
725 Court Street, Fourth Floor
Martinez, California 94553
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
RECEIVED
TO: Claude L. Van Marter
Assistant County Administrator AY ^/
3 19,95
FROM: Gary T. Yancey
District Attorney
OFFICE OF
DATE: May 22, 1995 COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR
SIJBJECT: Anti-drug Loitering Ordinance
In the opinion of this office, the subject ordinance could be a useful tool for specially trained law
enforcement personnel in combating the sales or narcotics and dangerous drugs in the
unincorporated neighborhoods of Contra Costa County.
As was done successfully in other counties, it is recommended that prior to implementation of the
ordinance, specific training be given to the Sheriffs Office personnel charged with enforcement
of this ordinance to insure that it is applied in an appropriate manner.
The criteria for arrest as presented by this ordinance, to a great extent, duplicate criteria which
have been recognized over the years by California courts as factors which will support detention
and arrest. Therefore, if applied properly, the rights of citizens to be secure against unlawful
search and arrest will not be infringed. The ordinance is helpful in that it consolidates these
factors and spells them out in a way that should assist the investigating officer.
Since violation of the ordinance is destined to be an infraction or misdemeanor, and most
narcotics violations are felony offenses, prosecutions will be for the more serious violations of
state narcotics law, with the ordinance violation providing probable cause for the arrest. If an
arrest for violation of the ordinance does not result in the recovery of dangerous drugs or
narcotics, few prosecutions are anticipated.
GT)':JNW:pd
F
TA COUNTY
OFFICE OF THE SHERIFF VED
s"
Contra Costa County 1995
Administration Division _„
(510) 646-2645 OF
IaTR t
Date: May 17, 1995 �a -
To: Internal Operations Committee, Supervisor Mark DeSaulnier,
Supervisor Jim Rogers
Via:: Claude . Van Marter, Assistant County Administrator
From: Wa e u f, heriff
Subject: "Loiter g Ordinance"
This is a response to the Board of Supervisors referral of a proposed "Loitering" ordinance to this
Office on February 28, 1995.
The proposed ordinance has been reviewed and noted that it is similar to the ordinance from
Monrovia, California which has withstood the test of state appeal courts. Also noted however,
is the ordinance, reputedly originated in Cincinnati, Ohio, was eventually overturned by a Federal
Court.
This office supports the adoption of an ordinance that provides tools for law enforcement officers
to rid our communities of street drug dealers.
Inherent, in any law or power given to law enforcement is the constant concern of possible
abuse. Historically law enforcement has been entrusted with the broadest powers in our society
when given the authority to arrest, detain and search our citizens. These broad powers require
extensive training and an intense selection process to ensure that officer's are given the tools
and have the capacity to handle such power. The proposed ordinance if adopted would not be
unlike any other inventory of laws or discretionary acts available to law enforcement to use to
combat problems in of our society.
My support for the proposed ordinance is only conditioned on the drafting of an ordinance that
meets the needs of our community that will withstand legal tests. The use and or misuse will be
controlled by this office as we presently control, guide and direct our law enforcement officers
in all their duties.
RFP:ls
cc: Victor J. Westman, County Counsel
�Gaey?, District Attorney
CONTRA COSTA
COUNTYWIDE YOUTH COMMISSION
established in 1995
TO: Board of Supervisors
FROM: Countywide Youth Commission
DATE: May 17, 1995
SUBJECT: Drug Loitering Ordinance
On April 26, 1995, after thorough study, discussion, and debate, the Countywide
Youth Commission voted 12 to 9 to recommend adoption of the Drug Loitering
Ordinance to the Board of Supervisors. The ordinance, proposed by Supervisor Jim
Rogers, is seen by the majority of the Youth Commissioners as an additional tool law
enforcement personnel can use to help curb the sale and distribution of illegal
substances within the unincorporated areas of Contra Costa County.
The concern of harassment of citizens and abuse of the ordinance was widely
discussed at the April 26 meeting and passage of the recommendation was based on
the following provisions, which the Youth Commission recommends the Supervisors
include in the ordinance:
1 . The ordinance be used on a trial basis and will require the Sheriff's Department
to provide updates every six months to the Board of Supervisors on its
effectiveness.
2. If there is a founded, documented case of harassment by a Sheriff's Deputy
while the ordinance is being enforced, the Board of Supervisors will have the
power to rescind the ordinance.
3. The Board of Supervisors will also have the power to amend the ordinance
when deemed necessary, therefore, making the ordinance flexible to
satisfactorily meet the needs of the community.
2425 Bisso Lane, Suite 110, Concord, CA 94520-4817
(510) 646-5763; (510) 646-5767 (fax)
Contra
C(D _-)ta
County
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
S HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSION
2425-BiSSo Lane, Suite 120-A, Concord, California 94520
(510) 646-5322
�r
COU14
Date: May 30, 1995
To: Claude L. van Marter Assistant County Administrator and to the
Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors
From: Contra Costa County Human Relations Commission
Subject: "Loitering" Ordinance
On April 18, 1995 the Contra Costa Human Relations Commission
sub-committee held a public hearing in Martinez to obtain the
position of the County Sheriff, District Attorney, Public Defender
and the ACLU on the proposed ordinance (See attached press release
and CCCTimes articles) . The committee was attempting to obtain, in
a public forum, the opinion of the officials of the County that
operate within the criminal justice system.
The representative that appeared from the Sheriff ' s
department, Capt. John Gackowski, indicated that the ordinance as
presently drafted is not "necessary" , given present law enforcement
mechanisms in existence which allow officers to contact and
approach those persons in the county who have been convicted of a
felony involving narcotics and who are presently on probation or
parole. Sheriff Gackowski additionally expressed the belief that
the ordinance, as presently drafted, may create more problems with
innocent behavior of citizens than it purports to solve. Captain
Gackowski also pointed out that as far as he knew only one person
had been prosecuted in Richmond to date for a violation of the
Richmond ordinance. (It should be pointed out that subsequent to
the Commissions hearing Sheriff Rupff appeared at a County Youth
Commission debate on the proposed ordinance and spoke in favor of
ordinance) .
The representative that appeared form the Public Defender' s
Office, Chief Assistant Public Defender David Coleman, presented a
detailed analysis of the legal ramifications of the ordinance and
cited to the Committee United States Supreme Court cases protecting
innocent behavior of persons with different lifestyles than those
of the "general" public. Mr. Coleman also cited a 1993 Ohio
Supreme Court case (Akron vs . Roland) in which the proposed
ordinance is almost mirrored. The Ohio Supreme court found that
the ordinance was unconstitutional as being too vague in that the
average person on the street could not know what innocent conduct
was prohibited. Mr. Coleman further pointed out that the statute
as written was an invitation to law enforcement to detain, search
and subject to physical intrusions (such as removal to the police
station where body cavity searches could be conducted) citizens who
were not engaged in any criminal behavior.
The representative from the ACLU that appeared also pointed
out that the ordinance was contrary to present law protecting
freedom of association. The ACLU was most concerned with the
rights of persons most likely to be affected by the enforcement of
the ordinance and pointed out that "mere presence" in the community
where drug dealing was taking place would be grounds for unwanted
contact by the police. Citing similar legal authority as the
Public Defender, the position of the ACLU was that too much
discretion would be in the hands of the police which could lead to
a deterioration of relations in communities where tensions between
:Law enforcement and the citizenry are already strained.
The above sentiment regarding freedom to associate and to be
free from unwanted contact with law enforcement was additionally
:reflected by the public participation at the hearing. Speaking
against the ordinance was an African American citizen of the county
(and recipient of the County' s Humanitarian of the Year award) who
described an experience with law enforcement in which he was
humiliated during a routine traffic stop by a member of one of the
County' s police departments .
Based on the fact that no time limit was given to HRC as to
when the Board of Supervisors wanted a response to the request to
evaluate the proposed ordinance the Commission feels that this
report should serve as an interim report. Thus, it is the position
of the HRC that seeking additional opinions in the form of
additional public hearings, held in the in communities most likely
to be effected by the increased power this ordinance would grant to
law enforcement, could be helpful to the Board' s decision on
whether to enact the ordinance as written.
At this time, however, the opinion of the Human Relations
Commission would be to recommend against the proposed ordinance as
an unconstitutional and unwarranted intrusion into the innocent
behavior of the citizens of the county by law enforcement.
Please see the attached 1993 North Carolina Law Review article
on this subject. Please also note that despite the article,
attached to the proposed ordinance when the ordinance was
originally sent to the HRC for review, which dealt with a similar
ordinance out of Monrovia California, no written opinion of any
court in California has been cited to the Commission that would in
fact uphold the constitutionality of the proposed ordinance.
Despite being invited, as were all the other participants who
attended, the District Attorney did not send a representative to
the hearing.
Wednesday, April 19, 1995 West County Times-3A" A
.i i
Albany trading cards teach safe driving
The Albany Police Department, among the first in the nation to offer trading ree
cards as a means to humanize the police, has introduced trading cards of Bch
local teen-agers who promote safe driving. 4A tin-es
13
ties
he
havehigher ra ng
e nd
iia
id East Palo Alto. Thirty figures are 14 percent and 17 percent, re- effective means of curbing the spread of the ,rs
ale users carry the virus. spectively,in San Francisco. disease. s1
SIDS prevention activists The incidence of HIV and AIDS is high- Injection drug users often share needles 4-
i30 percent figure when est in cities with few resources devoted to because they are difficult to come by. State j
)r increased AIDS aware- preventing the spread of the disease, Wat- law requires a prescription to obtain nee-
:change programs. ters said. dies.Several cities,including San Francisco
EN prevention specialist Watters said prevention efforts must stress and Oakland,have exchange programs be-
osta County AIDS. pro- accessible and affordable drug treatment, cause county officials declared local states
gond and East Palo Alto increased outreach and awareness educa- of emergency allowing them to sidestep the
ie epidemic on the West tion, voluntary and free HIV testing and law.
blic forum in December counseling and needle exchange programs. Contra Costa County supervisors could
bility of needle exchange Contra Costa County has an active AIDS do the same but are waiting for lawmakers
prevention program and Richmond has a in Sacramento to make such programs le-
it of all IV drug users in methadone clinic to help heroin addicts kick gal.That,however,is unlikely because Gov.
about 22 percent of those their habit,but the community lacks a nee- Wilson has vetoed three times in as many
have HIV or AIDS.The die exchange program,often considered an years legislation that would do just that.
Shermjoms ACLU to 0ppose plan
that would end drug-related loiterjng
By MICHAEL HYTHA to avoid is something that could lead the way to the California Supreme-
Staff writer to a misuse of the authority we have Court.Between 40 and 60 drug deal-
now. ers have been prosecuted under it;
mak drug-re drug-related loiTINEZ A tering proposal
al Concord rapper Norman Berry, said Joseph Santoro, the city's po-
g- g g who is better known by his stage
in Contra Costa's unincorporated name, Chill E. B., said young blackcommunities was lice chief.
ha-
byhe Sheriffs Department and the icized men would be subject to more me He said arresting people who ap- '
P rassment if the ordinance became
ACLU at a sparsely attended hear- law pear to be dealing,just one feature
ing Tuesday night. "If this is in place,I have to worry of a larger community-based ap-..,
The opposition from the Ameri- about it every day," said Berry, the proach to law enforcement, has,;
can Civil Liberties Union, the only member of the public present dampened the curbside trade in rock I
county's Public Defender's Office at the meeting. cocaine. n l;
and members of the county's Human The proposed ordinance would
Relations Commission, who con- allow sheriff's deputies to stop and "It's one of many tools that we:,
ducted the hearing,was no surprise. search loiterers who appear to be need to suppress what is in some in-.
But Sheriff's Capt. John Gack- dealing drugs on streets and side- stances blatant criminal activity,""
owski said his department would rec- walks in unincorporated areas. Santoro said.
ommend against the proposed ordi- Critics charge such laws violate
nance based on a similar one passed the Fourth Amendment's protections Contra Costa Supervisor Jim"
in Richmond two years ago.Allow- against unreasonable search and Rogers,who pushed through a sim-
ing deputies to arrest people they seizure.Anti-loitering laws inevitably ilar ordinance while a Richmond City
suspect of drug dealing based on lead to discrimination against mi-
their association with gangs or even norities, they say. Councilman, said clearly defining
just because they are within six feet The ACLU has sued to overturn what constitutes suspicious activity
of a known drug dealer's car would an anti-loitering measure Berkeley will head off potential abuses.
be"fraught with problems,"he said. voters approved in November.
"A properly drafted ordinance Monrovia, 14 miles east of Los "I feel comfortable that this is not
could be a useful tool," Gackowski Angeles,passed a similar ordinance a blank check for discriminatory be-'
said."What the sheriff's office wants in 1990 and fought legal attacks all havior,"Rogers said.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY
HUMAN RELATIONS COMMISSION
2425-Bisso Lane, Suite 120-A, Concord, California 94520
(510) 646-5322
PRESS RELEASE
ON APRIL 18, 1995 AT 7 : 00 P.M. IN THE GEORGE GORDON CENTER AT
500 COURT STREET IN MARTINEZ, THE CONTRA COSTA COUNTY HUMAN
RELATIONS COMMISSION WILL HOLD A HEARING ON THE PROPRIETY OF
SUPERVISOR ROGERS ' PROPOSED "ANTI-LOITERING ORDINANCE" .
REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE COUNTY SHERIFF ' S DEPARTMENT, THE DISTRICT
ATTORNEY, THE PUBLIC DEFENDER AND THE ACLU WILL BE IN ATTENDANCE.
THE HEARING WILL ADDRESS THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE
ORDINANCE, WHETHER PRESENT LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS ARE ADEQUATE TO
DEAL WITH THE LOITERING PROBLEM AND WHAT THE RAMIFICATIONS WILL BE
ON THE CITIZENRY MOST LIKELY TO BE AFFECTED BY THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF THE ORDINANCE.
THE PUBLIC IS ENCOURAGED TO ATTEND.
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Margaret L. I.esner,Chairman of the board
Georp H.RIgBs,publisher and chief executive officer
Gayton Naswell,executive edtor&vice presid"Vnews
Gloria M.Thomas,general manager .
Bob Goll,managing editor
Theresa A.Keegan,editorial page editor .
EDITORIAL
EDITORIAL
Anti-loitering plan.
is not a solution
to drug dealing
Everyone readily acknowledges that
drug dealing is a problem. However,
an anti-loitering proposal will not
solve the problem and, indeed,has great
potential for creating even more problems
for law enforcement.
The anti-loitering idea,which the super-
visors correctly sent to the county Human_.
Relations Commission for input, would al-
low law enforcement officers to stop and
search people loitering on streets and side-
walks in unin-
corporated
areas. There are
Targeted at many laws
people who look
as if they're already in
trying to deal
drugs, there are place to deal
too many loop- with actual
holes in this
proposal to sup- drug dealers.
port it. There
are many laws
already in place to deal with drug dealers.
There is no need to potentially wear away
the rights guaranteed in the Fourth
Amendment protecting Americans from
unreasonable search and seizure.
If county supervisor Jim Rogers, who
proposed this measure, wants to get tough
on drug dealers, he can start by allocating
enough money to allow the sheriffs de-
partment to start community policing in
unincorporated areas. This allows officers
to personally know the people in a commu-
nity — who the good people are and who
are the ones who cause problems. Law of-
ficers can then have a better understand-
ing of where the drugs are coming from
and they can effectively put an end to the,
dealing, using existing laws.
To make petty busts on street corner
dealers will not solve drug dealing—espe-
cially given the fact that our legal system
is alredy overburdened.
To simply stop people who are hanging, -
out at street corners and search them on `
the pretext of looking for drugs will do lit-
tie but erode a population's already shrink-
ing faith that the cops are the good guys.
The county's human relations commis-
sion should look into this policy, note the
obvious flaws in it, and come up with some
real solutions — and the money to imple-
ment them — to address neighborhood
drug dealing, without robbing all citizens of
their fundamental rights.
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568 NORTH CAROLINA LAW REVIEW (Vol. 7f
jury's community sense of justice can become so generic that the jury is
blind to the defendant's guilt or innocence." '•` -
Although generic prejudice-usually afflicts jurors, a similar occur
rence is happening with the third generation loitering laws. People are-
arrested because of the way they look, where they live, and whom they !!�:T"
live with; they fit the "drug dealer stereotype." "Loitering with the in-,.t-
tent
n _tent to sell drugs" laws compound the generic justice problem. Once,-,,`7:-
labeled,
nce:;labeled, the police can arrest and prosecute whomever they choose
merely in the name of fighting the war against drugs.
WILLIAM TROSCH.
425. Pane!One,supra note 420, at 564-65.