HomeMy WebLinkAboutMINUTES - 11152005 - D5 TO: BOARD OF SUPERVISORS � L"'°:" Con t
�
FROM: JOHN SWEETEN, County Administrator ` � Costa
Vei
Vdit
DATE: NOVEMBER 9, 2005 '��' .- '`� `/�1-
�SrA cduK�f'; � V O nty
SUBJECT: LEVEE FAILURE MITIGATION MEASURES
SPECIFIC REQUEST(5)OR RECOMMENDATION(S)8 BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS:
1. ACCEPT follow-up report on issues raised by the Board on September 21st regarding
possible levee failure mitigation measures.
2. ACKNOWLEDGE that the 1957 Water Agency Act provides broad powers that enable the
County to act through its Water Agency to advocate for and help expedite large-scale levee
repair through the Department of Water Resources and the United States Army Corps of
Engineers, agencies with direct jurisdiction over levee maintenance and repair.
3. DIRECT the County Administrator to organize a public information campaign to educate the
populace about the state's reliance on the delta levees and communicate funding needs to
the state and federal governments.
4. REQUEST the Sheriff's Office of Emergency Services to plan and organize a public tour of
the delta levees for Spring 2006.
CONTINUED ON ATTACHMENT: 2YES SIGNATURE:
❑ RECOMMENDATION OF COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR RECOMMENDATION OF BOARD COM ITTEE
❑APPROVE OTHER
SIGNATURE(S):
ACTION OF BOARD ON I� �I S I �-'��5e000
APPROVED AS RECOMMENDED OTHER ❑ AlDPENC>LAk Nk AIC/ke,"IST>
VOTE OF SUPERVISORS: I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS IS A TRUE AND
CORRECT COPY OF AN ACTION TAKEN AND
UNANIMOUS(ABSENT O ENTERED ON THE MINUTES OF THE BOARD OF
AYES: NOES: SUPERVISORS ON THE DATE SHOWN.
ABSENT: ABSTAIN: ATTESTED: NOVEMBER 15,2005
Contact: SCOTT TANDY(925) 335-1087 JOHN SWEETEN,CLERK OF THE BOARD OF
cc: COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR SUPERVISORS AND COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR
SHERIFF-CORONER �
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DIRECTOR
PUBLIC WORKS DIRECTORBy_ notma m
ty
Levee Failure Mitigation November 9, 2005
County Administrator Page 2
5. DIRECT the Sheriffs Office of Emergency Services, the Community Development
Department, the County Water Agency, and the Public Works Department to determine the
scope, content, and cost for the County to prepare GIS (Geographic Information System)
maps of Delta islands and levee areas, in accordance with Department of Water Resources'
delta mapping project protocol, and report back to the Board of Supervisors.
6. AUTHORIZE the Chair, Board of Supervisors, to author letters to Governor Schwarzenegger
and Contra Costa County's Congressional and State legislative delegations, thanking them
for their actions in support of additional resources for levee maintenance and the study and
development of long-term strategies to ensure the integrity of the Delta.
7. DIRECT staff to include Delta levee issues as outlined in this report in the County's 2005/06
federal and state legislative platforms.
8. DIRECT the Public Works Director to continue discussions with CaITRANS and San Joaquin
County on the feasibility of improvements to maintain the structural integrity of the Highway 4
in the event of a delta levee failure.
9. DIRECT the.Public Works Director continue to work with the East County cities to identify
and improve critical segments of East County's circulation element, such as Byron Highway,
to support emergency operations.
BACKGROUND:
As a result of the Jones Tract and Winter Island levee failures last year, the Sheriff's Office of
Emergency Services (OES), at the request of the County Administrator, conducted a thorough
assessment of the reasons for the levee failures and subsequent flooding of the Delta region.
The findings of that assessment, along with recommendations for levee failure mitigation, were
presented to the Board of Supervisors on September 27, 2005. The Sheriff's Office and the
County Administrator clarified that the County is not directly responsible for levee construction,
maintenance or repair, but that the County is responsible for emergency response and
evacuation when levee failures and flooding occur. Staff recommended that the Board consider
all reasonable steps to advocate for levee strengthening; for legislative amendments requiring
reclamation districts to develop, publish, and maintain hazard emergency plans; and for
increasing public awareness of the importance of well-maintained levees and the threat to the
State's water supply, the State's economy, and our citizens should the delta levees fail.
The Board of Supervisors requested the following issues of concern and discussion points
emanating from the September 27 presentation be returned for further discussion in November:
■ Identify a potential coalition of levee improvement advocates
■ Organize a tour of the levee system
■ Estimate the cost associated with the Sheriff's September 27th recommendations
Levee Failure Mitigation November 9, 2005
County Administrator Page 3
■ Develop a legislative program for full funding of levee rehabilitation and flood prevention
efforts
■ Analyze the powers and duties of the County Water Agency
■ Assess the feasibility of Highway 4 infrastructure improvements to facilitate evacuation
during an emergency
In addition to the discussion points above, this report addresses the following related issues and
events:
■ Geographic Information System (GIS) Mapping Project
■ State and federal hearings and state legislation related to levees
I. Potential Coalition of Levee Improvement Advocates
A number of relevant organizations listed below may have interest in development of a levee
coalition, or have interest in the message conveyed by such a coalition. Information of
common interest could include documentation on the critical importance of, and threat to,
levees in the state, and ongoing studies and projects. A primary campaign would include
enlisting potential members in strong advocacy activity targeted on obtaining immediate state
and federal funding and expediting related legislative priorities. Size and scope of the
coalition would need to be determined before staffing needs and subsequent costs could be
determined. The coalition could range from a one-time, get-the-information-out campaign, to
running a more organized and sustained effort that provides information as an ongoing activity
and engages in collaborative outreach and active advocacy. If a larger-scale effort is
envisioned, the Board might consider a co-leadership position with one or more of the
following agencies or organizations:
■ California State Association of Counties, other delta counties, bay counties
■ Mayors Conference, League of Cities, cities in county, delta cities, bay cities
■ Special Districts Association, Association of California Water Agencies (ACWA), local
water districts, including Contra Costa Water District (CCWD), East Bay Municipal
Utility District (EBMUD), and Metropolitan Water District (MWD), State Water
Contractors
■ Resource Conservation Council and Districts
■ State Reclamation Board and Local Reclamation Districts
■ Delta Protection Commission
CALFED Levee Subcommittee and Bay-Delta Authority
■ Governor's Office
■ Federal and state legislative delegation
■ Professional planning and engineering organizations
■ Environmental groups
Levee Failure Mitigation November 9, 2005
County Administrator Page 4
It was anticipated by staff that abroad-based coalition would emerge as part of the Delta
Long Term Management (LTMS) Project, where the County would play an active role.
Originally envisioned as a broad-based collaborative effort which considered sediment
management and regulatory streamlining for the delta, the LTMS project was also to provide a
broad political base of all the interested and affected parties to help advocate for significant
funding for levees. Staff is currently meeting with the United States Army Corps of Engineers
(Corps) to initiate the collaborative stakeholder components.
Because of uncertainty related to the Delta LTMS project, a "get-the-information-out"
campaign may be an appropriate first step. The campaign might consist of Board members
and staff speaking to the above agencies/organizations on the importance of levees, and
specifics on state and federal funding needs. Consideration could then be given to a larger
campaign, as necessary.
11. Tour of the Levee System
The earliest opportunity to conduct a public tour of the delta levees would be the Spring, due
to the approaching rainy season. The Spring tour would include a bus ride to Bethel Island,
Hotchkiss Tract, and Discovery Bay. At each of these sites, a walking tour of the levees
would be guided by the local reclamation district. The tour would be legally noticed as a
public meeting of the Board of Supervisors. Invitations to the tour would include members of
the State Department of Water Resources, Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCo),
and local reclamation districts.
111111. Costs Associated with the Sheriff's September 27t" Recommendations
The Sheriff's Office made 13 recommendations to mitigate the potential for, and effects of,
levee failures. Recommendation No. 13 was that "OES utilize current assigned staff or fill
existing vacancies to develop and maintain staff and emergency response notification
procedures for incidents that could impact county levee integrity." The County
Administrator's Office estimates the cost of filling the five vacant positions requested by the
Sheriff to be $530,000. The County Administrator's Office will continue to work with the
Sheriffs Office to assess the need for and feasibility of filling any of these positions. The
other recommendations in the September 27 th report can be reasonably accomplished with
existing staff and resources.
IV. Proposed Legislative Program for Full Funding of Levee Rehabilitation and Flood
Prevention Efforts
The Board requested the County Administrator to develop for Board consideration a
legislative program to secure funding for levee rehabilitation and repair. Considerable
attention is being paid to the levee issue at both the state and federal level, as recounted
below:
Levee Failure Mitigation November 9, 2005
County Administrator Page 5
■ September 6, 20-0-5 — Senator Dianne Feinstein and Congressman Richard Pombo
sends a letter to General Carl Strock, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, urging the Corps
to address deterioration of levees in the Delta, citing potential for massive floods
impacting farms, towns and the majority of the State's water supply. The letter asks
what the Corps has done to address problems with levees, how much repair could be
accomplished with the (CALFED) $90 million appropriation, and questions relative to
local cost-sharing and risk assessment study costs.
■ September 14, 2005 —The Corps responds to an earlier request of Senator Feinstein,
providing a list of Corps projects in the Delta, with funding capabilities (project costs).
Listed, among other projects, are the Corps 180-day Report (which details how the
$90 million of CALFED appropriated monies would be spent), and the Delta Risk
Management Strategy (DRMS).
■ September 14, 2005 — Governor Schwarzenegger sends a letter to Senator Feinstein
(Member, Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee) and Congressman
Pombo (Chair, House Resources Committee) indicating concern about the structural
integrity of the Delta levees. The letter identifies twelve priority projects (the same
Corps projects identified in the Corps letter to Senator Feinstein) that require a total of
$92,655,000 in federal funds. The Governor's letter also calls for a comprehensive
and sustained effort that includes more specific authority for the Corps and
"reinvigorating the federal government's commitment to emergency response
planning." The Governor's letter also calls for completion of the Delta project priorities
180-Day report and the Delta Islands and Levees Feasibility Study (DRMS Study
described above).
■ September 22,, 2005 — Senators Feinstein and Barbara Boxer and various California
delegation members send a letter to Congressman Pete Stark, the "titular head" of the
California delegation, requesting assistance in securing funding on a priority basis for
the flood control projects identified in the Corps' and Governor Schwarzenegger's
letters.
■ October 13, 2005 —Twenty-five members of the California Congressional delegation,
including Congressmembers George Miller and Ellen Tauscher, send a letter to the
Energy and Water Development Subcommittee of the House Appropriations
Committee requesting $70.55 million for five Corps' projects; full funding for the
CalFed-authorized projects including the Emergency Management and Response
Plan; $500,000 for the Corps levee stability study (180-Day Report); $3 million for
long-term regional planning efforts (DRMS Study); and funding to repair damages
resulting from the January, 1997 flooding in the Central Valley (estimated cost of$1.5
to $3 billion).
■ October 20, 2005 —The Water and Power Subcommittee of the House Resources
Committee holds a hearing on "water supply vulnerabilities on the Sacramento-San
Levee Failure Mitigation November 9, 2005
County Administrator Page 6
Joaquin river system." As outlined by the subcommittee chair, the goal of the hearing
is to determine the extent of the vulnerabilities and to "help find solutions that all
stakeholders can participate in." After the hearing, Congressman Pombo issued a
statement that concluded, "Now is the time to act."
■ October 24, 2005 —The Assembly Joint Committee on Emergency Services and
Homeland Security holds a hearing entitled, "Is California Prepared for the Big One:
Earthquake, Tsunami, Wildfire, Flood or Act of Terrorism?"
■ October 25, 2005 —The Assembly Judiciary Committee; Water, Parks and Wildlife
Committee; and Insurance Committee hold a joint hearing on "Risks and Liabilities:
Who Is Responsible for Avoiding a California 'Katrina' and Who Will Pay If We Do
Not?" The committees hear from four panels addressing the following issues:
o Flood management and prevention in California: who builds and maintains
California's flood management system?;
o Who will be and who should be footing the bill if the flood system fails?;
o How does the pervasive lack of flood insurance exacerbate the state's liability
. exposure in the event of major floods?;
o New development in flood plains: How do we make sure the public is safe?
■ November 1. 2005 —The Senate Subcommittee on Delta Resources; the
Transportation and Housing Committee; and the Joint Committee on Emergency
Services and Homeland Security hold a joint hearing on "Thinking the Unthinkable:
Are We Ready for Major Floods in the Delta?" The joint hearing reviews the state of
the levees, emergency response capacity to react to a regional flood and whether or
not the levee system can be made impervious. Lester Snow, Director of DWR, makes
a presentation on the catastrophic effects of a 6.5 magnitude earthquake in the Delta,
(part of Attachment 7).
On the state level, the legislature also considered several bills relating to levees during the
2004-05 session, two of which were chaptered, and two of which have become two-year bills:
■ AB 1200 (Laird: Chaptered)— Requires the Department of Water Resources and
Department of Fish and Game to work together to study and report on the risks to
water supply, the Delta ecosystem and other Delta values from various causes of
Delta levee failure in conjunction with a current Department of Water Resources study
of the Delta levee system. In addition the study will evaluate and comparatively rate
the options available to implement various objectives, including preservation,
protection and improvement of Delta levees. This study will lay the groundwork for the
Delta Risk Management Study (DRMS).
■ AB 1665 (Laird)— Introduced as a vehicle to address Central Valley flood
management issues, particularly financing. The bill is currently a placeholder bill while
Levee Failure Mitigation November 9, 2005
County Administrator Page 7
the State Department of Water Resources, local agencies, development interests, the
Central Valley Flood Control Association and other flood stakeholders discuss and
resolve individual concerns on how to address what the Senate analysis of the bill
termed the "current Central Valley flood management crisis."
■ SB 264 (Machado; Chaptered)— Extends the Delta Levee Protection Fund, which
funds the Department of Water Resources' (DWR) special projects and subvention
programs for two years (current sunset date is June 2006). Funding goes to
designated levee projects in the Delta, and provides for a state/local cost share for
levee work. Legislation extends the sunset date of the fund itself. Additional
legislation is needed to extend the life of the subvention program (local cost share).
While some funding is available this year, to date no funding has been allocated in the
Governor's FY2006I07 budget for the Delta Levee Protection Fund.
■ SB 1024 (Perata and Torlakson)—The Public Works and Improvement Bond measure
would provide $1 billion for Delta levees out of the $10,275,000,000 bond measure.
The bond would be placed on the November 2006 ballot for voter approval. The Board
of Supervisors adopted a "watch" position on this bill in March 2005 prior to its
amendment to include Delta levee funding. The Board's Transportation, Water,
Infrastructure Committee may want to review the bond measure to determine if
reconsideration of the Board's position on the bill is now appropriate.
In his testimony to the House Subcommittee on Water and Power, Mike Chrisman, Secretary
for Resources, California Resources Agency, succinctly encapsulated what needs to be done
for the levees:
"In the short term we need to maintain our existing system.
Then we need to evaluate systems for long-term viability. And
for the long term we need to adopt systems to provide
reliability, in a way that is balanced with our resource
demands."
Contra Costa County Legislative Platform. As part of its fiscal year 2005-06 federal legislative
platform, Contra Costa County requested $1 million in support of the Corps' Delta Long-Term
Management Strategy Plan {LTMS). The LTMS was conceived as a consensus-based
planning process to prepare a sediment management plan for large-scale rehabilitation of
Delta levees, and to address regulatory streamlining of permits for levees. The Corps had
received a $500,000 appropriation for federal fiscal year 2005. The House appropriation
process allocated $250,000 for federal fiscal year 2006, while the Senate did not allocate
funds. On November 8, 2005, the County received word that the conference committee
agreed upon a $225,000 allocation for 2006.
Beyond specific appropriation requests, the County could include language in its state and
federal platforms to support the needed studies and resources for protection of the Delta
levee system. While the County usually adopts its state legislative platform in toto in late
December or early January, listed below are positions that staff would include at that time.
Levee Failure Mitigation November 9, 2005
County Administrator Page 8
Also, the County's federal fiscal year 2007 legislative platform in this area would not be
finalized until February, due to the need to first evaluate the Army Corps of Engineers'
capability on specific projects (usually released late January or early February).
STATE LEGISLATIVE PLATFORM RELATED TO DELTA LEVEES
1 Support state funding in Fiscal Year (FY) 2005-06 and 06-07 for the Department of
Water Resources (et al) Delta Risk Management Strategy (DRMS StudY). The Risk
Assessment Strategy is a compilation of a number of ongoing, concurrent studies that,
over the next two years will provide necessary information for evaluation of risk
associated with levee failure over the next 50 years. The study is being undertaken by
several agencies working in concert; DWR (as lead), the Corps, and the Department of
Fish and Game, in conjunction with CALFED. Hazard and risk associated with
continuing subsidence, sea level rise, earthquake potential, etc. will be addressed, to
name a few factors. Identification of probable consequences of several levee failure
scenarios, identification of highest risk areas, specific levee information, priorities for
maintenance, land use changes that could reduce risk, evaluation of alternatives to
levee maintenance (ecosystem enhancement), short and long term actions, and a
number of other items will be included.
2) Support significant state funding and legislative language supporting the Department of
Water Resources (DWR) Special Projects and Subventions Program for Delta levees,
under the Delta Flood Protection Fund. The Special Projects fund provides monies for
DWR's study and work on levees. The Subventions program is a state cost-share
program to offset costs borne by reclamation districts for levee rehabilitation activities.
The program was slated to sunset in 2006. SB 264 (Machado), recently chaptered,
extends it until 2008. However, no funding has been identified, and additional
legislative language is necessary to continue DW R's subventions program.
3) Advocate for Administrative and Legislative action to provide significant funding for
levee rehabilitation. Other than the Delta Flood Protection funds for special levee
projects and subventions programs, the state has directed very little funding to levees.
Most recent funds have come from other sources (bond measures).
4) Support legislation/regulation reguirinq eclarnation Districts to develop, publish, and
maintain hazard emergency plans for their districts. Emergency response plans are
critical to emergency management, particularly in an area or situation like the Delta
where a levee break could trigger other emergencies. This legislation/regulation should
also include the requirement for plan review and annual distribution of the plan to the
residents of the district, County Office of Emergency Services and other government
agencies that have emergency response interests within the district.
Levee Failure Mitigation November 9, 2005
County Administrator Page 9
FEDERAL LEGISLATIVE PLATFORM RELATED TO DELTA LEVEES
1 Support a federal 2007 Energv and Water Appropriation to continue studies related to
the Corps 1 80-day Report" to be prepared by the Corps, in accordance with the
CALFED Bay-Delta Reauthorization Act. The CALFED Bay Delta Reauthorization Act,
passed in January 2004, requires the Corps to complete a 180-Day Report detailing
how funding would be spent before $90 million dollars authorized as part of this Act
may be appropriated for levee rehabilitation activities. The 180-Day Study components
include the collaborative Risk Assessment Strategy described above (this may be
separately funded, see below); a Levee Stability Reconstruction Projects and Priorities
Report, and a Delta Levee Emergency and Response Plan. The House and Senate,
in conference, have appropriated the requested $500,000 for this study as part of the
federal 2006 budget.
2) Support a federal 2007 Energv and Water Appropriation (amount to be determined) for
the federal contribution to the Delta Risk Assessment Strategv collaboration described
above (state platform, #1). The Corps requested $3 million for this study in federal
fiscal year 2006; to date, only $200,000 has been allocated for this project.
3) Support a Federal 2007 Energv and Water Appropriation amount to be determined
for the Delta Lonq Term Management Strategy (LTMS). This project received a
$500,000 appropriation in federal fiscal year 2005 and will receive $225,000 for federal
fiscal year 2006. The project was conceived as a consensus based planning process
to prepare a sediment management plan for large-scale rehabilitation of Delta levees,
and to address regulatory streamlining of permits for levees. Because of the broad
array of stakeholders with interest in this project, a broad political base is expected to
be established to help garner significant attention to and funding for levee work. Staff
is currently meeting with the Corps to assess final scope of this project and help initiate
a collaborative process.
It is anticipated that the Board will be asked to support specific monetary requests related to
the Delta levees for the Federal Fiscal Year 2007 budget process after the Army Corps of
Engineers' determine their capabilities (usually by early February).
V. Analysis of the Powers and Duties of the County Water Agency
The Contra Costa County Water Agency (Water Agency) was established by the California
Legislature in 1957 through the Water Agency Act (Act) to facilitate planning, conservation,
development, distribution, control and use of water for the public good by the County. This
act was intended to provide resources in addition to those provided by water districts,
irrigation districts, and municipalities within County boundaries. The County Board of
Supervisors is the ex-officio Board of the Water Agency. The Water Agency currently
receives a small increment of property taxes (approximately $250,000-$275,000) per year.
Boundaries of the Water Agency are concurrent with that of the County with the exception of
some Delta areas. The territory covered by the East Contra Costa & Byron Bethany
Irrigation Districts; Reclamation Districts 800, 802 and 2024 are excluded.
Levee Failure Mitigation November 9, 2005
County Administrator Page 10
The Water Agency has general powers such as the power to sue; acquire real and personal
property, including by eminent domain; enter into contracts; construct, maintain, and operate
water works; and issue bonds.
Regarding levee maintenance and rehabilitation for the purposes of flood control and water
supply, the Agency has the powers to do any and every act necessary so that sufficient water
may be available for any present or future beneficial use or uses of the lands or inhabitants
of the agency, including irrigation, domestic fire protection, municipal, commercial, industrial
and recreation uses. Specifically, the Agency has the power to:
■ conduct surveys and investigations of the water supply and resources of the agency.
■ develop, protect, conserve, and reclaim water; reduce the waste of water; control and
prevent the intrusion of salinity in water; replenish underground water supplies; and
reclaim flood and storm waters.
In furtherance of the above powers and purposes, the Act gives the Water Agency the
authority to negotiate and enter into agreements with the federal and state governments for
the purpose of carrying out any of the powers granted by the Act and necessary to assure
water and water service. For example, the Water Agency could contract with the Corps for
relevant studies or actual levee work.
In summary, because of the threat to water supply from levee failure, the Act provides broad
powers that enable the County to act through its Water Agency to advocate for and help
expedite large-scale levee repair, (and perhaps other relevant activities), through the
Department of Water Resources and the Corps, agencies with direct jurisdiction over levee
maintenance and repair.
V1. Feasibility of Highway 4 Infrastructure Improvements to Facilitate Evacuation During
an Emergency
The Board has requested that the Public Works Department report on the feasibility of
Highway 4 improvements that could facilitate an evacuation in the event of a levee failure.
Staff requested CaITRANS to investigate different types of improvements and how these
improvements will improve the survivability of Highway 4 in the event of a levee failure. This
investigation could become the basis for a strategic plan for improvements to Highway 4.
While Highway 4 is an important inter-regional route for emergency operation, staff has also
looked at what other transportation improvements will be necessary to evacuate the
residents most vulnerable to levee failure and to support the emergency operation should a
levee failure occur in Eastern Contra Costa County.
■ The Bethel Island Road Bridge is the only land access to Bethel Island. A $12 million
(80% Federal funds) project to replace this old bridge is scheduled to start construction
in 2006.
Levee Failure Mitigation November 9, 2005
County Administrator Page 11
■ OES is also working with Bethel Island Municipal Improvement District to develop an
evacuation plan and to identify upland locations in Oakley and Antioch as shelters.
■ The County received a federal grant to study how we may improve Brentwood Highway,
which is an important route for supplies and assistance from Central Valley and Southern
California. Byron Highway provides access to the Byron Airport, which will be the staging
area for both surface and air supplies during an emergency. Hangars at Byron Airport
can also serve as emergency shelters when needed.
■ Currently, Cypress Road is the only road linking Bethel Island to the rest of the County.
Extending Byron Highway from Cypress Road to Delta Road will provide an additional
evacuation route for residents in that area. This project is part of the conditions of
approval for developments in the area proposed to be annexed into the City of Oakley. It
is recommended that the Public Works Director continue to work with the City of Oakley
to facilitate the construction of Byron Highway Extension and to work with the cities in
East County to improve the remaining segment of Byron Highway from Delta Road to
Highway 4.
V11. Geographic Information System (GIS) Mapping Project
The mapping project has been initiated by the state Department of Water Resources (DWR)
in an effort to obtain additional detail and updated information on Delta Islands and other
levee areas, to better coordinate emergency response Delta-wide. DWR has offered to
provide baseline information in exchange for finished maps. The County would need to
provide the funding for the in-house work to create these maps. Staff requests that it be
directed to determine the scope, content, and cost for the County to prepare GIS maps of
Delta islands and levee areas, in accordance with DWR's delta mapping project protocol,
and report back to the Board of Supervisors.
Levee Failure Mitigation November 9, 2005
County Administrator Page 12
Attachments:
1 September 14, 2005 letter from Governor Schwarzenegger to Senator Feinstein and
Representative Pombo
2. September 22, 2005 letter from California Congressional Delegation to Representative
Pete Stark
3. October 13, 2005 press release from Congresswoman Ellen O. Tauscher regarding
California Congressional Delegation's request for federal support for levee projects
4. Agenda and Testimony: Subcommittee on Water and Power October 20, 2005
oversight hearing on "Water Supply Vulnerabilities in the Sacrament/San Joaquin
River System"
5. Agenda and Testimony: Joint Committee on Emergency Services and Homeland
Security October 24, 2005 hearing on "Is California prepared for the big one:
earthquake, tsunami, wildfire, flood or an act of terrorism?" (Will be sent under
separate cover or distributed at Board meeting.
6. Agenda and Testimony: Assembly Judiciary Committee; Water, Parks and Wildlife
Committee; and Insurance Committee joint hearing on "Risks and Liability: Who is
Responsible for Avoiding a California 'Katrina,I and Who Will Pay if We Do Not?"
7. Agenda and Testimony: Senate Subcommittee on Delta Resources, Senate
Transportation and Housing Committee, and Joint Committee on Emergency Services
and Homeland Security joint interim hearing on "Thinking the Unthinkable—Are We
Ready for Major Floods in the Delta?"
8. Legislation:
a. Assembly Bill No. 1200 (Laird: Chaptered October 6, 2005)
b. Assembly Bill No. 1665 (Laird)
c. Senate Bill No. 264 (Machado: Chaptered October 6, 2005)
d. Senate Bill No. 1024 (Perata and Torlakson)
9 Report: Flood Warnings: Responding to California's Flood Crisis; The Resources
Agency, Department of Water Resources, State of California
ADDENDUM TO ITEM D.5
November 15, 2005
On this day,the Board of Supervisors considered accepting a follow-up report and approving
recommendations of the County Administrator on measures to prevent or mitigate future Delta levee
failure.
John Sweeten,County Administrator,turned the item over to Scott Tandy,Chief Assistant County
Administrator, saying that Mr. Tandy had coordinated this effort on behalf of a number of County offices
and departments.
Mr.Tandy noted that this report was the collaborative effort of Public Works,the Office of Emergency
Services(OES),the Sheriff s Office, Community Development,the County Administrator's Office,and
County Counsel.Mr.Tandy commented that this is an opportunity for the Board to become involved in
advocating funding and increasing public awareness.
Chair Uilkema suggested that the potential coalition of levee improvement advocates proposed in the
report include drinking water counties—those counties that receive drinking water from the Delta—in
addition to Delta.and Bay counties. She said CSAC might be a good vehicle for pursuing this. She asked
what funds are available in the Contra Costa Water Agency's account.
Roberta Goulart of the Community Development Department replied, saying that the Water Agency's
account is out of funds.
Chair Uilkema suggested that if the County is going to consider the Water Agency to lead these efforts,
the Board might want to consider referring the financing of the Water Agency to the Finance Committee.
In addition,, she suggested that petroleum,natural gas,and other pipeline-using carriers should be
involved in the process,as well railroad providers and shipping agencies that use the deep water channel.
She said the proposed coalition might want to look at levee maintenance fees that could be added to the
water bills of those dependent on Delta water, or at user fees for the commercial shipping industry.
Supervisor Piepho said that Contra Costa is in a very vulnerable environment and we need to manage that
vulnerability. She noted that costs for levee repair and mitigation that may seem high need to be
considered along with the knowledge that the area is a huge source of drinking water and agriculture.
Supervisor Gioia said that the County's role is to identify issues and to facilitate the efforts of federal and
state agencies. He said he would like to make sure that the State Department of Water,the Federal Bureau
of Reclamation,the Association of California Water Agencies,and the Legislators are all involved in the
process as stakeholders.
Supervisor Glover said we need to identify issues on the local level and step out in front in terms of
advocacy,but recognize that the responsibility lies with the state and federal government.He suggested
the issue of the Peripheral Canal may need to be revisited.
Supervisor Uilkema said she would expect staff to return to the Board if staffs consideration of the
Board's remarks today so warrants.
By a unanimous vote with none absent the Board of Supervisors took the following action:
ACCEPTED the staff report and APPROVED the recommendations of the County Administrator, listed
therein,on measures to prevent or mitigate future Delta levee failure;DIRECTED AMENDING
recommendation number six on page two of the report to include in related correspondence the County's
willingness to work with the Governor and the Congressional and State legislative delegations.
Attachment 1
September 14, 2005 letter from Governor Schwarz enegger to
Senator Feinstein and Representative Pombo
AOS
G7
GOVERNOR ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER.
September 14,2005
The Honorable Dianne Feinstein
United States Senate
331 Hart Senate Office Building
Washington,D.C. 20510
The Honorable Richard Pombo
U. S.House of Representatives
2411 Rayburn House Office Building
Washington, D.C. 20515
Dear Senator Feinstein and Representative Pombo:
We appreciate your interest and support for timely and necessary improvements to California's
extensive levee system. I am confident that we all agree that the flood catastrophe triggered by
Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans and other portions of the Gulf Coast brings a sobering
reminder of the staggering human and property toll that a major flood can bring. In California,
the two most critical levee issues are associated with the federal project levees on the
Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and their tributaries, together with the local levees in the
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.
The Sacramento metropolitan area has the lowest level of flood protection for any large urban
area in the nation. Other river cities such as Tacoma,Dallas, St. Louis, and Kansas City have
500-year flood protection. Even New Orleans hada 250-year level of flood protection.
Sacramento only has about a 100-year level of protection, a woefully inadequate level for a
major city and the capital of California.
In addition,there are over 700 miles of structurally questionable local levees protecting low
lying areas in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. While primarily protecting agricultural areas
and less populated rural communities,these levees also provide for the conveyance of drinking
water to over two-thirds of all Californians (almost eight percent of the US population) and
irrigate some of the most strategic and productive farmland in the nation. Future disaster
scenarios predict multiple levee failures in the Delta. Such an event would degrade water
quality, allow salt water to quickly intrude into the Delta and lead to an extended interruption of
state and federal water deliveries to the Bay Area, San Joaquin Valley, and Southern California.
This would have a huge negative economic impact on both California and the nation.
STATE CAPITOL•SACRAMENTO,CALIFORNIA 95814 9(916)445-2841
The Honorable Dianne Feinstein
The Honorable Richard Pombo
September 14, 2005
Page two
The state Department of Water Resources (DWR) staff,U.S.Army Corps of Engineers (Corps)
district staff, and the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency(SAFCA)collectively have
identified and prioritized the most critical levee programs for California that need federal
funding to help avoid a flood event like Hurricane Katrina. These programs were prioritized by
giving high priority to those programs that were closest to construction and those that addressed
critical issues relating to public safety or California's economy. Some of these projects may
already have partial federal funding scheduled in this year's budget,but are included dere:
Priority Project Proposed Federal Funding
1. South Sacramento Streams Project $ 10,000,000
2. Sacramento River Bank Protection Project $20,000,000
3. American River Common Features Project $ 16,000,000
4. Folsom Dam Modifications and Raise $24,555,000
5. HR2828 Delta Project Priority Study— 180-day study $ 500,000
6. Delta Risk Management Strategy(with DV*rR) $ 3,004,4U4
7. Levee Systems Evaluations(multi-year program) $ 8,000,000(first year)
8. Natomas Reimbursement to SAFCA $ 4,500,000
9. Mid-Valley Area Levee Reconstruction Project $ 3,300,000
10. Yuba River Basin Project $ 11200,000
11. Lower Cache Creek,Woodland $ 600-3000
12. Middle Creek Flood Damage Reduction and Ecosystem Rest.$ 1,000,000
The above projects are cost-shared with the state and local partners. We expect that both the
state and its local partners will be able to provide their share of the funding for these projects.
There are also many other important Corps projects that require federal funding. Correcting
deficiencies in California's levee system will demand a comprehensive and sustained effort.
More specific authority for the Corps may be prudent and necessary. Flood protection needs in
the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta involve three immediate actions:
A)The Sacramento River Bank Protection Project would construct improvements to the
levees protecting urban areas along the Sacramento River in FY 06.
B)The Delta Project Priority 180-day Study will provide Congress with a recommended
plan to address critical levee stability reconstruction projects and priorities as directed by
Congress in PL 108-361.
t
The Honorable Dianne Feinstein
The Honorable Richard Pombo
September 14,2005
Page three
C)The Delta Islands and Levees Feasibility study will develop the Delta Risk
Management Strategy(DBMS)as also directed by PL 108-361. The DBMS is an
expedited study that will address levee stability throughout the Delta and recommend risk
reduction measures that would be part of a long-term solution.
Reinvigorating the federal government's commitment to emergency response planning for levee
failures in the Delta and engaging in robust emergency response planning and pre-positioning of
resources are also crucial. The Corps had only a limited response to the Jones Tract Levee
failure in 2004,intended.to prevent flooding of adjacent islands after Jones Tract had failed. The
Corps did not participate in closing the breach or the pumping of flood waters from Jones Tract.
The Corps commitment to assist closing breaches or reclaim islands in the Delta during a flood
disaster is unclear. Congress needs to provide the Corps clear authority and funding that
commits the Corps to swiftly respond to levee failures and in reclamation of islands in the
aftermath of a flood disaster in the Delta. The Corps should fully participate with the state to
create an emergency response plan that:
• Includes early warning of storm events
• Rapid reconnaissance of distress
• Pre-positioning of flood fight and rock materials
• Planning for contracting for barges and barge-mounted equipment
• Planning for flood-fight resources
• A robust hydrodynamic model that helps analyze the effects of levee failures on water
quality which would help prioritize repairs of multiple levee failures
California is poised to assist Congress with further briefings on the status of our flood
preparedness challenges at your convenience. Thank you again for working on these critical
levee issues for California.
Sincerely,
Arnold Schwarzenegger
cc: The California Congressional Delegation
v •
` T
41P
Attachment 2
September 22, 2005 letter from California Congressional
Delegarion to Representative Pete Stark
♦ 41F
COn CA99; Of tbt MRittb 6tattl
I I
118-ao'n Ono MC 24.151.0
September 22, 2005
Th' e Honorably Fortn�tt Pete..Stark
239 Cannan HOB
Washington., D.C. 20515
Dear Representative Stark,
We Nv' na te to request your assistance in securing-funding on a.pr ority basi s to
increase,flood protection incur-State.
-a ibreech a m aj10or S4.0W.e believe that 'the prob bifities of a levee due
*cane�trina"has taught us that we
.earthquake, or deterioration remain �i�h. .�urr
.must prepare for such an event. In consultation,with the Amy Corps of Eng neers
and Gov�ernor Schwtarzenegger, we propose a,-Fiscal Year.2006 program that w-J.
pray*i de the Sacramentomea with. 100 year flood protection.and prepare for
work ' the�acrarr��n�o� Joaquin Delta levee system, which bave
construcaion- on. San
been identified by the G4vernor as the hizhest pnQrity needs in the State.
A major breach ire these levees could impend hundreds of thousands of
people and endaager most of the State's water supply.. We believe.i�.at the best-
Course of action.is to proceed expea.m.ously on the.-projecthat will Provide the
Most protection.to population_centers and infrastructure. It is our hope that tbe
delegation Nvillunitein a bipartisan fashion to movethese proposals fionvard in this
year's Ap�rapriatians cycle.,0
Ieqn redent weeks., Nve- have seen allloo clearly the,impart of inaduate. flood
pratectian in urbanu*zemd. areas.. 11e City of Sacramento has. th.ehighest risk of
0C
n
floodingcif-any major-c*ty in the country and-has suffered senous floodst�vi�e i
the last ten,years., The proposal below will in the next years.reintorce.:
Sacrarnento's levee system to
give it 1.LIQ-yew flood prat�etic�n and�idvance work
tin Folsom Dam that wid I I prop=rde 200-year pr+ateet on. It Ago I addresses the-risk to
areas around Sacrament+—likeYuba�Sutter,---khat ha�esuffered major floods.,
4W .........
A s'econd ri�a�or�lnie bi��ty Yder�tifieci bvA.h�Gjove�c�r is the- Sacrarr��nta-fan
Joaquin alta 1evee system. Tla:s networl�a�lew��prateet� same.oaf the m0
st
productive-ag�-iiicu��ural land i.�our����an. The impact of negIeting exn was
-demnstrated last year v�ith he'-Jones' "Tract flat�d. A��x��jor letiree fa.ilure in.the Delta
cQu�d be you it �y An earkhq�ake,hea. y w�inter rains like those in'Southem
California this yeas;Qr by tine at&det��iora#.Yc�n. �houId that ac�cur, brackish. ater
wQuldflcdAinto the'DeitA, inundatng hbm' es and..Ealm. land.and threaten.mg tht,:water
�upply for�tae Central Valley and S ouern C-ahfa�-nia.
Over 3 rr�i�i. on acres of farmland'and.over. 20,nu. ilfion people*depend on mater
$UPPIMS.frim ffie-Cen.tral Vadlqy. F�oje+�t and the State Water Pr' o*j*ect: In the event of
a,major Delta le'Vee" breach,these distribution s�ste�ns could lie inope��I� for
mQnths!or even.years. Clearly. disruption of water to attar$#rte's b-igg. .estind" st�r
�. and aur population-.centers wat�ld be.a staggering blow to our State end the NAtion.
Fortimate.y it is preventable.. The AmyCo s of Engineers has,aprogram o�short
and Icing term.risk assessments of Delta flc��d p�r+otection. With adequ�.�e funding-.
canstrirc�on cari begin o�the.most ix�un�d ate problems in FNt�.7,whI�e a Tong berm
strategyjs c�ev�lo�ed.
Be�Q is�e�'Y�t?6►�rogr�n that we.propose in�onsultatian:withGovemor
�c�uiarzer�e9-
1
er and tie Arrn�y+Carp$0. &��ngineers
. $ 10*0 xnillian:- Souk�acramer�to S�r�s
...........
...........
2W.. $10,0-nufflt�n-Sacramento Rive�r Bari Protc.ct on
I $ 16.0 million-American River Contmon Features
4. $. 15.0.million...-�.ri�erican River�`olsarn.Dani wise
5. $ 9,55 im.0ion.-Amer%�anJbi -Ver'Fo :som.� Dam Maid fications
�. $ -0.51M`llion- CalFod ,l80-day;�ev�e repoa-�drec�.ed:in FL 108-361
7. $ �.(�mi.11�on-Dena:Islands and Levees��a��bi��fiy study
to.co�t�uct'th�
De lta Risk'.�anag�ment S�rat�gy c�r�c�et����L 10�-361
8.4 nufflion--,Ltvees SysUM-EvAafion� and.P.E.M.A..ce-rh-*..fitati.o.n.`-p.r-ocess
_ 9 $ 4.$ r��.lc�n-Narnas Re�ri�bursem�nt�a SAFCA.
1,0*. $ 3.� million'.Iwo���-VaIley L�v�e R6,constru�ctor�
I 1� $ l,���l� aux= Yuba:River
12< $ a.�mill ion-Lower�ach�Creel�
I3. $ 4.4 �rnillon -Miiddle C��eek
.�
I: l*esFe
pra�ectsbe
w
*.i
i,
l
l
*cos-At
shred
M
46b
ys
ta
t
elac�la
n
d
ag
e
n
cie--
s.
Together
----o----
-u-
r:
delegationcan ensure that 1 ederap�.cipaton proceeds wfti the-urgency need
e
d
ta prevent a majord.sast�rin our great State. Please do not hesitaleto contact us to
discuss this proposal. _.
Sincerely,
D nFeinstein oxer
United Sates�enaIor United States Senator
Dons Wal:ly erger
1V� m�aer of C'ongress Mem.er 0
Mike,Thompson. Daniel E. Lux�rgren
Member of Congress Menber off'Ca►nga� ss
AttachmentsLetter-ftm-the Honorable ArnoldAmold of
Galyforna
Letter firom Colonel Rori Light,DisffictCo11ander, SacramentoDistrict,Anny Corpsof Engineers.s. j
7
............f.-
...........
Attachment 3
October 13, 2005 press release from Congresswoman Ellen O.
Tauscher regarding California Congressional Delegati*on's
request for federal support for levee projects
CONGRISSWOMAN ELLEN D Page 1 ot 4
W
CONGRESS OMAN
ELLEN O. TAUSCHER
10TH DISTRICT~ CALIFORNIA
1034 Longworth HOB-Washl"ngton, D.C. 20515-(202)2Z5-1880(phone)&(202)Z25-5914(fax)
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Hayley Rumback(202)225-1880
October 13,2005 http:/IWww.house.gov/tauscher/
California Delegation Members Call for Levee and Flood Control
Funding
Washington,D.C.—Today,25 members of the California Congressional Delegation urged support for essential Cdffornia
priorities in a letter to federal appropriators responsible for funding for flood control and levee projects across the
country.
"The Delta Levees ensure flood protection and a reliable source of dri water for over 22 million Californians-from
the North to the South.It is imperative that we gain a more thorough understanding ofboth the short azid long term needs
of the Delta Levees if we are to ensure the reliability of our most precious resource—water,"said Rep.Ellen O. Tauscher
(D-Alamo).
Reps. Ellen Tauscher,George Miller,Doris Matsui,Jun Costa,Dennis Cardoza,Tom Lantos,Linda Sanchez,Nancy
Pelosil Hilda Solis,Mike Thompson,Maxine Waters,Mike Honda,Zoe Lofgren,Barbara Lee,Grace Napolitano,Susan
Davis,Lynn Woolsey,Henry Waxman,Joe Baca,Anna Eshoo,Howard Berman,Xavier Becerra,Diane Watson,Brad
Sherman,and Pete Stark authored a joint letter to thea colleagues on the Energy and Water Development Subcommittee
of the House Appropriations Committee,highlighting flood control and levee integrity projects critical to prevent flooding
and disaster seen recently in the Gulf region.
"A major earthquake near the Delta or a severe break in Delta levees would cause significant flooding at great human and
10
economic cost for the Bay Area and the state. Congress needs to provide this funding before it's too late,"'said Rep.
George Miller(D-Martinez).
The joint letter calls on appropriators to recall the catastrophic damage wreaked on California by previous flooding,and
focuses on tree areas where flood control is essential,including the Sacramento region,Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
levees,,and Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basins.
"As we have seen from the various natural disasters around the world itis vital that we implement all necessary
precautionary measures in the effort to prevent such catastrophic effects,"said Rep.Jim Costa(D-Fresno).
"Investing in prevention is not a lesson we should have to learn.again. As we have clearly seen the price of not doing so
is far too high.With Sacramento the most at-risk river city in the nation,I hope Congress will make the decision to
prioritize public safety and direct these critical dollars towards our region's flood control efforts,"said Rep. Doris Matsui
(D-Sacramento).
"Hurricane Katrina was awake-up call for California and the Central Valley. We must act now to address our
vulnerabilities by strengthening the levee system. The threat is real and the consequences of inaction could be dire. I will
work with my colleagues in Congress to secure the funding necessary to protect the people of California from this threat,"
said Rep. Dennis Cardoza(D-Merced).
http://www.house.gov/tauscher/Press2OO5/10,-13-05.htm 10/25/2005
aONGRESSWOMAN ELLEN O Page 2 of 4
t
Full text of the letter is below.
Honorable David Hobson,Chairman Honorable Peter Visclosky,Ranking Member
Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
Dear Chairman Hobson and Congressman Visclosky:
In the wake of the devaft
station wrought by Hurricane K-A--!"a,all Americans are uniting to help ease the suffering and plan
for recovery.We pledge our support to this effort.
At the same time,it is clearly incumbent on federal officials to urgently look at how we can improve emergency
preparedness and reduce�e potential for catastrophic loss in the event of future flooding damage in other American
communities. There is no doubt that many of these high-risk communities reside within California;in fact,flood related
events account for 90 percent of all natural disasters in our state.That is why as Californians we are requesting-in the
most urgent terms-your support for federal funds for key projects to address areas in California with the greatest
potential threat of catastrophic flooding. In addition to the projects outlined below,we support the flood control priorities
articulated in the 9/22!05 letter by the bipartisan Sacramento regional delegation..
1. Sacramento region flood control
The number of people and the value of property at risk in our aging levee system in the northern part of California's
Central Valley are staggering.A prime ftmple of this persistent threat is in the Sacramento region.In comparison to
major river cities such as St Louis,Kansas City,and New Orleans which have significantly greater flood protection,the
levee and dam system protecting Sacramento is rated by the Army Corps of Engineers as only having protection against
the type of flood that can be expected in less than 100--years,and in some portions of the region itis even less than
that. This puts the risk of flooding in Sacramento among the highest of major urban areas in the country and most at-risk
river city in the nation.
0
While Sacramento may not face the threat of hurricanes like those recently experienced in New Orleans,the region faces a
very real.threat of flooding caused by increasingly common wet weather patters such as the"Pineapple Express."This is a
wenn front that blows in from Hawan' with heavy rainfall that soaks the ground and melts the spew in the Sierra
Mountain.Furthermore,the region is facing an indisputable shift in long-term weaker patters which renders projects built
just a few decades ago less than one-half as effective now on holding back floodwaters.The city's location,at the
confluence of the Sacramento and American Rivers,combined with mese climatological factors can overwhelm the river
banks exposing the Sacramento community to unacceptable risk.
The Sacramento floodplain contains 165,000 homes,more than 450,000 residents,businesses providing more than
250,000 jobs,and 1300 government facilities--including nothing less than the State Capital itself. Itis the huh of a six-
county regional economy that provides almost one million jobs for 2.2 million people..A major flood along the American
River would cripple his economy,putting at risk property worth close to$35 billion. The devastation of the floods of
1986 and 1997 are reminders of the great Sacramento faces,but also tell a story that the flood risk is only rising,as well
as the ferocity of the storms.
In FY06,the Sacr to region needs X70.55 million among five key Army Corps of Engineer projects to help put
the region on track for its short term goal of reaching 100-year protection and to keep other projects progressing
in pursuit of the long-term goal of 200-year protection. This level of protection is essential,and,with thousands of
lives and the seat of government of our nation's largest state at risk,the need for this critically important investment is
clear.
2. Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta levees
The extensive network of levees in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta also faces a significant threat A major earthquake
http://www.house.gov/tauscher/Press2005/10-13-05.htm 10/25/2005
CbNGRESSW4MAN ELLEN 0 Page 3 of 4
near the Sacramento Delta could certainly cause failure in as may as 201evees. The collapse of Delta levees would
disrupt,and trigger the contamination ot the drinking water source for 22 million Californians.Disruption of flus intricate
water delivery system would also have tremendous ramifications on the availability of irrigation water for more than
seven million acres of our state's highly productive agricultural lands.
Levee maintenance and upgrading
m the Delta is expected to cost$2 billion over the next decade.Fundinghas lagged for
the Delta levee projects.,but it is an investment that cannot be shortchanged. The CalFed Bay-Delta Program legislation
I's 0 * `
signed into law last year U $90 million for leveeimprovements in the Delta,including the reconstruction of Delta
levees;additional stability enhancement for levees of particular importance;and the development of both best
management practices and an Emergency Management and Response Plan.In fight of the experience of the Gulf Coast,
we urge that the Ca1Fed plan and its funding needs 6e:mong the top priorities for the 1119th Congress,and
Congresses to come until its projects are completed.
In order to assess short term needs!)the Ca1Fed legislation also required the Corps of Engineers to submit to Congress a
report outlining levee stability reconstruction projects and
Priorities in the Delta. The Delta levee stability report is
overdue and must be completed w all due haste as it will provide the information needed to immediately address the
weaknesses inthe Delta levee system.We request that at least an additional 5500,000 be made available in FY06 to
complete the required Corps report.
While the required study will provide valuable information about the Delta levee system,for long-term regional planning
we also support the following efforts:developing models for seismic stability of levees,creating an economic baseline for
the Delta,geotechnical investigation and analysis,public outreach,stakeholder coordination,and environmental analysis
of potential effects,of levee breaches and repairs.We understand the Senate version of the FY06 Energy and Water
Appropriations bill provides$900,000 for these efforts.However,we request instead that the Committee meet the
Corps'full FY06 capacity of$3 million for the modeling,baseline,environmental analysis and the other
endeavors. Itis imperative that full funduig be made available this fiscal year so as much of this effort can get underway
as soon as possible.
3. Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basins
Additionally,numerous areas throughout the Central Valley were devastated by the catastrophic flooding in January 1997.
This flooding caused record flows on many rivers and became one of the most costly flood disasters inCalifornia's
history,with damages at$500 million. The Corps of Engineers determined that flood damage improvements for the region
would cost$1.5-$3 billion.Reports have since shown that the system cannot safely convey the flows that it was formerly
considered capable of accommodating,and that the levee system has and will continue to deteriorate,increasing the flood
risk. We need Congressional assistance to make funding for improvements in these river basins a priority.
0
We appreciate that you understand these requests are not made for doomsday scenarios but for flooding threats that are
real.We are appealing to you on an urgent basis to support the necessaryfunding for these projects in the FY06 Energy
mg
and
Water Appropriations measures,and full Corps capability funding Of these projects in FY07 and subsequent years.
We look forward to working with both of you to address these crucial disaster prevention measures.
Sincerely,
Reps. Ellen Tauscher,George Miller,Doris Matsui,Jim Costa,Dennis Cardoza,Tom Lantos,Linda Sanchez,Nancy
Pelosi,Hilda Solis,Mike Thompson,Maxine Waters,Mike Honda,Zoe Lofgren,Barbara Lee,Grace Napolitano,Susan
Davis,Lynn Woolsey,Henry Waxman,Joe Baca,Anna Eshoo,Howard Berman,Xavier Becerra,Diane Watson,Brad
Sherman,and Pete Stark
http://www.house.gav/tauscher/Press2005I10-13-OS.htm 10/25/2005
Attachment 4
Report: Subcommittee on Water and Power October 20,
2005 oversight hearing on "Water Supply Vulnerabilities in
the Sacrament/San Joaquin River System"
t ,
Subcommittee on Water and Power
1324 Longworth House Office Building
October 20,2005
1:00 P.M.
AGENDA
Oversight Hearing on "Water Supply Vulnerabilities in the
SacramentolSan Joaquin River System."
Opening Statement of Subcommittee Chairman George Radanovich (R-
CA)
WITNESSES
Panel 1:
Panel ll:
Mr. Kirk Rodgers
Mr. Chris Neudeck Regional Director
Owner/Consuffing Engineer Mid-Padfic Region,Bureau of ReclamationKjeidsen, Sinnock&Neudeck, Inc. Department of the interior
Stockton,CaNfbmia Sacramento,California
The Honorable Mike Chrisman (Attachment A) Brigadier General Joseph Schroedel
Secretary Commander and Division Engineer,South Pacific Division
California Resources Agency U.S.Army Corps of Engineers
Sacramento,California San Francisco, California
Mr. David Guy
Executive Director
Northern California Water Association
Sacramento,California
Mr. Barry Nelson
Co-Director
Western Water Project
Natural Resource Defense Council
San Francisco,California
Mr. Dennis Majors(Attachment A)
Program Manager
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
Los Angeles,California
Committee on Resources-Index Page 1 of 1
--------------------------------- ..................... ------ --------------- ...........................
Opening Statement
The Honorable George Radanovich
Chairman
House Water and Power Subcommittee
"Water Supply Vulnerabilities on the Sacramento,-.San Joaquin River System"
1334 Longworth House Office Building
October 20,2005
Today's hearing is about teaming from the past and planning for the future. Every day,we continue to hear
about the impacts of Hurricane Katrina on Louisiana and the nation. Yet, our home region of California
could experience an even bigger natural disaster of monumental proportions.An earthquake or massive
flood in the Sacramento and San Joaquin basins could simply erase centuries of progress and leave a dire
future for our entire State.
These natural disasters are nothing new to California over geologic time, but what has changed is that we
can better shape our own destiny to withstand Mother Nature's constant assaults. Californians started this
effort with the creation of the Central Valley and State Water Projects, a series of storage reservoirs and
conveyance systems designed to control damaging floods and provide water and power to our family farms
and cities. Levees on the Sacramento and the San Joaquin Rivers and in the Delta have also been
constructed to control floods.
Yet, for each measurable amount of progress,we can also look back at our mistakes.As recently as 1997,
we watched as levees broke and people died because the Endangered Species Act put the elderberry bark
beetle before humans. Today, we continue to see how levee repairs are delayed and costs soar due, in
part, to the ESA. In addition—and sadly—we see that meeting our storage infrastructure needs continues
to lag behind our rapidly growing demand.As a result, we will face a major water crisis. Meanwhile,
Sacramento continues to have the worst flood risk in our country.
As we witnessed last year with the Jones Tract levee failure,we depend on a very fragile but integrated
water supply system. Those of us south of the Delta were impacted by this, so it's safe to say that what
happens in the Delta doesn't stay in the Delta. Like Hurricane Katrina, the Jones Tract situation is a wake-
up call that shouldn't be ignored.
The goal of today's hearing is to determine the very extent of our vulnerabilities and, more importantly, to
help find solutions that all stakeholders can participate in. Whether it's more infrastructure funding, more
levee improvements, more storage through CALFED, Folsom improvement or Auburn construction, more
planning and coordination and/or common sense Endangered Species Act changes,we ought to keep
everything on the table. We should find out what's working and what's not. Simply saying "no" is not going
to work. We owe current and future generations of Californians the very best in protecting their lives, their
property and their way of life. We may not find all the answers today, but I hope we can begin to agree on
an extensive roadmap to protection.
We are fortunate to have some of the very best and brightest testifying before us today to help us find those
answers. I look forward to hearing their testimony and working with them and my colleagues in this
important pursuit.
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/radanovich 102005.htm 10/25/2005
Committee on Resources-Index Page 1 of 4
..............
Man
STATEMENT OF
MIKE CHRISMAN, SECRETARY FOR RESOURCES
CALIFORNIA RESOURCES AGENCY
BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON WATER AND POWER,
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON RESOURCES
WATER SUPPLY VULNERABILITIES IN THE SACRAMENTO/SAN JOAQUIN RIVER SYSTEM
October 20, 2005
Thank you for the opportunity to address the Subcommittee on Water and Power on the issue of Water
Supply Vulnerabilities in the Sacramento/San Joaquin River system.
Long before the recent devastation caused by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita,we have known that floods in
California could cause damage much like the devastating flooding that took place in the Gulf Coast.
New Orleans hada 250-year protection level. But many cities in our state, including the Sacramento
metropolitan area, have only about a 1 00-year level of flood protection. In fact, Sacramento has the lowest
flood protection of any large urban area in the nation.
Flood damage in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys have cost property owners and taxpayers
billions of dollars over the past two decades. Our 1997 floods forced more than 120,000 people from their
homes, and damaged or destroyed 30,000 homes and 2,000 businesses. Last year, a single levee break on
Jones Tract in the Delta cost nearly$100 million for emergency response, damage to public and private
property, lost crop production, levee repair and pumping costs.
Even so, a burgeoning Golden State population is pushing new commercial and residential development
into areas that are historically susceptible to flooding.Yet the federal, state and local funding to maintain,
repair and upgrade our flood-protection infrastructure has failed to keep pace with our needs.
California 's old and deteriorating Central Valley flood management system was built primarily to protect
farmlands. But the system is increasingly needed to protect people living and working in the floodplains.
Today, Central Valley flood control projects protect more than half a million people, two million acres of
highly productive agricultural land, and 200,000 structures with an estimated value exceeding$50 billion.
And these numbers are increasing daily.
We need to protect Central Valley residents and businesses from the threat of flooding, and we need to
protect Californians from the enormous financial liability they face when these floods happen.
We can do this by making strategic investments in levee maintenance and improvements, educating the
public and local agencies about flood risks, and discouraging new development in areas of high risk unless
the flood control system is upgraded.
This past January, Governor Schwarzenegger through the Resources Agency's Department of Water
Resources(DWR) released a White Paper that detailed many of the existing flood infrastructure
deficiencies. It highlighted conditions that have created a"ticking time bomb"for flood management in
California.
The report indicates we should re-evaluate much of the flood control system to improve our floodplain
maps, many of which are inaccurate and out of date. Then, we need to rehabilitate levees to give our
communities an appropriate level of flood protection.
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/I 09/testimony/2005/Mikechrisman.htmmikechrisman.htm 10/25/2005
Committee on Resources-Index Page 2 of 4
If we do not, the consequences will be staggering.
The Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta is home to 400,000 residents, vital port facilities, major highways and
railroads as well as the state and federal water projects that provide drinking water to 22 million Californians
(approaching one-tenth of the entire U.S. population)and 7 million acres of irrigated land. It includes nearly
60 islands and tracts that lie below sea level, protected by marginal levees. In the past century, there have
been more than 160 levee failures, and we have adopted a solution of fixing them one by one.
Earthquakes are as common a natural condition in the west—particularly California as hurricanes are a part
of common atmospheric conditions in the southeast and gulf state region.A 6.5 magnitude earthquake on
the Coast Range-Central Valley Fault that meanders under the west Delta would produce more than 30
levee breaches on 16 Delta islands.
Thousands of residents would be threatened. Levee breaks would draw salt water into the Delta from the
San Francisco Bay–shutting down the State Water Project and the Central Valley Project, as well as water
deliveries to much of the San Francisco Bay Area. Major power and gas transmission lines would be
damaged, impacting power delivery to the entire state. State highways 4, 12, and 160 would be inundated,
creating lengthy detours and jamming other highways and freeways. Environmental damage to the Delta
ecosystem would be devastating.
Using optimistic estimates, the damage to the Delta would take more than 15 months to repair and cause
perhaps$20 billion in economic impacts. More realistically, several Delta islands would likely never be
recovered before Delta wind-driven waves eroded through miles of unprotected levees on the flooded
islands. This would result in permanent landform changes and water supply and water quality impacts with
perhaps$40 billion in economic impacts.
Consider an urban scenario, not unlike what happened in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. A large
regional flood could lead to levee breaches in several parts of Sacramento, inundating approximately 54
square miles. More than a quarter of a million people live in areas that would be inundated with at least one
foot of flooding; approximately 89,000 people live in areas with at least 6 feet of flooding; and 23,000 people
live in areas that would have at least 10 feet of flooding.
The number of causalities for this levee-failure scenario obviously cannot be predicted. But if the experience
of New Orleans with hurricane Katrina is indicative, the number of deaths in Sacramento could amount to
hundreds of people, depending on lead time and response. Damage to structures, contents, and other
property would be approximately$5 billion. Emergency response costs, cleanup, and long-term economic
impacts would be greater. Statistically, this scenario has a higher probability of occurring than what
occurred in New Orleans.
But knowing the problems we face, and with much public attention focused on this situation, we have the
opportunity now to improve our programs, invest wisely, and work together to make a difference for the
future.
In the short term, we need to maintain our existing systems. Then, we need to evaluate systems for long-
term viability. And for the long-term,we need to adopt systems to provide reliability, in a way that is
balanced with our resource demands.
Earlier this year, Governor Schwarzenegger's proposal to increase the state's general fund budget for flood
management by approximately$9.4 million was adopted in the final state FY06-07 budget. This is a 70
percent increase in state funding for levee maintenance and flood emergency response.
The Governor also just signed two bills that represent small steps to improve Sacramento-San Joaquin
Delta flood control efforts. Assembly Bill 1200 (Laird) directs the Department of Water Resources and the
Department of Fish &Game to study island subsidence, floods, earthquakes and other issues affecting the
Delta. Senate Bill 264(Machado)extends Delta Levee Subventions program for two years, but funding is
still lacking beyond June of 2006.
This year the Delta Levees Subventions Program will provide$4 million in state matching funds to help
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/mikechrisman.htm/Mikechrisman.htm 10/25/200_`
Conunitfee on Resources-Index Page 3 of 4
maintain and improve approximately 600 miles of levees. The Special Projects program will contribute
funding to make important improvements to levees on New Hope Tract, and the Department of Water
Resources will work with the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers to prioritize funding for new Delta levee work
under Public Law 108-361. Land use changes will be implemented on department-owned land to stop the
ongoing degradation of Delta soils
In a September 14, 2005 letter to House Resources Committee Chairman Pombo and Senator Feinstein,
Governor Schwarzenegger, together with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Sacramento Area
Flood Control Agency identified 12 priority projects and programs for California levee system that need
federal funding to help avoid a flood event like Hurricane Katrina(letter attached).
We believe that all of these projects are worthy of funding by Congress now to avoid a situation like we
have recently witnessed on the gulf coast and the state would be please to provide you additional
information on any of these projects. In addition to the specific projects listed in the letter, the following
activities are extremely important to ensure that federal, state and local flood management funding
decisions are strategic, long-term investments.
Delta Risk Management Strategy
For more than 30 years, the state has been working with local interests to maintain and improve Delta
levees by cost-sharing these efforts. Itis imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of those
risks to the Delta and to our infrastructure of statewide significance resulting from Delta levee failures.
Factoring in the potential for sea level rise, a major earthquake, and greater peak river flows caused by
global climate change adds to the urgency. Thorough understanding of risks and benefits is needed so that
reasonable policy can be made and implemented to preserve the Delta.
The Delta Risk Management Strategy will tabulate the benefits and hazards for each Delta island. It will
develop a thorough understanding of the data, and incorporate it into speer-reviewed risk analysis. This
assessment will also propose cost effective measures to manage the risk in both the short and long term;
identify land use changes to preserve the Delta; and develop a plan of action for future steps.
These actions will form the basis for changes in policy that will guide the use of state funding for Delta levee
improvements into the future.
HR-2828 Delta Project Priority Study
The Department of Water Resources and Department of Fish &Game are working with the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers to provide swell-coordinated report to Congress that will prioritize funding for combined
federal, state, and local cooperation to improve the Delta levees. This report will detail the importance of
specific Delta levees to both state and federal interests and provide the justification for up to$90 million in
new federal funding for improving the Delta levees.
Emergency Response Planning
Reinvigorating the federal government's commitment to emergency response planning for levee failures in
the Delta and engaging in robust emergency response planning and pre-positioning of resources are also
crucial. The Corps had only a limited response to the Jones Tract Levee failure in 2004, intended to prevent
levee breaches of adjacent islands after the Tract had flooded. The Corps did not participate in closing the
breach or the pumping of flood waters from Jones Tract. The Corps commitment to assist closing breaches
or reclaim islands in the Delta during a flood disaster is unclear. Congress needs to provide the Corps clear
authority and funding that commits the Corps to swiftly respond to levee failures and in reclamation of
islands in the aftermath of a flood disaster in the Delta. The Corps should fully participate with the state to
create an emergency response plan that:
• Includes early warning of storm events
• Rapid reconnaissance of distress
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/Mikechrisman.htm 10/25/2005
1
Committee on Resources-Index Page 4 of 4
• Pre-positioning of flood fight and rock materials
• Planning for contracting for barges and barge-mounted equipment
• Planning for flood-fight resources
so A robust hydrodynamic model that helps analyze the effects of levee failures on water quality
which would help prioritize repairs of multiple levee failures
These action items are important steps for the state and federal government. Much more needs to be done.
As partners,we need to work harder and invest more resources to ensure that California achieves the
comprehensive and sustainable levels of flood protection that it needs and deserves.
One of the lessons we should take from recent events is that investing in flood management programs,
including levee maintenance activities and emergency response, is a lifesaving investment that should not
be ignored or postponed. We look forward to working with you to achieve this goal. Together we will be able
to make a difference.
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/I 09/testimony/2005/Mikechrisman.htm 10/25/200%.
TESTIMONY OF CHRISTOPHER H.NEUDECK
BEFORE THE U. S.HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
COMMITTEE ON RESOURCES
SUBCOMMITTEE ON WATER AND POWER
OVERSIGHT HEARING ON WATER SUPPLY VULNERABILITIES
IN THE SACRAMENTO/SAN JOAQUIN RIVER SYSTEM
October 20,2005
1 am Christopher H.Neudeck, a California Registered Civil Engineer. I have worked for
over twenty-four(24)years as an Engineer for various Reclamation Districts in the
Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta. My experience includes levee design, floodlighting,
levee break
repair,dewatering, levee rehabilitation and improvement and routine levee maintenance.
Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta
The Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta.is the tidal area where the Sacramento and San
Joaquin Rivers and their tributaries meet Suisun Bay as part of the San Francisco Bay Delta.
Estuary,the largest estuary on the West Coast of the United States. The Delta comprises more
than 738,000 acres in five counties. The Delta's 700 miles of waterways surround more than 60
leveed tracts and islands where land elevations vary roughly from more than ten(10)feet above
sea level to as much as twenty(20) feet below sea level. The lowest lands are in the agricultural
portions of the western Delta where pockets of organic soil continue to subside primarily due to
oxidation of peat. The Delta is an extremely fertile and productive agricultural area,its 700
miles of meandering, sheltered waterways provide for a recreational wonderland,its channels
serve as the hub of the deliveries of water from north to south and store and provide for the
capture of surplus natural flows, and it is the State's most important fishery habitat. The Water
Education Foundation reports an estimated 25 percent of all warm water and anadromous sport
fishing species and 80 percent of the state's commercial fishery species live in or migrate through.
the Delta. Contained Within the Delta are the cities of Antioch,Brentwood,Isleton,Pittsburg and
Tracy and numerous unincorporated towns and villages. Major cities partly within the Delta are
Sacramento, Stockton, West Sacramento and Lathrop. Attached hereto is Table 7 from the 1993
Delta Atlas prepared by the California Department of Water Resources which provides Delta
statistics
Since 1990,urban development has greatly expanded. Recreational uses have also
expanded but at a lesser rate. The conversion of Delta agricultural lands to other uses includes
major areas set aside for wildlife habitat. In 1992,the State established the Delta Protection
Commission which essentially precluded urban development within the'Delta Primary Zone"
shown on the attached map. This area which is primarily devoted to agriculture has the least
ability to pay and contains some of the more challenging levee problems,
Recognition of Need for Delta Levee Action
Although the State and Federal interest and need for action to upgrade Delta levees has
been clear for many years, significant State and Federal assistance has been basically limited to
disaster assistance until 1984 when the State committed roughly Ten Million Dollars per year to
the State Delta Levee Maintenance Subvention Program. One-half of the funds went to special
projects of the California Department of Water Resources and the other one-half to a local cost-
share program where after the local district expended$1,000.00 per mile of levee the State would
reimburse up to 75%of the cost. Due to limited availability of funding,the State failed to
provide its full cost share and the typical reimbursement has been about 50%to 60%. Funding
0.0
for this critically important program will end on June 30,2006.
Although the federal interest in agriculture,commercial and recreational navigation,the
Stockton and Sacramento Inland Ports,highways,railroads, electrical transmission lines,natural
gas storage,utility pipelines, anadromous fish,. migratory waterfowl, and fresh water supplies as
related to the Delta is and has been clear,the non-disaster federal contribution to maintenance
and rehabilitation of the non-project levees in the Delta has been directed primarily to studies.
The U. S.Army Corps of Engineers Draft Feasibility Report and Draft Environmental Impact
Statement-October 1982 reports that the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.Investigation began in
1962. To date the studies have failed to produce any physical work.
There Is A Real Need To Secure Funds That Will Result in Immediate Placement of Dirt and
Rock On Existing�Levees To Reduce The Risk of Levee Failure
The most effective way to accomplish this result is to contribute funding to the already
ongoing State Delta Levee Maintenance Subvention Program which is administered by the State
Reclamation Board through the California Department of Water Resources and California
Department of Fish and Game. The program allocates funding for reimbursement to local
agencies based on categories. Category 3. includes expenditures to achieve the Short Term
Hazard Mitigation Plan Standards and Category 4 includes expenditures to achieve the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers PL 84-99 Delta levee standards for agricultural levees or the
comparable Bulletin 192-82 State Standards.
Attached hereto is a sketch depicting the PL84-99 Corps of Engineers Delta levee
standards. Most notable is the variable landside levee slope or"backslope"which is dependent
upon the depth of peat. Achieving the PL 84-99 Delta agricultural levee standards is feasible and
would reasonably reduce the risk of levee failures,
Recommendation
Itis recommended that federal funding be directed through the U. S.Department of
Interior Bureau of Reclamation to supplement the State and local funding of the State Delta
2
Levee Subvention Program and to supplement the State Delta Levee Special Project Program.
A federal contribution of Ten Million Dollars per year should be made to each of the two
0
Delta levee pro - commencing as soon as possible to assure that the programs will continue
past June 30,2
The contribution to the State Delta Levee Subvention Program could be limited to
achieving the Category 3 Short Term Hazard Mitigation Standards and Category 4 PL 84-99
Corps of Engineers Delta.Levee Agricultural Standards with the proviso that federal funds will
be used with state funds so as to result in the local cost share for such categories of no more than
ten(10)percent. The match with state funds should be left to resolution between the state and
federal agencies but should not delay or preclude the investment of the federal funds. If, for
example,the state is unable to fund its share,then federal funds should be allowed to be
expended with the local ten percent(10%)match to accomplish the desired work as soon as
possible. The adjustment with the state in recognition of past state expenditures in the program
without federal contribution can,if necessary,be accomplished in future years.
The contribution to the State Delta Levee Special Projects Program should also involve a
match with state or local funds but the emphasis should be on immediate investment of such
funds in accomplishing the needed work on the Delta levees.
In some cases even at ten percent(10%)the local reclamation districts maybe unable to
fund their share. The federal funds should be provided with some flexibility to reduce the local
share even below the ten percent(10%)based on an ability-to-pay analysis similar to that already
being used by the state.
Levee Break Response Plan
The Delta levee rehabilitation should be viewed as an ongoing process resulting in
gradual but increasing stability. Although the risk of levee failure will be reduced, it will never
be eliminated. Local agencies can help floodlight but do not have the financial ability to repair a
levee break,dewater the flooded areas or otherwise undertake major restoration work. Once a
levee break occurs,the assessable base of the local agency is of little value. The opportunity for
possible reimbursement through currently structured disaster assistance or similar types of
programs does not provide the cash necessary to accomplish the work. Given today's costs,only
a state or federal agency has the financial capability to adequately respond to a Delta levee break.
A plan for immediate response by a state or federal agency once a levee break occurs is essential
to containment of the damages. The plan should provide for restoration of the public facilities to
the point that the local agencies can financially and effectively resume operation and
maintenance. Emergency response regardless of the type of emergency should not involve a
debate on policy. Immediate"no holds barred"response to arrest the threat should be the goal.
3
ri
There is no reasonable alternative to preservation of the Delta leveeMt systems.
Although there are numerous levee systems protecting separate islands or tracts of land in
the Delta,there is a critical interrelationship of such systems. For the so-called lowlands which
are areas below five feet above sea level the flooding of a particular island or tract will result in
seepage into adjoining lands, levees and embankments. The generation of wind waves across
large open bodies of water also creates a serious threat to adjoining facilities. As demonstrated
by the June 2004 flooding of Jones Tract, the seepage and wind waves from flooded areas can
result in the failure of adjoining levees,railroad and highway embanlanents and major utilities
with a real potential for a do * o-type impact.
Due to the resulting depth of water flooding of Delta islands or tracts will not result in
shallow marsh habitat but rather Will result in the creation of a large lake or bay. The areas
abutting such a lake or bay and particularly those which are developed will suffer from rising
*"%
groundwater tables. Abutting levees and embankments ents will have to be raised and fortified.
Another important consideration is the preservation of fresh water supplies. The Delta
a a
levee systems are critical to the efficient control of salinity intrusion from the Bay into the Delta
which is the hub for water deliveries throughout the state. There is also a huge increase in
evaporative loss when an agricultural area is left in a flooded condition. *The commonly
recognized."rule of thumb"is that 2 acre feet per acre more of fresh water will be lost from a
flooded area than from the same area subjected to farming. Attached is a copy of the 1976-77
Estimated Crop Et Values for the Delta Service Area reported by the Department of Water
Resources in Bulletin 168- October 1978. A comparison of the various crop types to the item
for"Riparian Veg. &Water Surface"displays the potential impact. If for example 460,000 acres
of Delta.lowlands were allowed to be permanently flooded.,the additional fresh water loss would
be about 9202000 acre feet per year. To replace such a loss particularly in a dry year would
require the entire yield from a number of very large dams.
The alternative of an inland saltwater bay with the resulting salination of groundwater
basins,adverse impacts to fish,waterfowl habitat and recreation and loss of Delta pool storage is
also not a good choice,
immediate action is in the best public interest,
Dated: October 18, 2005
-4- k
C ST ER H.NEUD K
4
1
�,.7+<"�'��A��,f'r'"���"tet w..ti,. •.rpni5:�= :r.•"yR'••
tto BAGRAMENTO
"""��� is iT � ,:<•�,,rV
��r�•:3r!f.
5 t}
t
tr
'•r
3 AV t
_,ra•f
i
LTA SERVIC RE
A
tt
C 4'
4,
.; fpr ��'�' ..wp►
DE A BOUNDARY
.. �;o,
'i
~
Iiia�`?�1fq�•
99
sZ jy'6 gar
�c�esia� i(},.;� .• It! N% ;xc-''::;mss:.
r^u� • F r ff lift L 1 A- 't4!4 '�0.' :.i'tt►.
`.:i �.r�errz
"�"�'� {i• rf 3s
Ab
I LAND
LODI e
'2
1«��.�:a.:'.k,�•�J '�.� � Jam,,.
«.
- Y_190
M••r I
COO
�r i
�, Ate,,/,.f �. ""'',�:l� � �• .,�� •M..� �:.�••� •��' -J�,,,.
WAC
JNI
.;� � l}? �'M,�.lMi '��h t ,. �'lt'�,•ac•';.'� :�rti,r� ,f pct, r'"'"
�..•✓"��#� �t'r�9k-:, •;;`. V%4,�.r� y#j-�:`'•:•,,a' /►�f,u,I IY'�►�`:•� t�i�"« �y
Y •�.- �'' •. .. f .N•%',..•.a:'.v,i V*..�r, .- r.+71nrFw::s.o:•rNdw+.+ �?
_ � � R�..i.r' � ���M �'�i•� � E{is a �',� �.z�w,yr[ "tivw'�"'k�� Z�Ar�•t' 'sok}'�.i
if pf
�►�''� ��•:•'.�; I �'w/:y.•'�Ylv+•+••�+4:;ir} �1.�� .c,.. .fir r ..f
r t !�'•::Aj!R'MM I,�9w. .4•�-'�"'�1 :a sa yp�'�'
. �+^+��t if•• t. lt?f �.�
f +'''hi+R+w�i r�•�..��� t �:..rt+n�ll�fEcw:1�.i1F4# �w �.�,�.
sRw;tfR ra y r•s."-:w*..ae!!?f. ?, ar�"'"^111 SYC"TQ
at it ic.4t
V J
✓�-7rTMwM�i�11;'irMt `. .'.y�(.
i � p'� �a►x'•�!1F ��<,<wl��•, �.f"'"i 'iy.;�r y. �;,
4e I
Zoo
Vy �� � F. •t
LEGEND � .+�►. ,. I
t. �rw ,Wy �Mr4 :::lam K 1`}.yam #H o r:..
��- Delta Boundary-Section 12220 of the
MANTECA e
Water Code. �`A Av
Delta Service Area-The area that is w► «"�';
irrigated from nearby
Delta channels. •i'JEGtri+c+�� .
Delta Uplands-Those lands above the five-foot oc^.V�.�r :
wA>e�"t e:+Nt�iei"'s+M�Q�'r r
th.,s:L w=ta^4£ ito C'3��3tio"',. �►;.
v
Delta Lowlands-Those lands approximately at the
five-foot contour and below.
'•:.,��� Ike ::
SACRAMENTO-SHIN JOAQUtN DELTA ��•: ,� :.�;;
? 0 2 s
�r
SCALE!M MILE!
The Legal Delta - }
Sacrament Sart Joaquin Delta Atlas Department(.-)f lVa-lter Resources
' s
s {
y J
i1
yM1 .•R4• !
•8ACRAMv1**`0
f��,y �lMr.wr•vnn^"+a :::rte:::•
r w" /
0 art 1
i.i%•r•�.�.•.'l a ra '•7':Y}.:.•1 .�Lr.,•� �'
Y. 4 { 4 4 •' L
N 4r
r4'ti. 4".. 7`„{r,.{.?.i: y �.;'•v :r:.,.::'r.;:ir:!i},:i, ::2.:,is•.}.,:. :tr;.' ,'i'<°{E:?��'�•tiv:
•`'• r,� r 'y'•'�?L Srr,Y 1. ,• .k. v 1 4,� "�" 1.J y`{r1 Y•k.
'Mv 'V4�:. Y}y'}�t��Cy'{ }�'t ''p .K{ .. y{.{v <y��'•'k' ir�t,•r�r 1.r}•
'� s { '! .1 'yY r 5 k :y .d�,.;,} :K...•f! i r J:.X r�1 .
>•,t ,�{.djC' {r r'9G�: d '''iS�'f yy '}�,f•{a J't•1? 4•. 'T' L ?;'^:. `'�:r'�}::4{9}
L' i}sa2•A,s � �!a'{ ••, ,{r -4S'•vr � 1 y}. - .�p� }t {{.,.r.S�'.S.....
4,},.r y�r Y. -J.} }v1{•'rC•'1�n n' J}i} 'vj y''•}'+'
A ''•{�
+�.:• Y
' r y b{:`}..r. .h''4 _ r rfy,. {�4W..�}r}��.�}4 •fi{•vt••''YQh'''}
:J L 1' '✓(tet: d•fiS��yt�ir J�iy y:}�`¢ti.
DAAKfn KL C<.• f..Y.:::... f.:: f t Mr li^Y `}koa
'uw►! �: kya }: {iM r. s rdT�•,'{•: y ,< rY'. y .
ilea
M.
low L
OWW
q •} L t4r-�. L f
f. J •.'t 1 1 '•{•:?:{, YM r} •. ;•a:•}•.,•M1'::...!...:1:": -x,{1.r
• V L f•
'r: :vi.`?} 'v•. .ky:{.,'({Y;... ;:r;....• i.W ya•,:•.•};•:••;•,,L:i i7':{.•Y .d'; .}'.: _
WAW
49
♦.• 1 A+:" yy•{'` ''<�v;'Ca.:M{Yfi •':'�: AVY''{ }•{.}��y':'�.,`,+�:..• 1Y'• +''
��' }i r1 1'r:+ { A.?µd '{•.:;.;iN.Y �t i r.;':f{,:,.:''•Qy''•':',.,,:i:�•." �+
:•::''• :;•..Y•'.. '%;: �::Y*•%!:.Y.:`•'�.. 1{y •4• •v. '�;r.::•{ �eY.•''$:::v{i..?y%•;•r::'}":Y�:•3.,
�� is i r .A � r r•�7}if:${C,T::':•' ,
::iti:: ':j.,1✓;.v¢?{r.,r�, 'Cis. r'' '4`v'. ''i F�"
J r r L% ;A'4:fi':' „�' Y: .Y,' L v' Y,• •• .
}}ti��} }'",i +� sb: 'v}. r�t:� �.,,t��> 1 Lr;:::r {'rry.$":.I(,•.1rt r
;i� � �� r.} y ?�✓A r} .` 4 t• rA �} �•' •}:} ..y�ySJSL t*:'•:?'d'• �`y��'.�,'r��•4'{"',}io
'/Ar�'•1� r'!:Ct. {r ?r r:.,h rr •,y4ti.•�,•r��w,•.'JLr i}" yy�L`. ?� ,.r;.;...,:. ♦ 5
�''{ ii Yy 6 '•.Y`• r yr��', •ra..••'iQ;tij. r {Y
A: Y•. . •r.4{k•. ••i• y"g?{�;p}-"} •$4{"d�•}I� . .
•'� t � �::'r,', ,•�.'y��`t>�L'//: •t. }'�•k�',:?;}�.i' vfiYr v'•,�.., ,}�•„�{•4S.'';,?e`'•y,.:?,
`��yI•�,. �r � `*?`1••✓,�� :{ : y�,r���y��.f, :'�A';YL' ::Y'�',; :+• 14Y)
'4pM.� � ,ti•{,• {¢ �7p 4"r• 1••fi �. r. .l:.{:d '?C?•.'• hr,y:}.i:<:`v`
,..�"��'!�.r �':�nv,,:., r,ti..d{.}1`•.ti:.:.iY,}'� tr7 � F
}S'' •Ott: .:•A .•,. •• ti,''Yr.y1;�:f'r:'}}�}':'Yl.J
SS! J.:• AL 1. r y.•,�•,..
' . .rd�l'f4r''^S�1',�+.....ww'rwre'' _-^a i�V�y�`•r;���'A�.: Y?!1'••�'Ny��'•.,?.�!'.�yy4'.�,r}.y•_':,rMM1r.
�.Ya�Fl'•'{%�..r41.rK�'A�'.•if.!ir41�.,s:.�}'L l-••a•�{`..a:?:�y'•.•'t�:4??i•'.'.7,?•\:.-•:`�Y:ry.'_'rr 1'r���''4':.1.•'+i4`J,A.rk}}y.1',,4:�C•}{::•.�;r�•'�.L'{L,c}„':�••>L:m:4{'••��.•$qi..iy1A+,;.�;-rr7,.4'rfiri}r"�y:;y:r"'•f,}Y}'r`k,L`.ry.•4+�{C•yf11 vY,:�`+yt...✓Cr4?,y..f�1.4•/:}..`.:;r��:�:;'1:4dc.i.fr}k,1gy.f�y}1r{:;ry�•,Y:f;�::}{�r:�,f�q�7}':}':;4�}•{{i•;1•:��y'}tr}��yr'.!]{j/k}+j:.
�r Yi;''x•,v'�,;�'••:r`:x't�:.Y�i,'r�.tL.:Y0'�•+.v''��^J{r••r.f."jf.•�yy`v;i''•'G•rr.S.,•�r'::Li�v'h':r.r�:•`:�..\ii•M:4 f-NY�'�r,w3Lii�fY•'`.,•a:r{1•}.w1yt'b•y:?~{•1!�.�.•4..••,.:J..*I-�},,•.•N{r•_y'.:}17Lt:r4.',4:�Mf�}.?'Yt7•`'�j l;►{d,`�`,•tir':''1Yi,p}.;r.tr1..invti•'y.,}•7.x�{k•,'.;y}d'.,r5��'{'�'•tSrti.�'.r'/p•r?,.dq<L•,r'.�4•v•:•�:}'x�I:..•r'��fY{�.'tih+."••.4•y,;r.T•:�,}%•,4.4}�.1-+:.'{•:.♦.
�r•Y.}•.•':r r,,-�'''•r�,::•:;,:};n,l�,Jy4y'.�'1ir;y•Y'.•{
''�.••,/M;;1'!�•'maY{.:�y}}�.rY�y��r:.ajT�'S:t,�liyy��.`f•'.:•.}r Lv;r�.'.'.,:�s,r}'1�yT:{•{,1�`fl,':.yF•:t•4},,";U.i�'4'r{K L:"•a�r•'{'f,�.L:?'•+'}.!yY,f"Yri•'�4{:4'.f,j::y}::'~.f+i:1'r,;':•:,•:.{'';''..'•:''•.��•'a:q'C••,',':'''66j���.V.•4�r�„}7.�•,.;1 d'1•.•::?.,•C L'F}S.i''fY S�}::%���{1.i{.{,4?:S..`,W'{••'(.r•J;}.•f�:r_
r)r•r,ir�:".�:.v"�k,.--•.nr+}...,�„{�.{:r';yA.'�'ri+:rr•.,r.r''l..''•.rL�f�,r'J;,4{`•}+{}•iiY:•:•',:,'yr iti y•;s.L':s i:�}..}:;<��:'''3r Y,':�:Y`�{�i��✓'.•{rnY{,q'•'r�'.{y.•Yy�^(''::a�'I•+::.+'t.1•',,�?4frkZry.•r'"c..�•.,.'4y"r2M•'.":!,�i�}'�S1.^�{YrrGvaN}+4S�°Y:f�1•:~'f�L ySt11 M{l{�NL•1},�y•'��r��••�y+�4•1'r�i J1..14;y�.1'�•,•';Y,+.S..{!_.�$',^�:;�.}��'.•$�rr'''}{'•41.y-.y:;.{r.,�{{d�;•A�;'`.:::;ry•:.f:Y rL,••y}r:¢l3Y'{'1:•`uy•'�,��y:�^:�f'rit•i:C.;r•l''fr",:✓'•i'4{k.•✓,`�t.JYt,{!:•:.+,-�{:L``{J':e
..f:.}"%='•1,:'•{':.t'"{.'4y31:j.r�i,f".•.✓:y.'�r,r�R::'•�..a�}•✓.•v.;1•.•.''�.:i•:.y.Rr;t}•i4✓Y.♦Y1..•{�.':r''i.n Y..�}�'..''.;{ry�•4}1{'{1'1�4{hAhr✓i r•`•:{.y,��..�{•.•1}TV+�r»`i,�,'Y'y�r'•}}r:•"i>1"{•$i',::f}.:•Z:`v:.v�::}:Pr',,j•':;,,:.'1:A<yry.:;'•{?ti�r'.{Y•'•rd'i�?•+:4•::�4x'�•C'r,r¢rjfi'r}.}.}Lti:'.�'r•f:,•ny.rY•?��:i.•;•w�C•r'•,:fr1:..r�.y'�.'1•r'.'�:`J.•''>•i{'•'•i(�;•''{:r{,:;•4}'�
l4J•iJwtii•S•"'1.}J�•A:^;,•r'•.{yK•{,S.'";.'iT.,:Q,..i,ti'};Lfi.,{�.;Y.•'fi•�,J1,':•}.r}.rJ..�.•::::y'`rr�e,�,
�'.J"+rY.,4./r:�ytv{r3'}•rt'?p:,r.y�r[:^�K••.vv'}c.`uL•et}}.:r;+kkyr1i1•nv1r„r.,ky.."k:;}FJ:%r�.i
7r"trY:Y`5:,:4Y4.,".�.`A r1'S?'.,;:_{.;C.<G•L x•.'.1�i:j•A•Yl,:.w,.Y`~.+.`•'''y<.`F✓�Y r,'.^N.-?4:1}',C;<'�•r7r{}r.}:',
.:,k0
:�:r•:•f,::{•YY1r;.
{:;JS-yri4Y11}Y{,.�1RS;,.i..i�1•,
1i;}.{•YS4:{.:
R:,;�:rL�,�Ey•'•{yn::{.r:�.-r%Ytikb
:'✓;;w4r�4�;{ErA.
r{}Y:4.,•ItiT:�r.r•,•{{:��'1',}MTtir�`
4,..C:'b°•?{`r�.r}Ar�'•N.:'l1•+.Y;r7'':{F,}'�r,"•1'i.r�.,TL-'.Y,•N1l�;'•7:-a:
G
4C�Q
**ACT
S•1,{Y,
•Y}y'�
•}}':,r1}:'i fi��«v.,•'"::,'=•'1{.*y�o.::S^'•`y'fi'?Jr•�i.2Sr S:tit,,�{�',;�:'r';*�'
',,J::..:4.'.'•.•::::.�;:,�{,14:rYti\::A'r+J}h�N'i'��.'1-'y`.}}.•}ar•�.i�d
•ri•{}.�'�•�:•IEi.•..i?✓3::"'`1:V•.t�;':�:f{,?�!•.
:•:,i.t':�.:.
:
.{{1,•Y.:1.f'L•�4''w!?:Y:r..:iv:•,••'.':.:r.•:;K;:.!fi•-;J•r-:-'.}'.{'.:'E.r+•A r.
•
}.':;,•::':/••.,..�tr,•,j.,:.wy�Y,:
.•.'
"•,!.':n�
•:
�}
'
}
f:.•�
4J
ti':•.;4?:..
:•:+.•�.3•r
db�Y,�►/
}{.
!yw„.rys�ti,wf
bow
'ea/'
ITTs11URd y
IR
P-11
F.P.0 4kµ `+9 STOCKTOyN
x.4
1a
1MAC1 {
Uf ivMAN1�T
.
.LE.r'.•
.C�1*.
,A
'
46
HARVEY
DELTA PUMPINO PLAN 00110�4.
HARVEY d BANKSK•A Y
Gas
tv
GEN} PUMPINa PLANT
Delta Boundry.Section TRACY
12220 M The Water Code U
SACRAMENTO SAN JOAOUIN DELTA
0SCALE•MILE• Delta Primary and Secondary Zones
Sarrarexo-Scin Joaquin Delta Atlas Datment of Wept x'"
w
4fi.1w/:•'
r.r
N�Resources
68 '
:
St
M •
..�� •v ;rr,� Yr`�. :yi
{ {• •x f. {t 1.��.•7. .r`,.• y r!••y.+t�_-�_"...4r.•• _ •{H_1c.yj}.. f:;f f t}}'..
•r '{Y ?y i..{:r 7,'},',.' r;.: •''v,4. :�•,f. Ah•4'.r•�. f••+ r r•�•.i jv.
� {v.
,h.
r=
-j•J:
Y•
r Y:•r ii
r i•r ... py rr.....!..•. L r... '.... �y. ••� .1. .. ' �.M• �{. •l{:�. ..}•'r• f t tY..�{•••Z...•-.•!•.vi...•". .... :I�. ..
t r �.. 4G`}::..r r:. •�•:rrrf'r %IY 1•r.N.i J �i:.:_.• Vii'. .... .h
T ble 7
Delt St tistics
P.J I
PA
•+xe. n r{;s:r.:;�pi¢:::x'. •.r,�:; :ds. .j4:;;t:�^r...:.•+:?2LK: •. .. .,�....•` ..."�,�.�t..:Y.•...ryi�.rs �Ca�.. �:k::::.;:,:;:.r•.':a�33.':•ad•.t{S•:.`•.�.�':'t:-:oc:,.•
Population: 410,000(1990)
Counties: Alameda,Contra Costa,Sacramento,San Joaquin,Solano,Yolo
incorporated Cities Entirely Within the Delta: Antioch,Brentwood,isleton,Pittsburg,Tracy
Major Cities Partly Within the Delta: Sacramento,Stockton,west Sacramento ~--
Unincorporated Towns and villages: 14
r
{ry
:t
Area(acres., Levees(miles, f987):
198?�.
Agriculture 520,000 Project 165
Cities and Towns 35,000 Direct Agreement 110
Water Surface 50,000 Non-project 825
Undeveloped 133,0010 Total Nfil+es 1,100
Total Acres 7389000
Rivers Flowing into the Delta: Sacramento,San Joaquin,Mokelumne,Cosumnes,Calaveras (These rivers plus their tributaries
carry 47 percent of the State's total runoff.)
Diversions via Aqueducts Through or Around the Delta: Diversions Directly From the Delta:
San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Western Delta Industry
East Bay Municipal Utility District City of Vallejo
1,800+Agricultural Users
Contra Costa Canal
State water Project
Central Valley Project
Recreation:- User days annually 12,000,000 Transportation: Interstate Highways: 5,80,205,
Registered Pleasure Boats 82,000 State Highways: 4, 12,160
Commercial Recreation Facilities 120 Railroads: Southern Pacific,Union Pacific,
Public Recreation Facilities 20 Atchison,Topeka&Santa Fe,
Private Recreation Associations 20 Sacramento Norther
Berths 8,500 Deepwater Ship Channels to Sacramento and
Docks 120 Stockton transport 5 million tons of cargo
Launch Facilities 30 annually.
Agriculture(1990):
Average Annual Cross Value=Over$500 million
Main crops: Com,Crain and Hay,Sugarbeets,
Alfalfa,Pasture,Tomatoes,
Asparagus,Fruit,Safflower
Birds 230 species Reptiles and Amphibians 25 species
Mammals 45 species Flowering plants 150 species
Fish 52 species
Major Anadromous Fish: Salmon,Striped Bass,Steelhead Trout,American Shad,Sturgeon
91
t
r
I
CA
• r
yop •
a` CA
C4 ISO
«e sToo
G �
4
.00 40
r
Viol .
C'4
• �, �,,� 00
ids
t�
'Ire
G
4 •'00 t4
J
h
al ta0 Ci r•.W tD h M In r-Ln q4t h to tib to m Ln r••to td r-CArri+et Ln CV
.�i i ! • • a • • • • • ! • • • i • • • • 4 a • « • • • • s • •
C?h �t dam"�t fn*d'cn en CV M M t�'!N ems"!to it tort M M a!CW d'to)4*d'et q1t�N��
d
r•
r•
#
d'd'to t?►d'0%Cyt C!1 t?►4t C!1%a d'qt Cr1 0% d r•.C!1 0%iT C!1 d•d'd' to M tQ
Cit 4"M N r--N�-r r r-CV r--r--N M N r-r M N r-r--r r:N fir!C4 r-r--d'r-
r•
h
9441!
is tQ et CO h M%C N CD O W W Cr►r-Lt'i d'tC co td r%.N LC)to qet cc.4t Go d•O Cn co CV
e• • • or a r ! • •• • • • ! • • • • a • !
U h+Lt9 r--dr-M en O m 4 N tp dd•
to Ch'It h Ot 40 r-1D O N Cl CV d'Ltd fry.C!1
d'qd'd'M d'cn cn M M th M N M Ln d`eh M M M M+et M 4W at d'd'r-N 40 r--
ti
C)
•
P-+CT M M et LA%0 to to r,,CO to d'Ln rte.h 01 00 r-N h Lt?N Cil N Cis Cit C�M 0%
L/) d'd"Mt CV qt N CV N N!t N r-Cn tan r';t*f r--= Ln tD Ln d`r-to et LO d•r--N
i••i •
!
d'tal!r--C�it M r-h 4d'd'in O Mr.Ch N t`3 N f"r-Ch Lt!O M O M C1 cn h d'
i • • • • i • • • • i • • • • • • ! • a # # ! ! • ! • • • •
d t0 to to%D to d'Ln N at tai t�r--t1l►CD•�Lt!LC! LA tD%0 d'M to to%0 U40)r--N M N
a•••r
.- r4.Lti st N M M Ch N r•r~,d'a LA co f*••41t Id- N M h t•.to t0►d'40 et C)to ao UW)
a •
of • • a a • # a • r.
V D rz h uo4 CO Pt?iC#r.:r•h r•%Z C1o h•h• •h •W•
rW---tap r•%D h r--N r--N
..
r--
.a
41D� 3 C"LA r-CO tap Crt h f%►h LC"!M 04 MCC?M h r—• 00 CO Go to r-M r--M r M M h qlet
a • • ! • • • • • ! • . a • • i ! # ! • • • . a w • • • a •
r■- '"3 tai 40 UP d`r°s Ltd Ln An co m•t r--tt!CK3 tp tap tai r-r-r--M M N d•N d`r-N M N
r• of
4J OW
LAJ to
.f. 00+et t)U20 r•O M-r%.CO Ca h r-CO to co tap' r-r-r-r-r-r-r-O r-�d•
d'd•d'N eh N N r--r-V;N td'!*et 4t N C4 M e+;M M M trf M M r N tall N
ul
W As
4 t:•i�V
W Z7210.c L 1Wat00NNNNNLANNhNCOf%,•NN r%. r%,1%.CD 00gr,*C1
a L rr•j
QC # a • a • • ! • # • • • • i a • ! •
cc it ! MNNNNNNNNtlNNLCMN Lg;W;U;LALt#LALnLnLnr-Mr•.r-
ow
i-t 4 ,.
W r- S. %0 N fes•01 0%at at at at 01 Q1 M m Ch M C►1 t?f er"i 4''r!M M M M M M M Cl h.ul Cl
!'rl M CV r r r-r-r-r-r-r-d-r-r-et r--r- �'+�q.4*et*d'410'rt d' r-
h-
�r,. •• •a
1
Oh't Rt><Lt!La Ln t1!LA L�"i in LO Ln L[!C7 trt'�L!'!td trt!U. CO C�CO O O m C?Cl Cl d'd'C!1 C?
! i • • . i i i • i i f ! • • • • • • i a • ! ! • • • a •
r- ii- r r-r-r-r-r�-�-r-r--r-r-N
.! ••
•
c r•r•f'*-.r..r%%do
l�h h r•f`•h•h r•t`-•h h.f°►Ir.r�r•.h rte•h h+h r•o0 h•
• • • • • ! • • ! • a ! • • • • ! • • ! . • • i ! • # • i ! •
C3Ooot7OOOCroOUOCaO Cao o O cl CD CD cpclaC3OCD 0 v►
• -p L
C>C)CooraC3C3C�C)0 CD ocoo CLCD c) CoclooCD oato
• ! • ! ! • • Is ! • i ! • ! • • • • • • • • • ! • • • • •
cl r-r--r r---r--r-r-r-r-r--r-r r--r-r--r-r-- r--r-r--r-r--r-r-r--r--r-r-r-so so SIMM row
> "For
> Ln LA LA Ln Ln LC?1h tatl L[!L!�LA LRS Ln LA UV LA Lt! Lt?Lt'!LO Lt?LA LA Lt!to W LO Ul d'co C w
Z room
r--r-r-r-r-r--r-r--r-r-r--r r-r-r--r--r- r-r-r-r-r--r-'r r--r r r--N O
r• .. av t3o,
• L 41
CV N to dr Wr et q•et rd"'+t d"•et d'N e!' at d'et d'do et d"d•d.rt tt t0.tD
i ! • .• • • e' # . . • ! • • u ft,O Mi c"#N N N•N CV N N N N N We Ms N!Cy!
N hi NCV N CV•N N N W N C\i+et r- L L. Lt!
f• is - ch 0 N
is ic 00 to
W 40
4J T
ci IM Cn 4J
ONOWto
us
arm ef�avow
oL- o
all .-. co r• L 00 -r
4J .Q ....
a O
r
41 %WWOV
fa 0 4J 4J
vs b � u a 4 c c u��so so s s
O acr! +ell L L CL W L.L. to 3 0 W 4►cls 0
v o c' Cl .� c CS• -x"a Clow o o c vs L-*-13 0 W CA to >
U r- o CO U cn r0 a di F--1i.c ons. 4i f i c
C
41 ",a to 0 L.L N L to 11i :5 all L Iii O V 45
c a.i #! aoocto3snWOO L UL.00cacCD*s� �t�.j> a CL CL
V
...� +ell t�► till CO LI'!tJ+G iT till 4J L �-Li b r--r- M
*0 V- = 0 Q!C?Ri Cy ie1 to Q!tY all-0 }y I 4J 9A CA 3C Qi r CL CL ti
lei C"r-'0 i-A L C"e3 90*- L.4J 01.?'t, C . .r... :�-r- L.3 L. d 0-r-r Q}L C Q Oc •r-
L. �0-r-r- Vr- to r0 or- d all r0 U V.0 V'!iL to Vin ►d.� i4-)v L V- ti E C r0 till:1% tri w�$4- 0.4J L. c "O to �
rd L r-4l :3 L.-r- L.r0 to O L.r-r-3 or.v-' Cy
t/s «-r d CI 1'--CA C9 Lt.C3 V!d CL.«-s>CC V? x ac C3 LA.�OG� r-iN� X
A-1 a •
Committee on Resources-Index Page 1 of 3
----------------------------------
Written Testimony of
David J.Guy
Executive Director
Northern California Water Association
Before the
U.S. House of Representatives
Committee on Resources
Water and Power Subcommittee
Hearing on Water Supply Vulnerabilities in the Sacramento/San Joaquin River System
Washington , D.C.
October 20,2005
Dear Chairman and members of the Subcommittee, my name is David Guy. I am the Executive Director of
the Northern California Water Association (NCWA). We appreciate the Subcommittee convening a hearing
today to discuss and develop solutions to address water supply vulnerabilities in California's Central Valley.
NCWA is a geographically diverse organization, extending from California's Coast Range to the Sierra
Nevada foothills, and nearly 180 miles from Redding to Sacramento. Our members rely on the waters of the
Sacramento, Feather, Yuba and American Rivers, smaller tributaries and groundwater to irrigate more than
900,000 acres that produce every type of food and fiber grown in the region. Many of our members also
provide water supplies to state and federal wildlife refuges, and much of this land serves as important
seasonal wetlands for migrating waterfowl, shorebirds and other wildlife. NCWA also represents the local
governments and the business leadership in the region.
We welcome the opportunity to provide the Northern California perspective on public safety and water
supply security and to present both the opportunities and challenges we now face in California. You can be
sure that Northern California water users, in concert with counties and local governments throughout the
region, are committed to help improve public safety,water supply reliability,water quality and the
environment.
The Subcommittee's interest in California's water security is appropriate and very timely in the wake of the
hurricanes along the Gulf Coast and given the importance of a successful resolution to the environmental
and water supply problems in the Central Valley and particularly the Sacramento—San Joaquin River Delta
and San Francisco Bay(Bay-Delta). The Bay-Delta is a tremendous economic and environmental resource
to California and the nation, and there is much at stake in how we implement the numerous ecosystem
restoration and water management actions. Put simply, people throughout California are vulnerable to
various events in the Central Valley, including prolonged droughts, devastating floods, earthquakes and
what appears to be a change in climate that may affect snow pack in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
We believe the recent California Water Plan (Draft Bulletin 160) provides a framework for California,with
the assistance and leadership of Congress and the Administration, to address the vulnerabilities in the
Sacramento/San Joaquin River systems. This framework contains two major initiatives—maintaining
statewide water systems and empowering regional solutions that.we encourage the Subcommittee to
support.
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/1 09/testimony/2005/davidguy.htmdavidguy.htm 10/25/2004h
M1
Co *tree on Resources-Index
Page 2 of 3
Maintain Statewide Water Systems
California depends on vast statewide water management systems to provide clean and reliable water
supplies, protect lives and property from flood, withstand drought and sustain environmental values. A
significant part of California relies on the Bay-Delta system for its water supplies.As a result, California
needs stability in the Delta. This stability should include structural stability, such as the integrity of Delta
levees in the face of earthquakes or tidal action, and it will require political stability with respect to the way in
which water flows through the Delta. Although most of Northern California does not divert water from the
Delta, we recognize the importance of the Delta for water supplies throughout the State and support efforts
to solve the water supply and environmental issues in the Delta.
After 11 years, it is clear that there is little confidence in the Bay-Delta solution being discussed as part of
the CALFED program. Most importantly,we need a sustainable solution to the public safety and water
supply 'issues in the Delta. There is a tremendous opportunity to focus on the Bay-Delta and to undertake a
new evaluation of various options that will protect Northern California water rights and supplies, enhance
the environment, and improve water supplies and quality derived from the Bay-Delta. This' , in turn, will
provide stability in the Bay-Delta and decrease vulnerability throughout California.
Additionally, California needs an aggressive investment in the State's flood management system and
changes in the way we think about flood management to fully protect public safety. Northern California has
always experienced devastating floods, 'Including the most recent flooding in early January 1997. High
winter and spring flows, coupled with the fact that many of the rivers in Northern California serve as water
conveyance facilities for the rest of the state, makes flood protection critical for public safety to protect the
citizens and property in Northern California.
Integrating both surface and groundwater storage programs into the existing statewide water system can
help California assure public safety and increase the water supplies available for all purposes in California,
including cities, farms wildlife refuges and managed wetlands and fish. In the Sacramento Valley, for
example, North of Delta Offstream Storage(Sites)could be integrated with the existing system to provide
additional flood control at Lake Shasta and to provide valuable water for the Delta during critical times for
fish, birds, cities and farms.
Empower Integrated Regional Water Management Programs
Regional planning and the implementation of strategies that are developed by leaders in the various regions
throughout the state are critical to meet the various water supply needs in California. Most importantly,
regional strategies build on the successful efforts that have been undertaken or are underway throughout a
region to meet water supply, water quality and ecosystem objectives at the regional and local level.
California is a diverse state where complex water policy decisions are difficult to fashion in a manner that
allows a simple solution to fit problems that may exist in various regions across the state. As a
consequence, regionally based policies and programs are the most effective and cost effective way to
integrate the various water rights and supplies for a particular region and to undertake the efforts necessary
to improve water quality and the ecosystem. We therefore support empowering regional solutions and
partnerships throughout the state to help serve California's total water needs. We believe California can
best advance the broad interests of the state by helping to fulfill the promise of regional programs and
integrated water management.
By implementing these management strategies, regions' can plan, invest, and diversify their water
portfolios. These strategies will help a region become more self-sufficient with local supplies and will
minimize conflicts with other resource management efforts. NCWA and the Northern California water users
have embarked on an integrated water management program that has broad support from water suppliers
and local governments throughout Northern California. The Sacramento Valley has been developing an
Integrated Regional Water Management Plan (IRWMP)to meet local needs and to increase both the
flexibility of the water system and the water available for multiple uses in the Sacramento Valley and other
areas of the state. This integrated program includes fish passage improvements(fish screens and siphons),
groundwater management, environmental water programs, water quality improvements, evaluation of the
Sites off-stream reservoir, flood protection, water use efficiency programs, intra-regional water transfers and
exchanges, and watershed management.
http://resourcescommittee-house-gov/archives/I09/testimony/',^zOO5/davidiaiiv.htm
10/25/2005
Committee on Resources-Index Page 3 of 3
Thank you for the opportunity to testify before the Subcommittee today. If you have any questions or would
like to discuss this further, please call me at 916.442.8333.
h4://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/davidguy.htm 10/25/200,
NDC NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL
Twa E"TWS am DOMM
Testimony of Barry Nelson
Before the
House Resources Committee, Subcommittee on Water and Power
October 20,2005
Chairman Radanovich and members of the Subcommittee,,thank you for the opportunity
to appear before you today. My name is Barry Nelson and I am a Senior Policy Analyst
with the Natural Resources Defense Council,where I am the co-director of NRDC's
Western Water Project. I have been active in Bay-Delta.issues for twenty years, For
the past fifteen years,I have been deeply involved in collaborative Bay-Delta.efforts
such as the CALFED Bay-Delta program. For much of this time, I have been involved
in issues related to the stability of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta..
I am particularly pleased to testify before you today regarding the long-tern
stability of the Delta. This issue has been long overlooked. The Delta is one of
the state's most important ecosystems. It is also 'important to many stakeholders
and tens of millions of Californians who drink Delta.water. I will close my
testimony with recommendations regarding along-term plan for the Delta and
additional steps that must be taken to protect the Delta and other California
water supplies in the future.
Two events in the past year have drawn attention to this issue. First,Dr. Jeff
Mount of the University of California at Davis has studied the Delta extensively.
He has paid particular attention to the ongoing subsidence of Delta islands that
are already well below sea level and to predicted sea level rise, as a result of
climate change. Dr.Mount has determined that during the coming half century,
as a result of these changes,the Delta is vulnerable to a large-scale failure of
multiple levees. Large-scale levee failure would be a disaster for farmers,
highways and utility infrastructure,water supply,the Delta.ecosystem and Delta
residents.Hurricane Katrina is the second event that has drawn attention to the
vulnerability of California's Delta.
Historically, it has been easy to overlook the Delta. California's more glamorous
ecosystems—Yosemite, beaches,the redwoods and the desert--have garnered far more
attention. The Delta was once a 1,000-square-mile tole marsh. Most of this marsh is
now gone,but the Delta.remains vitally important. The Delta supports the biggest
salmon run south of the Columbia River and a major recreational fishery. Every winter
vwm.nrdc.org 111 Suffer Street,2e Floor NEW YORK -WASHINGTON,DC -LOS ANGELES
San Francisco,CA 94104
TEL 415 875-6100 FAX 415 875-6161
Testimony before the House Subcommittee on Water and Power
October 20,2005
Page 2
its islands fill with waterfowl.Four hundred thousand Californians call it home.More
than 20 million Californians rely on it for a portion of their water supply.
It is important to note that, in addition to the threat to its stability,the Delta.is
threatened by another looming crises--the collapse of its ecosystem. Delta smelt,.,
striped bass and other fish have reached their lowest ebb in history. This decline is
discussed further in an article attached to my testimony. A recent Department of
40 is Interior biological opinion cites water project operations as a major cause. It not a
coincidence that total water pumped from the Delta.has been the highest ever in three of
the past five years. Recently, scientists believe invasive species and pollution may also
be playing a role.A small nudge could be enough to push the smelt—a bellwether for
the ecosystem—over the brink of extinction. This collapse also has major implications
for the Delta economy,which benefits greatly from tourism and recreational fishing.
It is important to note both of these crises,because a successful strategy for the Delta.
must address both ecosystem health and system vulnerability.
A few say that these crises call for reconsidering the Peripheral Canal. If the canal were
built,the state's two big water projects—the Central Valley Project and State Water
Project—could bypass the Delta.and pump water directly from the Sacramento River.
Voters rejected the canal in 1982,fearing a water grab and disaster for the Delta and
San Francisco Bay. Successive governors and CALFED,the state-federal program to
restore the Delta,have rejected the canal as well.
Concerns about the Peripheral Canal are well founded. If it were built,there would no
longer be any physical imperative to release water to the Delta.and Bay. The Delta's
fate would be determined by regulations and promises from state and federal agencies.
Water exporters are already working to weaken legal protections for the Delta and the
J&
Sacramento River.
Building the canal would do nothing to improve Delta.stability. In fact it would
eliminate Southern California's major motive to protect it. Today,the Southland—with
the majority of the state's voters and taxpayers—values a healthy Delta because one
fifth of its drinking water supply depends on it. With a Peripheral Canal, it would not.
In short, a Peripheral Canal could seal the Delta's fate. The implications for Delta.
residents,highways, and other infrastructure, as well as the health of the estuary,could
be very serious.
Finally,the canal would take decades and perhaps tens of billions of taxpayer dollars to
build. Delta.water users are unwilling to pay for this project. We shouldn't consider an
investment on this scale until elected officials and agencies develop a Delta solution
that works.It's time to tackle problems that agencies have ducked for decades.
The CALFED program has recognized the need to protect the stability of the Delta.
Indeed,reducing system vulnerability was one of the four purposes of the CALFED
program. However,this element of the CALFED program has, until recently,received
Testimony before the House Subcommittee on Water and Power
October 20,2005
Page 3
far less attention than others. CALFED agencies are only now beginning to tackle the
long-term concerns identified by Dr.Mount. As you may know, Governor
Schwarzenegger has recently launched several ambitious evaluations of the CALFED
program. In addition,the legislature recently passed and the Governor signed AB 1200,
which will start a process of examining these Delta stability issues. NRDC and other
41
environmental and fishing organizations have recommended that, as CALFED is
reshaped, it should include particular focus on the development of a long-term plan for
the Delta..
NRDC believes that a successful long-term Delta.plan must accomplish five things:
1) Address the problems of diversions,pollution and invasive species to restore the
health of the Delta and its fisheries, including stronger standards that hold up
under the attacks of water exporters. The protections in the CALFED ROD for
the Delta are simply not working.
2) Effectively address the stability of Delta.islands.Maintaining them all may be
impossible. Returning some of them to marsh could help the environment and
reduce the challenge of maintaining levees. Financing this program will be a
challenge. Delta water exporters,who benefit from these levees, should help
fund their maintenance.
3) Reduce the risks to Californians who rely on Delta.water by reducing their
dependence on it,through conservation,water recycling and more. Increasing
Delta.diversions further would exacerbate the estuary's decline and make
California even more vulnerable to disruptions in the Delta..
4) Stop sprawl in the Delta. Building homes on below-sea-level Delta islands is
putting more Californians at risk.
5) Learn from past mistakes.Any attempt to shortcut efforts to save the Delta.and
build a Peripheral Canal will waste precious time and energy.
This effort will require collaboration and leadership.
Finally, as Dr.Mount correctly concluded,one of the major threats to the future of the
Delta.is future sea level rise,,which is anticipated to result from climate change. In fact,
over the past century, sea level in the Bay has already begun rising. This,however, is
only one of the many anticipated water related impacts of climate change.For example,
the new California water plan recognizes the potential for climate change to reduce
existing snowpack, reducing water supplies for all who rely on the Sierra. One of the
attachments to this testimony is a summary of the science related to climate change. As
California's governor said recently: "The debate is over...the time for action is now."
Governor Schwarzenegger recognized the serious potential impacts of climate change
on California, and its water supply last summer when he stated that: "Global warming
threatens California's water supply,public health,agriculture,coastlines and forests -
Testimony before the House Subcommittee on Water and Power
October 20,2005
Page 4
our entire economy and way of life.We have no choice but to take action to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions." The severity of the potential impacts of uncontrolled
climate change on the Delta.further indicate the need to address this problem head on.
To reduce these future impacts,the state is developing an ambitious program to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. However,the state cannot succeed alone.
During the coming year,we anticipate that Congress will have an opportunity to pass
mandatory limits on global warming pollution. Last June,the Senate passed a
resolution calling for such mandatory limits. We are hopeful that rising awareness of
the potential impacts of climate change on the Delta and water supplies will help lead to
Congressional action in 2006. In short,the most important action that Congress can
take to protect the stability of the Delta over the long tern is to address directly the
cause of climate change—the emission of climate changing pollution.
The Delta ecosystem is enormously important. Tens of millions of Californians have a
stake in its future. It is time for us to act to preserve it—for the future health of all of
California. Thank you.
M I
Cic)mmittee on Resources-Index Page 1 of 5
--------------
----------------........................................... ........................................I..
Mr. Dennis G. Majors
Program Manager
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
Written Testimony
For the Subcommittee on Water and Power
Committee on Resources
United States House of Representatives
Oversight Hearing
on Water Supply Vulnerabilities in the Sacramento/San Joaquin River System
October 20,2005
I am a Program Manager with the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California,with responsibilities for
guiding the implementation of the CALFED Program to achieve improved water quality and water supplies
from Delta export operations. From 2000 to 2002, I was CALFED's Delta Implementation Manager,where
became knowledgeable of Delta levees remediation issues as they relate to the water supply and quality at
State Water Project(SWP)and Central Valley Project(CVP)export facilities and the implementation of
CALFED Through Delta solution (Figurel).
This testimony covers the w ater supply and quality vulnerabilities in the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta
focusing on the water quality and supply effects at CVP and SWP export facilities, needed emergency
response capabilities and any near-term and long-terms strategies which can be employed to adequately
safeguard these water resources.
Strategic Overview
The Metropolitan Water District has focused increased attention on the vulnerability of the Delta levees
system over the past year. The recent events in New Orleans have heightened our awareness and renewed
interest of our Board of Directors on this critical issue, particularly the adequacy of emergency, short-term
and long-term governmental response. It is well known that Delta i stands, drained for agriculture in the late
1800's, have subsided up to 30 feet though the oxidation of peat soils in critical portions of the western and
central Delta. A system of more than 1,100 miles of levees protect major utilities, highways, and railroads
and convey fresh water southerly to state and federal export pumps. The most problematic areas remain in
the western and central Delta, where peat soil subsidence is greatest, levee designs and maintenance
practices are varied and 11 levee breaks have occurred since 1960(Figure 2). Overall, 162 levee breaches
have occurred throughout the Delta in the past century.
Levee breaches in the western Delta can result in an extremely large volume of salt water being drawn from
Suisun Bay into subsided islands like Sherman and Twitchell, moving higher salinity concentrations toward
the export pumps. Unabated, subsidence on these islands will advance from a total of 30 feet today to more
than 80 feet when all peat is depleted, exacerbating potential flooding and salinity problems. Significantly,
multiple levees breaks in the central and southern portions of the Delta draws salt water into south Delta
areas,which cannot be easily flushed seaward through the normal fresh water releases from upstream
reservoirs.
"Project" levees make up about one-third of the system, which are designed, built and maintained by the
Corps of Engineers. "Non-Project"levees make up about two-thirds of the system, and are built to varying
standards of design, maintained by local Reclamation Districts(RD's)and situated generally in the most
vulnerable areas of the Delta with respect to subsidence and adverse consequences of failure.A small
fraction of the levees are privately owned.
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/dennismajors.htm 10/25/2005
Committee on Resources-Index Page 2 of 5
Disruption of the levees system by earthquakes or other hazards could potentially trigger a progression of
failures in the Delta levees system that would have serious consequences on Metropolitan's drinking water
supply, since on average the SWP provides more than half of the supplies available to Metropolitan.
A strategic approach to emergency response, and short-and long-term actions to avert or minimize the
impact of levees failure is critical. From a levees integrity standpoint, there must be a logical connection to
the proposed CALFED Through Delta solution,which relies on the integrity of Delta levees for the delivery
of high quality water to export pumps.
Under the DWR S ubventions Program , established by the state in 1988, Reclamation Districts maintain ,
repair, restore their levees, and receive reimbursement through bond or other funds to protect island
properties. This program is not specifically aimed at providing strategic benefits to export water quality and
supply. The DWR Special Projects Program is specifically established to focus on critical levee problems,
but needs strategic direction to be properly implemented.
However, a process is emerging to reduce major risks in the short-term and develop longer-term strategies
to fund levee improvements,which benefit export water quality and supply interests.A number of strategies
are being embedded in the existing response system, and support is beginning to coalesce around new
initiatives.
Emergency Response
DWR predicts a 100-year earthquake would initially trigger the breach of 3 to 10 levees on one or more
Delta islands(Figure 3). For comparison, earthquakes causing this type of damage and failure to Delta
levees would most likely be in magnitude 6 to 6.5 Richter range, either close to, or actually beneath the
western Delta. Based on the progressive damage to the unarmored inside face of levees at Jones Tract(at
Trapper Slough opposite the main Jones Tract breach), there is a major concern that that these seismically
induced breaches will result in a broader failure of the Delta levee system through wave action from high
Delta winds and erosion within the islands being flooded. The effective emergency response at Trapper
Slough avoided further flooding of the adjacent tracts toward Stockton. Probability analysis reflecting a 1-in-
100 chance of failure of the Delta levee system means that the risk we face in the Delta is orders of
magnitude higher than the level of risk we find acceptable for other major infrastructure and critical facilities.
Impending levee failures require rapid response to prevent permanent damage and avert progressive
damages leading to serious degradation to export water quality and supply. The following are some
potential areas that Metropolitan could support.
Emergency response is now coordinated though a DWR Delta Area Command, linked to the state's
Standardized Emergency Response System. However, DWR is evaluating and we support a Central
Regional Flood Response Center in order to:
• Develop a central command, co-located in a common facility, to facilitate assignment of commands
and coordinate operations among the federal, state and local agencies; this would force rapid
approvals and clearances and save time in advancing emergency response measures.
• Establish a pre-set list of trigger points to ensure that the assignment of authorities moves efficiently
from local, to state and federal levels, depending on the severity of the emergency.
• Allow command in catastrophic events to expeditiously escalate, if necessary to the federal level.
Federal and state legislation could be required to grant greater authority to respond to such crises. These
should be explored and appropriate legislative approaches taken.
Particularly, we could support measures to reduce the time responding to an impending or actual
emergency by:
• Establishing emergency contracting capability with private construction firms to respond immediately
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/dennismajors.htmdennismajors.htm 10/25/200
Committee on Resources-Index Page 3 of 5
in the event of a levee breach or similar situation.
• Substantially augmenting rock stockpiles and equipment throughout the Delta to ensure rapid
response to close a breached levee or selected river channels at pre-determined locations; pre-
positioned rock stockpiles or barges to achieve temporarily closure could avert the most serious
damage and limit salinity intrusion toward the pumps.
Establish real-time modeling capability with up to date hydrologic data and breach locations to help
predict the salinity effects of levee breaches and guide strategic channel closures to minimize salinity
intrusion into the Delta.
Near-Term Strategies
There are deliberate steps that we believe can be accomplished in 2 to 5 years beginning with a
comprehensive inventory to identify the levee design standards throughout the entire Delta levees system.
This would identify high-risk areas and focus immediate attention. For example, at the State Water Project-
owed Sherman and Twitchell Islands, significant soil subsidence caused by farming operations aggravates
the risks caused varied levee designs. As note earlier, flooding of these islands would draw large volumes
of salt water into the islands toward the export pumps. Here, farming leases managed by DWR need to be
converted to farming practices which spread water over the islands most months the year. Rice farming or
other practices may be appropriate. Where not already constructed as such, levees should be modified to
include toe berms or other stability measures under acceptable design standards, making them less
vulnerable to failure under ground shaking, floodwaters or other hazards.
Measures should developed in the short-term to better develop emergency response capability, such as:
o Improved levee instrumentation, inspection program, and real-time monitoring.
o A fully developed emergency breach closure and real time modeling capability to help guide
emergency operations to limit salinity intrusion.
• Acquisition of island lands that provide sufficient soil, sand and gravel as a ready stockpile for any
scale of emergency.
The Small Projects Authority Program, administered by the Army Corps of Engineers, is ideally suited for
post-disaster repairs, maintaining the repaired levee integrity until more permanent repairs can be
implemented, or repairing smaller levee problems that could get worse if left unattended.
Long-Term Strategies
A systematic process is now being undertaken to look at the consequences of different types of failures in
economic terms.Alternative actions can then be taken and measured economically. Here is a long-term
approach we would support, that could be accomplished in 5 to 15 years:
Delta Risk Management Strategy
An ambitious federal-state process now underway is called the Delta Risk Management Strategy (DRMS).
This is a joint effort of the Department of Water Resources and the Army Corps of Engineers, with
assistance from other agencies. It evaluates both h azards and system operational conditions in
combination to determine the economic consequences of levee failures in the Delta and downstream. The
following steps are taken to determine the most cost effective approach using ARMS:
• Statistically, develop an envelop of economic consequences resulting from multiple combinations of
hazards and system conditions.
• Develop alternative remedial actions both inside and outside of the Delta.
• Determine the change in economic consequences(benefits)that results from applying a particular
remedial action.
o Determine the most cost effective remedial action as an overall strategic approach.
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/dennismajors.htin 10/25/2005
Committee on Resources-Index Page 4 of 5
A number of strategies can be evaluated by the DRMS process both inside and outside the Delta.Any
alternative must ensure a reliable long-term Delta conveyance system, which is critical to the delivery of
CVP and SWP allocations and water transfers. The following alternative strategies can be evaluated from
an economic perspective using the DRMS:
• The Though Delta solution considered in the CALFED Bay Delta Program EIR/S, including the North
Delta Flood Control program.
• Modified land use practices or acquisitions at strategically identified islands, along with necessary
levees remediation, within the highly subsided western and central Delta.
• Pre-positioned and enhanced downstream groundwater and surface storage; Metropolitan has
aggressively pursued these strategies by increasing its storage more than 10-fold over the past
decade, in part to guard against emergency events.
Should additional federal authorization and appropriations be required, beyond the CALFED authorization
such authority may be considered under the Water Resources Development Act with expanded federal
flood control responsibility; a greater emergency response role at the federal level may be appropriate as
borne out by the recent New Orleans event.
Metropolitan Response
DWR and UC Berkeley studies indicate that from 3 to 10 breaches of the Delta levees system would
statistically occur in a 100-year earthquake event. This would have the likely follow-on effect of multiple
breaches caused by repeat episodes of wave action from strong Delta winds and erosion. It is unknown
how extensive this type of failure scenario would be, however the progressive erosion on the inside levee
face at Jones Tract, noted above, tends to substantiate the reality of this scenario. The extent of these types
of scenarios would be determined in a statistical sense under the Delta Risk Management Strategy.
In a recent exercise, DWR performed multiple levee breach scenarios that assessed the consequences of
30-and 50-breaches in the Delta. Critical to Metropolitan is how long the levee repair actions would take
and under what conditions export operations could resume. This determines the extent that emergency
storage in the Metropolitan service area has to be utilized, as noted below.
In part to deal with these types of disasters, Metropolitan has increased its surface and groundwater storage
substantially in the past decade. Total southern California surface and groundwater storage is currently
about 2.8 MAF, of which about 1.7 MAF is available for emergency and non-emergency(carryover)
purposes. In an emergency, such as a multiple-levee breach in the Delta, Metropolitan would draw upon
both emergency and non emergency (carryover)storage at the rate of about 550 TAF per year. This could
continue for 2 to 3 years depending on hydrologic conditions while remediation measures were taken in the
Delta and SWP supplied were being restored. DWR has estimated that a"worst case" 50-breach scenario
may take around two years to repair. It is, therefore, crucial that proper attention be given to levee repair
protocols and emergency powers capabilities to complete levee remediation work as quickly as possible.
Summary
The water supply and quality vulnerabilities in the Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta can seriously affect the
CVP and SWP exports. DWR predicts a 100-year earthquake, equivalent to a magnitude 6 to 6.5 Richter
range, either close to or actually beneath the Western Delta, would breach 3 to 10 levees on one or more
Delta islands. Progressive levee failures, initiated under this seismic event, could lead to more wide spread
failures and damages. The impact to southern California would be significant since on average the SWP
provides more than half of the supplies available to Metropolitan.
Emergency response capabilities, as well as near-term and long-terms strategies need to be modified and
fine-tuned to adequately safeguard affected water resources. Pre-positioned materials and equipment could
aid in closing beached levees or strategically restrict river channels before widespread damage occurs or
adverse salinity intrusion takes place. Near-term remedial actions at Sherman and Twitchell Islands could
significantly reduce overall risk to water quality and supplies at export pumps. Long-term strategies guided
by the ongoing Delta Risk Management Strategy could identify cost effective actions to reduce economic
risk and the potential for loss of life. Clearly, the recent events in New Orleans have heightened our
http://resourcesconunittee.house.gov/archives/1 09/testimony/2005/denm*smajors.htm 10/25/200
Committee on Resources-Index Page 5 of 5
awareness and renewed our interest in this critical problem on the west coast.
A Central Regional Flood Response Center, co-located in a common facility, could facilitate assignment of
commands and emergency operations among the federal, state and local agencies in catastrophic events.
Overall command could expeditiously escalate, if necessary, to the federal level.
Expanded federal and state authorities may be needed to respond to the scale of emergency operations
anticipated in the Delta. As well, n ew federal and state legislation may be required for equivalent level
response, including potential authorizations and appropriations under the Water Resources Development
Act. The current Small Projects Authority Program, administered by the Army Corps of Engineers, may also
be well suited for post-disaster repairs.
Metropolitan has anticipated these types of emergency scenarios that may occur in the Delta region and
placed significant emphasis on the development of enhanced storage accessible to the Metropolitan to
serve these and other purposes.Accessible surface and groundwater storage has been increased ten-fold
in the past decade, making nearly 1.7 MAF available for emergency and non-emergency (carryover)
purposes, which would be drawn on under these type events.While these emergency supplies would last 2
to 3 years, it is crucial that proper attention be given to levee repair protocols and emergency powers
capabilities to complete Delta levees remediation work as quickly as possible.
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/dennismajors.htm 10/25/2005
0 • •
'� M
SCC,Crye-!--"rr,`.Y,''f �llr,'.4`X M".,�.. i{v,,r•.,^+f.'C^:t' {C.'FV:',`n,tryf-'ti.r:XL 4.}",ti!'S;yr J!'!
T,%....',; '.'?S Q;S+£,•: G "tK'' 4"h *,rt+K^'+}�"K":Ky rr pl1';:+;';{-
4, "{ t •R 4 '7• :Jt'r"x{:4{r<{±";arTn::•-%•,'•..ax? {••:
5.JS.R.4.A•Y}'
0:: C.'
7:
4K:•.i
75: T.
Y, ,:{
..'} Tr,,tn r,iC'.
C p
�7'Y''v.J`''`.. J•r.-!Gr.r'Y,fr
y.
}4 Y.
4K Y}
,
r.L c:..:
r..
.. .. ., -. .. a.... f...r..
G 7.." .,. :. ... .... ... ... .
., �,... .. .. .. ...,..r.........:...
. : .. : .. ., .: :.' ... .. :.. ,:.. ,....... ... ...
G.... ..,.•.: ....... .: ..... , .. ....
ll
j:
r.4:'
•.
::'
::;
,
r
::,, " t.
- ..> n
yIW+
r
:.ta....... , .; ... , ..::
"2 9
:•.,- ':. Jr:.:' r.;, "r...'..:r.., •... y { Y' •�-15�' i,. r 'Ki-'w�t y.. r,:.'::... ,. .... •.. '""rt h.1{,{.,,<!•...... ...........w 4 S':
S {, .,• -n'• T ` Le} ; .. 4 �, r y�.�x rte} ,<
'jY. ..f., .r.,
4,• •1OfCLf r{L:ti 1 4 �, .
. r' K, r�4aYiiRRF""' 'T�n•�' -. .. ,r. .... .. ,�.. *- + \ r ro A ,K, w i'�.
R ro'��}��, r: {G: -t,.. �1,"'• r r:. #., c '4-, ti k n vi tr{ _ r
::'- - .. -
rv;,{++''ii'�'•"' -L{, �+,. v. '*.u:r r.. "s '. ,�,f'x'
n t ^t Y ,A{-. i f�'.f w ti<,.a4, $ f i,-,v ..
„. r:.
dG
t
\f
_ Kms,1, p�V S.. -.:<
:4.'�,i' r .•",i-�'Y,:115:XR.:�•+ .may-.' 4.�{r`xS�`:;y6vi�#,f:.. -- Y' ....
...;,. {`: ::, tri ,A•, ^'''' ''. ... E': ".j:.. „h•f. :h^' ".404
' rr-+Syr. ,r.r '
-�r,f�R,t .
x r qy :4 r i} a{t K P,
,p,,� .- f{ 4 tay.' r,a. ',� r� �.. .. -.,,
f'!: v' ..
$r'
�.,
,
..,
x4,. ,.,.,. ',r, .... ,y�4� } ..
����, rS'
,�„ ., ...,r. ..
:. ::: -r..,r
+. is a,- {," .,r.- :f- r'.,.. `: �:'"' {
. „# .• :;,i, :-.:.'x :: '*'et. ��±'� } t KQ mow;.
,yr Ott ...,.•.. :w. -^+} , :. x .- :. l'•M'fv':> 4t:.., 4,,, {
} r ". ,xv k y:'r <:rk 34r ,r �Y^SrSt. {: q
-. k+- {'r- ", 'a ,,ry ..'r :•;^ 1{ •'..fit J' :•:.,'r}r..:} ,.F.
r - ....:_ .r .::. ".",���
... ♦� r 4 v.. rr �
tr �a 'Q :4:$, L ,(.�0( 'y
{r, •� ... .:i :. ¢ ,."4 J.. ,, " f.
...v..., .Y.,,::: .. -.,4 Xpx � '4•.,:.,.:r ;'�7,'�`'1!I�R"'4W Xy� .,4 ::} :.':'t.{v t i '._{.' -"1'
4. .'. .r .: .,. �i "'.'.:"{i+':...'.4?�a',h..rw r.., {%.,..r.- & -ttw . :.a, :};.. """�,L..+.,?.,`S:'.:.y4t,i.. :•fh' x. •,: , � � '$�. ,
\ ,i. b' R:.. 40 4t,6 .W.r' ,a :{S:{• .W' ..Lar4' 4x, ..
4 'q!.''r{}'fir}. .} ,{ ., Xfr.1.
:. 4'}#• ,y� {
.{i{S .{.i:: .V
I4,f.
}, �;r�
a
:{ {'.
r. r j:'
k ���p r
Ko' ! { {k
{} ':t. ."< ,�..:. :fi r :-: fir. -t{.
r {. .,
b r. {w,:r or.4,..,.1... {t XI:. t {}- {•,. > r
'{r {{...< `4f`*�,.,,. .>- .}',,,, .'y. r.- ......-, :-Y,X.,... ... >}fc r4,:4e...+- .'w, '�.•
v
-r,,. .. :,4r .. _ ,,i�,{� ..!:C, ~��r�-.<.r.. .a... ,r',{}.. {}.., K. .. 4, .: .rC .{. rt•' {2 :ii4:; .{:::-:•y,, .'ft �.:'Cr';:};'{.,
S,. y ..+" {}f,: },. c{ -,, c4:rK { ;-h, rt { {'> jf ;t / x•$ J ::/. r r.
-...- '4'., .,.'T'". ... , .. .KG`r....r,r .n,.r' 'S'! .+.... .'.:: "''.v",•' Al i:f.{{': ;{,Y. .i:.v!P. ,<.':•,:.r.M 5:,,,.,v,}�.4. }i {.1'.:..,F`{...l�;.0:.
h T.,kY2P•:: K.. t4 z,._ 6C: {.•F,r: } { tK4C. r
? ,. '.: ..,,y, ,r.. Jr... : {...... ;. .r... .,,a{,<. .r v..,.."',.' i •{':C ,'.S-. .v
,+ n. t , .,....:r, .. K
i{
fi' {
3.t. 4. S:. 4•, s
�•� 44�r { j %' <.
3
a4+ r.�t r {3 r. x t 4{r:. ':
D,91;{',...-{. ?9c.' ..: �.. .,' y,... :... .. , , :......,.� ,"-,-,• r: -t r.s :R,.:4,t'`"�•'' r'f''.f,.
.., - .. 5 h}: : .... ..r •�l v. r'. :•:,. .:{{ .4 ,'� :r l.:' T.{ ,.r. :4r..:. :.,}'�J•.
,,{�, <., .. , ..\^'t,.�....{ .:.. ,4.:. i :r .X '^{• .r}.. .. ..r::: �, t ::4{•.•.-.. :a$',.', T. rr:: ,.fin r}'.
f �,�¢Q `54 ,�(, .-...' .. ,.,.}ya'.[- {,n:�.p��:: ;_��`,7��(,p'M1(� -,-.. ,.;}, r+:::-: 4.: „#"i.,... 444"4:..•: r'Ct{.<`. r�r{ ti.
C- h 5 , *5. .. ..... {{.; .Y' .r. .,'•"{:)J�.-;'^.K:. n.. 'r^,....tir .,,.-.,. ,.:.4 '44'4•' .,r,!,. .rr' {{ ,.r::.3J�r/ .'..Y: -
. Y r .. -::. ...,. .. } .. .. ,{'..:r.. :'}. t„{ r.if ",'1.' :.J}-• .L':{, •':•X':. 4.'.,t..
,,_.. .' ,L r .4 irGrftr,,, "+-- , -. ..?.5. ..,.. :. :.•-., {,'. {$'�, S,.r .',,,•" r:{''"4,. :�.4
%r .,., , ..,1':N ^` :n,,;..,: ;.:... n,:f'-;t�....J.. ,....,,h-. t.-'�r " t,.,t,-k'4J�c. •`Fh --?r.,' .,,{.n'v - •,ri'....J ..
f: 3..iti' ;..
,, .1z
,. -vb:� : .., ,.r. ti '{{J ..r.. ::" ':: +.�`- .. ..,..r..J "7lIRr '.4 X.r <... -'}f:'�j ...�'�t.{.-n-.�''r... :;(r. ?ti5i,::,
{..{4o-, �{ Y...:' t k::.. ., `.<' }} ., r•k
t. 4 S "`!r•:: 'ia {k{• f , {22 i�.%'(cW-i ,{ s y ^.,.--'--x•46{r }G�' ?'�.
•. , .:'V. !. 4.,.; .,, r. .. , .. �. .....:. {:,'t(ic{„},{${{••..'!(:{, .rY4'j.r ,. �X"rJ.,:, -f'S' n ♦..,,�;:.:i'{y:
::- ` ;y. ti- ::.`.vO+J• .,-.,.,q. : .i:: �',.'^p.,:�, :r::}:'..h -,{,{�{'f ''.,:+:,'�i:.. ,w i'iP9![f >; J ":at7,C.V` ::}1'?:4
a. .+. 1f: r�,�{'... F`.. ...T.,.-..:. - '::.,... ,<':�''.c: -rt.'' '2:t .?`{:w>.-.Yti- -'4 y .ti,4,{ '{.ccao.. , LL��ee4, ,,{(. :'{;`^,. ::rra:.::.;.,,{;4kt.{;.
R.y ., +,ck5sr.,;.r .,, 3 wa;;r,' lis•:k..,r ,.s p
':4 +•. <k rF: {':.. r. .... 1 6 •}.,y��,,' ':. .. ,." ,.',i :.{'. 'a.-;4','.G'' „ ,•:ti; 4t 7�.�:r:,r}J r.,w,�*y .t '..{'::.,.:w'
:.,.q. :. �,r, . K{, t ,.'}?.'�9:°� .'Y, .:�tJ.,':f"N4,_rM ..{.. „x• 4� :�y,'1 t"'r Q- `4`,•:' f•': ;
sw l:• r' ':1 - . . ,r'c- J$..:4SG' '+tG'. .l. i•r
Rr1t1.. t r 4. �C L{•
}'
ii {
Y,�. _
2` J0{.' s, dtA :,sr.,:�,�r J S>. fJ
...,,SQ<. '{:.,.{. a}{.-.: ra4 :}(,{•':. `;.[ry'�.: •:1.1'l �.<., ,}1'.bX'-:�':t�,.�.'; �.
t."
.,�• OO��ppppyy({••
4.
? ....... i.. :::" :
,..r. r {.. ,. ...... .,,:.,!,..,r K�...t;, {"4 r;{ rn .:utr+ow. ,.`.'ra.. ,r. :: .,r,. -,, ti l*.. ':K2t.. ;,}".-, ..'C:{:.:JM1_:.}:. „1:.,...-,rf,.:. Yr. :r
�F.'. .v t. } .yy�4,,.,..:..:':.f t.,,.{<. ..r-:.iv''t{(••.,{,{a {C.$��M�'fd ',,:'< ''MF44, •.,r'<.•>. f rv. -r.4�•..+. {n"''.`r:''�,,y{,. ..r i 4
..,yp- -,. J.''}l,."{`{f}}:.:... {#2....,r..:..,,,... ,.,... ../:.-,.v .. ....-,:. -.kr .;. '•; s{r ';,;{{' .{{;r.` �` r4„^' r.w 84'•:Y,J�:'4ts.-`Z.r`y,
:,: :..f+2�. :..,, ..r..... r r.r,::. .::., n ?.v:,r,tr,• ''.4,4:.'•{'r{.;{ti ':rr •:Y .:C,4
, : # :..f...... .Y•: {.} r-'z:1%-',+ s44. :'te. 4v4a%';'•.,.
4.Xt" : .-„ r .-r,.f. ..,., '.5::'.... .}:r:: ....,. rKwo J,{ rl tt-}' i'�•ri 'Ir:X`:
:.Y..:'
.. ...... .{ .. ..,, ......,✓}f'.. ,s...:' .-..'. ..-.. .. ,.'* .. }tat ai'{t,.:Y:•:3 ..Yp r.4;...
r. : J. }r, --4
`3 a { �f-• ,•..^
}{o-4 .,. ...
•'+di�'is .rrr.,
K{ yy .r�.r. r 1•
,,�y, .. y .fes'. `{...
:t' 4
T.. :�ap'' r.{r'{4. 0{..
{r., §�
r
., r. .v n ...k,r. .., ,.`t`:' ....} n .•.'.:- +'{MF:' r r','` r 44�tr. .r, ^n 'r `;'' n .Y
r'S`^'`�. 4- ...": ,.:J..J. r.....}..:.,Y.. .., ,.... ..•}h'a'�fi' •• - .',•.,..< ,a.... P. +k -• .T ,+ X _ ,
f.r 'r. +' /t.. ..,. .?C•� rrgda' {•i"':54., r,kt. ?• •'r.�•,..5r' {
.44 •. .; },�,,,��
rr m :t.' F ::h^vrJ f4',
:•r - _, .r /
'% d '.
' ., ..•:ti.. r... ..,:':' r..:':.''tom, ".,-:. ..Y :.;. ... { ♦ _
r K..4 }' N4L
r. x n x R k 5 a `{"3.4,"7,,Y :.,,}
t
. 'J J.' 4 :'M
':i^ �,. ..r., .{,{':'-... ..., ...{. ...: :: :.. -:rr.-:r .r�'� .fI.:. -,!r{'M1,+%`✓.py'. ':'??. .t,�XC�
.. r..,.rrt,.,T-*..- ,:. ...,.r, .: ..t.. .r,r. •: .v:' v.iv.. r,r.....,.,J: .: .. i„ _.,,
., n{... .... ..., n.. v -}`...., .. ..f•,....,.,':.•r".; ,... ,..,,{4.,...{. .J, r '{ .f..{ `v:' �' ,`-
A�pp.r� , ..-: ,. ..y j��C
r.. .'e4C!rr,.r......{ {.. �.,.;.}.:'1•.}. }+�.r ..... ?{..,r,•,4'... {�;; ::... '� {'i. .$,: ,�{��.,..
}4. C :9' :+. r{...}.1r ".'. is i:.;': K. {
..:..:•.. :•:,:., ......., ..., ..::.... ..r .... -..,#`....,.....{,•.,,, {.:rn.v-' 4 _ iiS:•, r.•:'Fr•,;:
.. 5".'A...,. ; ri't t h...;.,L:.•;.:,:. ...... .r .. ,{ }xf.. J ..,. `� a !.{. }
17 v,6 a.;r.. Ys 4:. # ,:,yam
y v y: �4-
- lj\.
•
+S .. i:l'. ' s
M1 r,,+7.'f/:.i :., ., r. 54, •,f' `F, �",4: :fil. Jr`i''r',.Y•:r'':Y..4
_...A •( ti {- : Vit,:: ''' •'j X}vr: { ,i"moi ... 4�:.: K ':r. : {S
"n - t •{> ?4:`r , .,3r4 ...,. n fir h `i}:: ?{, '�cSApy{v.r } v 'V
{->1 •"• <.�,,-.r ` ;'r'y r"ti:$'<r -10 ::�. ,.,K+{,. 'K3c, °°°,5is'..::.:3. .,.
J'{,r #• C'„7`�F,,-,,}- {ta - .;y,,:t .r�, r.,-.
+:
r,.;i
., ., +�,n ,4 .! 4:.,24 {:. ..;5 y ,.'.. ^:fir ,x+'�.y .%r.
:" ., ��, rt ,
'<Sks6; ^^{, {;,> ..... r.,,2:;:.:Kt•,u+;'{:c", }y;fv-, -}i!C`i` :'*1 ^gyri(*!9,� ?y,� . ,
M :4 ♦7*r4{4•Y , - Y{''.•'!r r,44•.,}t - '::,� ,'--- ,. +.,Tf:,'T°,,,lj:..{( {r, j
-5 .< ` 3{4 4{
., it. '.4, ,� }-ttLm::f:';i<tic "^ ,4' Jv �`,�y�,��rp( 4$•,�''` y•- ir:rt�{ .,:
e, `S'iei2;{. �1'. ♦ { { ,r. 'pS ? {{$'w:!Y` v ..yv. .,. "{'Z 1 x{} ^J1> sr
t,.}?: �y <14,i.�.<c.t.<:c.ld�: <,r.r;,,:,.-}r; J'oS -;'4'{.
- .,{{4it. xx }�;.•y.}t�., y� .y, :sr. `r7.r<:fte.},.'2yx'. S"i ,Mr,�r. �. `. .},k,C`7``{9[t, !:o
.. } , �«'�*�-- •-..t.,.,. t '�y;'`",•" '<h;..�, "`: ,n` %d?% 'ate -
?. i`{`y r ,.. r,, .,p..lw{ { "" -"w ».a -4: ra:, � 4'{f"•,<�. 4 .,,.,,;{�: ,r �r'4..J..srv. `�"'.Js^ `�
..'..Ys.
+4:': { y'�;t.•:,.4',S' { .�r .j '- : P;b',F ✓,':f.C9}'.'. yp JC}' ,$. 54: i,Q+�'b
-4a tit yy�.� •''%•. ,'.o. - r{yr .'.�:t :S
!f s {
{
r {,• 4►r
A":}': '�':N'
1'.' )p�.• },,� M
:C,11„ .{.,�{,, ice' ,
',.. i }�4•� .5,' 3. ay:R:. J"ft, ^. r ;�T'
a...,.
t'
,,fi�rr,, t•: .!!, 4. ,, . .' •.. ..�i ., '+'•a..rr. .. ..... , ,. .. {, .+S�r 4�, �'#'•..5W. r �r
;d5r J,Y .qtr. _ J ''" :.S L .#dY +,1r. '} '�,}rD}V "�r, `{V{
�,f,W''^.�. .I t-'"'�•. ..•T68fi { ~-'-al4�' 4 .'S-n
.4• t .,,�' 3 ,xr
}:• t
�"�, $: {' ��
.r_.... :.h. : } r, •'i'r.'"'.:.. •.: : .r.{ .. 7.,oY ... .. : 4T,. 1 ./W/{{ $+q��? tt,, t,,/y�y
:534:< 4 t4. n .. a'.�?7S:G' 4",?` P',} S'�(- ,"G'{'"KP,
f. :•oS
x '
,r� ,:
{{!'. Y
• �t..ha .4 i • �,
-},Q ,': "4 ,;��..,,"�,,��yy ..t ,.:R* s- ..{ .{k4, yi 1,. ,r. ''rY': -ir,' - ' X ., •:-.' .^ .{' S9t1'$!✓'•
n .{4 h•x:,'V. :'F.{': 4. }J5{. 5 -iX -'�"'(' :'44.':
i^ s{: 'St
�'µ .
n
K. }
spy Y.� �('`.'•
.�'.: }�''� "77r'-
i1
x• 1+
{ r1{' • �.
d
h, t
.. r,y vr.' i.'
"lr .h'+T'ii '4
�,
, Jc,2
3 y_.
wk's• �' :•:{".
fes``.',4.
4�' +,,F
{•x
{• L x
.
{4 J•"
t
,yam r rr ,'r:, ,'.�:::
f. r -,:r} t-Q ".._.J r.' t 55 :'''�rr.
..<•' : �.:::•.4�,p{. .. '}':,t. ,i 4. .. y,.� 'r::.'r .•-4. r: w ^7'. '} �•.:i{-.:7,Sy, "G` :�C•�9
,'. } ,d._ �i',{•`,, 44r ."}.. fk'. �f. � '^?K ?c• ,rv- , :�pkty" 7:. :ti". 2.�.,.,,
.9.. {, ,-.,, ,. {{ .r ,r. . {fi<•'rl'-,r,{ ...tr,'' ^ '::i`C,t}X 4:r. ,.r.", •S. ?4"} :' }pq,
'... : t;, ..t{.;. .,. <, , ...'.,.,,••::• } :.. ,:: .r. ,':%:- F}. <.'v'' _ it - ;•:K4`N4,-,
r
{. 4.. r., ,y.�,. _ �.,.:, ..�',.'.. � , ::.-.:'.�},{ , �,,k. f 'f.' ,, ,4,. - r�'T4 ',r.v:6a4*?t+, '
.k .. ,(,. 3" x , "�{..,..'.f ,.... :: ,r; ..},., ..:. -,"{ ''yy ,a :.. "{4 .,•F.. ,�4`. tib:
�•-�- , ,,.r.. : :r:3'. ..J y...,. ',� r '�',,4 ... {A� r :�:C'� .'4,4 :1-11;' W[�eec 'da�4 {,
{ z .
{:
i}.. •fir: .{
" {: {
F'
- </
:�
fi 4` ry
4:'•.
,04 ;l r
r.
'Sl, .. 'rjry/..
;+t{''I +
�:fisc 4c :;:,
<x"
«` ,-`..
{
'rf $
XDR•. {
'3x `!5
1� Y
kr. ..l•r ��,;.j -X•r• -
r
{ :r:J
t,`
l
yy�{
}
f{.
,r'
x
r.
3r
fi'' x'
Y y
r ,,y,
J.
�., r.{
v M^
K
r:;.-
�rr
:: ::
r� , Y. r.4i4,
ti
}4. <r:
a, ,4y. :
....
:xr
.}^�{' :{„ yp�py�'. :.'. :: -t•-.}�t :. r.�:. ...• .. r.,. .Y•,ar.: ,rT�{..f•'-
r. -.$r. .':. a.+.•rr.,..:, ...,{rh�..! �:, C'J 4n r.}., .::3.x :':'." :,$',.•.4,,4
}j� �<�.
.-+ k: ,.,+6 4"',};:-' rt :'-' .i rf;S k. r .;! .,}; i0
.,�, :, ..?(rh' ? .':., Y.`,4'1.... : •. r, r•. -- .. h...:.:,../.{.Sy:It„'{: :`r lri', 1':'!i{
„ : 4 :.,: y,. 'v•..,s.,.+, :,..r. .f. ::,{., -.:{ a;r• v t r: ''^" .x,t, .. ,.rf,.l$.4�4..,rr,:;r' .,,Zs'{.,Y �
-::. r4' .J 4f. ,. : ,. .. - .... - i3 rJ.;Q,,%,{�.. ,,,,.;,24`'. ..:..C'`t :..}'rrr F✓
. ¢{. J
4 r. r � 4[ .4 ''i„{'{ ;�r..,.- r,.. :. 5: .a.�'.••', < 5:{..;�'. .♦ ''h4 vr}Cf' "I.. ;}y
}. .. .}(r: .. ''1 � {s.-nj'S'�'�{" y' '''4�i�ACf' :1 ; K 1'h:. .}
-r :: _ d
+} �y�4
` {'f '
::i {
r „,.
;; 4 3i s.
{:.,..
f Y rSaSA'ta 3. x .
,.:.- {kX.+ .. "' r}*. - ti:. .•#{.fir.f,$ 'r X<Ns:wRx'} .-v',-,f$ '.1-}
:..,
:
.r
<.r .jr { ,3 t�j y'<' ?'f.,. } 8 ,'vv,4i'.r��,R".'},,, .7 5GC. 1h} "., ,h.,
:Sr .,�i -0-o rti'''' .44' .+J. •r`{ "':,^:{:;: n}:.Y _
?:t ta: •S'x } {; , <M { xl i>;;^, r•r., 3r^, rx'Y.• h
n r..
3 rr
�,+ v}}
a { nx} '
{. w,.;: sem" x / 3rk: :::••;�..
!.'}•r .,r}}r �r L... ..}C, yr:r. .,'•r r, r:.h k
.-,. .: r.. , - - i{ �, .: �: - ,,c}4?'' ;t. } ad�r :"...,'4':}4.:'.'S`s:aSc,.'.,.
u nr' { y it }', f,.. 4ti . Kra{t:ti" x•{};' w }
�,{�• 9 r ..r. a {t'.. ...f.. }}..r. .k :�'<'rt':-r .:.;.r, .,. .,?r r•}.. 4 Jr 'K{;
M1' y .::... / y �'
f--'7 - . - .'. {}- :. ,4._., '*^ {,•{..v..:..?,.... ...+3, ::}. iG •if'Yr s4 "7^h ;iK94 { rr:}; k:.
.} h r.T.}}r....{ti+ rr{+y5 ,.;.• 4 ,. {,r4, �:+K...� :,-%-,,4•:•'t.6.- f y.
4{. "'t^.. .. ':.,., : ....- '.n.';r r.. ,,, :`:ir•.;. .K`.J. {..},.:1�. 4'44
''•.i�r" {a SCv.. f�� ,{
�)t( ' '
r� qaa - �4r�
:' � {-
i:.:.....'.9" ', -.•.,; - '., .,-'� � . 4 :.h'~ } i'3'}i•.�fj/ :;:}:: .+)4'Y,.'. •.{ •v,,,,0,}. }. :';Ct:r .�',.
r•,X.,` :... .,..♦ :., }} Y .4 .. ` :,':-:;:,;''.: r..r _ {�•': 1'. {','{�,•.-j,:.{{t: � Jf 1,.5
.. , : .,, ...- y
,' .'... r.4" .:•..{ :n'. .,' .0}'.C'S�" �:•.�•....�.',,6'f.r if. 2:'}44 1 `tc f '.R?srs'. .;;5{,r 4•r:. }C64
.? .c, .k^. h'- .., .•} .'}.'-t 4;'{f� .rr}'.:4Cv,_':{•' :-,t.. 4 i_2•r { r.;,,:�
r,�h•:•? A „v," }"''":'r}.{..i},,}.) .'4'. ,.3 t, .L;:J. 4.{.,fT.'X ".':•}y'• t},..
:: ..r. �. :�, ♦. 4"}:+; T:ti: r:.:Y { "�' •ln'r.•} :'{'.4'..{�' _ .y"': Jl:{1l�' ,'
Sr... r ,f i ��� ., .:r .^.• -rN•- 4'.•✓J rrY
.,,r
♦ • 4.'.Y•.•.r :%bi' •.{{-..)': '.v,•. {', - 'r' t4}:{.'.'.iii r r'�'.'r' j:.4. v✓ 'r.J •,
.,:. ,r},.. "r" ;J:., ..a.. .,,.{ ..t"rpm, . 'JtT•. .. ..'}.,}r.:. ?,••''$ ;.,,v r{', -,".11 :``{„•. {.
..4 rXK X •/$:S.-,, •t xr.: Qc{' .{`l ,'.,"`E
• r• K• ,P.. :, ,-.. : ,.v ,{'r, ......}: Y .", ., rl.4 :'r{• y �,� ;4G•:tk• !.} 4„n r`.v,43 -r.
. r a{:•' .{ , ,..vr. ,4 `�' ,. ._ ...y� + x,,, S'.'.`Xi<4' ."r 3'•h
4�'
.. ., r r. .: ..x,:.-. 'r. ' �.r.,...:','., :;Xf�.,•y„r. : N.;. 'OS ,y.' f'r':::'::;:•f. .`'"Y} .? in.4 r
s *rye { {, ftx #.3 }{,x"h k# x {4 Y -
. Vit'';- �1 r t'. 4 :.•$Yr':':.4• ,
T.,. •.,. '..f „qrY .,' r�...,. Y � : ,.i-.....•.. ,..,, ,, :., .. '. ..:,'$:,: ':y..- .Sr,.rr. {.r." ':.ti,Y,4'}i.: {r r r5•� .7J.. v�•irF,:' .}K.. t"Sr
.:. ..:' r '.'tiJ: `,K{ :iF'..'. -r-::l:h' :, r rr..,. �]r ,;,a. .,} 'h'{•.X}C{tiff �! N :1.. M,' '4., Y,
.i': ""' r,L •'r4}.'•'4'.4., '}fir/
''�:
: Ai. ..,'..Ai',.
L 'r'
. .. {
' .. '.k ..>n.<,.Sb'A,' .ft i'iYK{' r.. {,..}:'; 7..
.S K4;?%i% is ."{
d s }:::
v. R
r
#' :fes}
t r
r ,:' ,
..:. � f,�, .. ,� ,,._,, '. ,'�' :.: , '�.,. .- ••:t. n... ... .::;?h��. 'f3'L'3t•:2-.:{c};',4 -t+:. '.''�''�{-Y' ..,.> 'titii3:.f
4: ,. .. t..'{. :-S'C7.•. .fit : ,t.,.... }x��:.+$+� ,��wrv��pwp 3vr.}'�... ".:'.{:,<: ,,y}',.:�:.*4, l$:,N,r
.4� .{. �R :.t.',`�... -{'^. "k,l{.{.}:;:^s{:'yr.1'�.is:' `+.'?,,20`%',.
:i. " y'
.%7 4 :}�Y?.- x• .ho- .`3
v.r-. k--;.-,,, 'fir• r:c.
3. '- rpt S<v"
Y. {''
r ':� r.. 1. ," ✓ .. .::., "'' t is ,{:'�. r� .Lt,l.
ext -r. rfn ,,e Y. %{':,.:.,1:0':;,; :ka > ,4r ,{,, ,-+R,:r,
l': �S
:I Y{ , J�, '14�V�t
<<.. h
'$, {{
'f4 Y. .,:
{ :. x,
t `5�' r'
,. : �{
Y :<
.r:R'
h
••V..n 'f 4V t
4 a
x, ,w� $.
}}t�om ..; ..',�: ..} ..:;:r:^,{,,. .,'Y t.•. .4...': G e{::�, r}5' r,�, •�
.,,.:.:..};.%:'.:K„.,. 'r ,.:.55.....'.;'.r. :�,.. .. .,.. f• .-,' Jt. .. '- .:.i' octd?"$� :?St- 'r;i }.4y,,yy,
..O....,,.. .,��r r,.. .r'.... r ;. ..., M Si{ .Ft ,S. ..{,."Y.iOk<:}.{ sti'v 'J{,,� •`,K
:::d:. Y:: } s, '�`{�� r ...
,�,.Y.r. :{. .{� �"•: .hv:< -..,'?C, _ r4�M��� µ(;a,.. �.�.� 'M.LL>-
55 r
..,: .,:.'•-1:¢'.. r7{,..{�}f}..'., r{}�pL, , .} ', '{. .11 r}. k ,,..,. ,...r-..'..:, :}SCS'''.1'4'rr^ - - ': ,,'% Rs.,• ,,}}..,,,� ^•fit:
f L.P. ,¢ '4 { .,- ._..:ZA• :4)•'4
�.
± Y;: g .
I -P K'„ 'S.
#• 7T 'M
,ry, •.i. 4 v.
{ { '.{{,'
,�y., t` r'
,-r+ 1, - yy��f+ -
-Y }}
�[ J{
/ T.
is {..
.{: .may, 'K
}. 1���--... y��
4 ,
{ .•
,:R,r L..
j
S'' r.a: i r r
f"
�-. L► .I ;t
i d•. k a, tic•: w'J
�: ti, '�y�t }r,
74.
i=.
ri
�`�; r4
h',
)' Yh ;1}
f
.;r
..r. :. .... .:: r.. ., .. �p, r ,'. V ...i+. , r•:, .. - 4',;>a4 ,r; ..,?v•`�' .h.
S{.. } ?4 �f
n .} �y7 :4'?.- }l{.Y. i s^). :rr: ,�y :':+S,Y' :..1•i,r �Y�:h:S. +„v,
..,.. , :,i�rJ ..-.,4 F .J '..4 .f Vn .:+'r .{ 1,: 4r, C: .{`,., „{,•..
r ., ,,.... .. .t... .. n..:.;:4. .. L.4.......r..{'r.r ." �:Y'.' Mr rY. ...}
€�c
,v - :;.}. (
v .yyy� - »d'r 4,. .. r'r.{,-.,::.v::t ^.•r,:•: .. ..' 5�, yr ,.,5`yam`' {
.Kns.:v .-r'.. ...,,:.- .. f 7{';..:5..v,.,.. ..;jt.; {r. 5f•$.w ,,<,,.:-.
::. �r�
4
'J� .- - r:,+ 4•..5':.4 ,..::.. ,.. g-,•.. .., 3 .::: ,', :14 .9• •.,, .� `{'r:. .S !,'.1•,:`'r:ti':•:}.,}:, .�Cn V.,,, {Y'Jrr
0 9 M I_j;l 0 r4l 6 01010 9 Idb 0 1
= - - -
- -,. , 1�11 m ?N-1 f�� 7� ,��-.�X-�-V�71,�! I'�' ---1�1-I �Xl-1 ��
,, -1- , . I ! .�
V � �X-1-1-1�->�,X� 1 1 ��'-"-' !�`P� ��"" ?` "!lm�`:, 7,,,���r-,�r��,.--,�- M��"�'�l�":�:,�,"?'??:'*,','7,��'���7.,�l,",?��` " - 77" =��"'=--,`-%�W,1�1�.r1l..71 � .,?,���.,:�,:�'-7�:7--.7',�'..�-�--��---,'.w�-���'�".�"��'.���-.�!��:::..7, ,:,�M�T-.;"�"'��'.'�r.�l�l��'��':!�-��:�--.-,'���::,.e..;,�
,�'
-N, -I.I . I
-11,11.1. - -;� I ..� ,. --�,I I 1, ��--;,, , -,- ,%, i -:x%,-�--: �',�;;��:,!,:.:�::.l-,----'-'
..,���.� -*.�;,:�:!-:-:::::-:��:,-:-:I�M:T��"`�.Ililir��I'lf�*�rlllf`�"�f`,�`l . :.,: - - ....77�1.'�,'�I� ':-:-:�:-:r::::.l:::;...:*�;::,,_,"......., � ., � , -`.�:�,:*,�::,,-�":7�- I I,"..-�_'.' .�_",",, ,�!" �-:::;:,::.,�'. �- .I..� I�I�I-�- �-, I
,�
M , -
� ....- M�7-� ,?� � ,
.��X7:'.' � �:,:,-:,:,,:,.- - ,, . - :,:'. ,,.�.:.`� "' -� �� ". ,� . - �:.�
.RIIIIX� , - �� .1. ..: ;,-%,Z:�--�: ��:,�:,����:�..::::��:�,�,�:""�,,�.:!::.,�,::�.�,�,�,i��:,�,;��:��,.":"��:!,,�::!:�::,:�;:::.:���,�,,,;��,,�,;,�.:";�...-,'����,�,I :.:�:::�.::,::::!!:,�:��:,::.��,:.,�:.�:".,� ,,".:�7,:�-��,!�:..:,�!,':-�;- _ '�,�:��::,:�!*":",,�:17,� 'v.�! --,-:, , --.�,- � � 1.... 1,
� . ,
,-��.�I .,�: I,�:. , �� ;-:11,-",V1:-.!�. , >��'�:�','.'.��:!7:"�:�:��.:*�,', ,-,i�:.�-.-�,:.�:;�,:!:,, ...,, --, I
,.77-:.-;:�;,:,l�:,;-:::�::�:-1 .-"�".,:,:: -": :����. .. -, , ,, .� I I I--�� ---, -,'::;:::,'::;:'�':�;�',"-7,::�',::�:7:-!�" .: ,:�.::;::,:::::�!:5::,.:.:;::,..,
- -� . , - -Ii.%. . �,.. --- : 1,�:" , , �... :,�::,;
.::�:,::.:�:-, - -,:!��'-��::.:-!,::�"-:.�', :�...
.I :�,:::,��,',:�:�:",� "...-...-.-�'�I.�1�-:.�,:_;,�:��' �.�.,�,.:.:,;�:.:,:�,**.,4"::,�:,�,"''� 'X � . . :-:: -��,iX` -,��.;;,.
. � .1. - � ..
-� "-:.-�,- , ��,��:-:::::�;-:,I I.-I I. . I ... -�<�-%��:-�:,�::-:-::; .:.:�.:::!;:�:,:::,���:�::����'��,*�-�:�::.�,:;::::.:�l;,���; :.. :. .�-::-:-,:-*�-:�:�-�11:1;�"-:.. -...1-1.".-.,
. � :7::-'. . 7:1;`-��-:::.,�,.'- � - -I
.,"-:--���,�-��:�.:�:,�':.':�'-''-,.�--�, ,�:�`��-.:�7'�-!Xv�.�.:��;,;��,�,,�,:,-".,�"-":":�::::.*�:-q _:�X:..X:,--::,::,.��!.,�!:''�",:,��."�,',�,.,,...,. �,:::.-�,:-;�� -;.�.�%,:;�";:� ::��;%:�,::::,-�,':%:�,i�'!�:::�;!,:,x 11.I", . ,:.-:.-�:-�:��, '��;:�-,:`��;�::*.::���:�,:�:.��-�7'�:,:�,-4�,-6:.:,�,:.,;.".:,*�I,.�-�-7�:��::,:.::,:::!::*:-��:��.:.:.:.!::!:;:�:.;.."�::-��.'%,:,-�.." I,. - I.- �
. ��'.!,I ":`-- -,- " ������.",'��,,,��,'."�,-..��,'.�,��:���.,������.� � . .;.],.., ,�X -� ,, :p _..,
.`:��!::!!::,�: : ::,� *:,I '..� : 7 1 _, :`�-��;,:�,''�;;�:,��.:;:"':.;'I'l ,,:,� :�.,, :',,:�`%�`:'r '�"'���:��:.:���,:����i".,.",-",�,�����:�:�
1, , - -
. I 11 -* .
:-.�: - .. ,:�:��':',�,':�:7::�:,',.:L-�';�:, � I :";�:*���-,:*::!�: , ,',�,.'-�,:'1:-�-�I:-1�1:�.:*:� �-:�:!,::,:� ,:,:::,�:�.",::_::":.�, :�,�, �::'�: ...-
, -
-,. ,
I, �: .1�1-1.1 ...I I!- - I I -1.1 �::,."��,,,'�,:�,.'7".��:.:.,�,,,�,!. ..- I .1 �.
. ""'', ,--":�.,�.� .��.I -�., , -:*�:��::�i-��"-'..'�,�-�,�:l��i::,:%.-"�'<�'.-'��-��.,"��;,:-,.�;: . .. . , � , I I
:�,.� - I" .
� �:Y-�,I -..".. - I -.;�;,�l�:��!�.:::�"I'�'���::��:�'���l:..*,�,.r��:���:7,�,:!�,��.,::!::,�':�".�.',';�.�'�,:,�:�I`-:,,;�,:::�,:`.�,:',,.,::,::,::..:,!"!:.:�:-��,.��,:,,",-:::'..�,,��,���::��,-���.:�.�i�:�.,':��:�::..::*-::::,!!:-!-.�,-,- ..
. . ,� ..�:-,:::!-:''��,�:!��:�:,.�:�-,. �, . . ,�:�:x��%�,,--:,. . .!. ,.-11--1 � �
I I ".�..,. ,� I-�-�� .I.:� � .
, '. " ..�,,��,�:,::::�,��:::-,:�,:.: -!�;.",.. -%,�:�:��,,,:,.'-�,,-���.,.�,- I I 1,��1.1�1�..� .,.."��.
I � "' - I :: '7�' , .. , I ,� . �.
"'' ,: . � -,.,�:::: ."�:,�-,��,��,�:�:!, :�;7 , , ,--,,, � . ...- ,. : ,--:�:����������"."""",�:����������';�!�;i�,��:
,�.i .Xj-�.�:_:�:,�'.�.;���!�-::�:�,l' , - -;�,-:�:�':"�:�,; .....- :,
-
,-:` z 7: �,:*",,:, � ,
� I;,% �:-�� --,t � " : - :�`,:,7,�:�:;..:::��::..:,:'. .-I.- -,-;���::,�:,--�-�:N�::�::�,�.::::,;'!�.�,�,,�:�:,,:,,���-,.-�::,:*,:�-:-�:�:��: ,,��!,:,�*'�::;*�-::��' -:::::;:�,: �
-,-'!"-�, .��,�`.,: . ��::,: ., � � -1"-�:.,:����.,��,�:�`--'-.,�,-�,:,.,-:,7��,-";"�;.*':'��.7:�;�-,;.,!":`::;:"�:,,. --,-� :�*i`�;�-�*X; , � , , I -
-.-I�l li� ,*
..��:-� �, ..''� I : :�� ,�,�:,:��!�.�:, -�-�,. . . ..I .��,.,� 1:.,�:,-::<��*-:�,:,:'-"57 �:''::", ��''.�,�",'�:,�'�'�'i"'�.'��::�,�,,., I -11.-- . -::i::::�..!ii�,�_:�,�_�,�',��*�::--; ,� I ` ;:;".�:;::-`�-`:-;--�, I q �,:�,,-,,�.�-:��
'� .�,�-'�,:::::�"X.'!�-�-��-.","...., .,:.:�,.�l
�� . __:. . -11 . . �:,-:,:,-�:.-.,.,; ."�-;`:-1::-�'�-- ".,,1 -:-':7�!,,,�-.',�XX,'�:-�:', - I- I.I. -,-, � . '.
- .I .--,�., �,� ,, ..:,��:�::.,::,:-:::,-�-�:�!�:,��:::.::�.�;�,:,�:�.:��; ::,I X. ,:� , --��.,�'��:�X!��' ., . � , , ,
����,-,:,-��: ,�-.�:,: ,,i I�'.�'- �. � ..:;, .�:�, 1, .�:,:�;,.::!-�-��-� ,
I -1'1�.".,.-,, , , `��-:.'-�;���,,j�:*-:�:o.,�-.,:_,�I- --'- ',�,,�-,�::�,�:�':�:�-�,.-"-i;-�,�����!"I�.- -::,::�:,.7�;�:�:�.7,��::�-".�i,��'.�,""".,�.�-"",.,",..- ..,- :::;-x:,�.�:X... -��,:�,�::,��,�!:�7��.::,::.�'-'-�-. ��:.::��-�::_!,:;. ,
, ,�- 1�1 �. - ,� -�-:;;:,.,.;:�::.:X��:,.:.::�-�,.: ,-:'.�%::,",l�._. �: I I I I �- _t I.-I..I . .. . ,,:-:__ I ----x.:.,�,.,,--.' -
�,�---<,X,- , �,�-.1 .1. �,,::--..I--I I:--"'.--,-",--.,:,,-!�,���;,�: .�,',,�.���� ".�. :��:.,. - Z��� "-: I� .: ":,�-_��::!,-��' 1�.�;,:�,-:;,:::�:";: 1, -l!,.::,�.,:,.--,"I-1. , : I 11:: �: ,,,� .,--,- � ,::�-!�:,, :-. - I ,I..�. -:m.��:.:,
�: ,�e,:�1:lx::-:--:��,�.�-�.- '-. I',-..I�".. !:�, - I ..1. -, I I'�-�1. -, - I�1, I`:-� -�;.
. ...I- �, !�.""., I, ..-. � ,, ,%!:�,, , I ll':�,,:.-':,:�-,' ,I .:.,:--.,.�l 1--l--I...1-1 �� -i�.-�,::::-�-:,:;*:-�:,�`-:,�,�,�,:,�';-:�.,�':',���?�:%:��.�:`]:.,.I�-I", ; ,�::� �:::,
,�.,�!..�i��.�:�,:�'�.,:'',!:.�,�,.: i,, ,, ",-`"�,- ".- �-�,:���,,,�l��*:�%�;��:;:�:;:: � .. ,� . �l .p. .. "��: . 1. . .,:�:�:,�:: .l.. - -
- . � ,: --- ...., ,- I �':,:�,�,-!�:,!:::I 1-1. . .��, I �:
� ,�..,�:,:-.:� ;,:::r:-��7-��,,���,;,-,,,,,,,_.. I �::����.,�.��:::�.,'.���i���.:..::��:����,.:��,�-��' .".."..:�,:'.,�.���::��:�:,::��::--:,!,��,,;��:-�--:::,�-��,:�,:�:�-" , !:,:::.-,:,:l �,�:���:,�,�,::�,���:�i�,�.�,-*',-.,�',,i . - �:`.:'..'�:,"!::�,-.�''.,:,
-�, : , I--.. . -.11 : . - ,:'..!, I . . -�I I�:I.-.1.1. .- .�;�:;',%
, :� �:,-�-:. *-�-:�.*��:�`:��:-:�;,�*','-� :"..:,�: -1-1,: �-. .I I, -- � �l I %
.-- ,- ,�: ..�,� - ,:7,�:�.::::,!.,�!�', .,:::"-,:%:"'; � - � , 1. , ,, I: , * 1.-''. - . I � 1.I---1
:.. ,,��::,:�:- .,!:�',�:.::..:,---, :�,��,::j,�-:-:::- ''I,, ,:;,: 1.���- , "I., X , , - :;, , , �-,�-,:��:��::,:�:�::��::.:, 1��1:��.,;,:.�,.,- I I I.� I .I "..
k-:"::��:,.�::�:.�::,.::: .� ........I ;,:':! I � � .I..11 I`�:��,:��-- �::i� - �:::.! �,.:,::� -.- �I�.11 � -%.: -.-,.,
- - " I 1: - , .��. :.,�.ll��,, ;�,':"., -1.11 I I-
,� - - ,," I I. - � *::I:-�:�,�I-X.-:,�,I". I - "���:.::���:,�:i:!:i:,�:".�'.�,.,,..�:�:�,����:.�.�,:":�,::: -�-,�!�:,.,',-:.:�,:.:.�-, �:
.:�:, ,,1�:-�:I,xl�,�,--.;,�.-:z-��'Al 1. !��.;- I ... .1- ,, :f, ,. --�, I -� ... ,-,':�::::-:::.::,��;,�'- -.�:,::,:..��i�:i:i.,::�.::...,.":�:.- ,, ,.::1,, - .. ����. - "
. ., . I I..I�-�l''.�-. 1..-1-I ,.-�.`,:I ,�-_,� I . ., I. I : ,.: .
-:,%,-��.�:j�_,,!,-: , , ,i:�`�,��.,'..i-�,�:,�,:,:��:'-,�:�-:,: ::.. �X,--�l`:�::%:�::!:�::i,.,i,:..�:i��:�:����l',��:,,�, .�:�;�.:;:,; .
� '..,,�.�%:,�:- . � ��"-:�.*��l,:�,,�'..��,.�;,],��.�'���::;i��� �-��:-::- , �_:-,_, I*,,..:::��- lii���,�;:,�,�'I.-,��1.`:��:,.�,�. .� ,, )
. ," . `�.-,:�,.-::,�:�:',��:: I� -� .i 11.I.....; -��;::,- .", I I I.... ,;,".,�.-1--1 ,�:,.�
��:::,: � ..,::,,.::,�:, � --.�,'. �I-�.��-, ':-�- ..1. .1. I. I �I -.111 I.1,"� , - ..''.7X;�::,�::�'��:!j;,�.-I,.,",.�.:,A�� % ,:� I.�.,�,.'l ... , .',� � .,.:'.,,�",,., , ".���,:.��,�:� - "'.�,",,'%',::�.'��, .,'.-'. ,� - ""':.:-1:1:1',
��: I,� � �I I 11''; , ..". ,:�:�:�-�,�;,:�":��':��`::�� :::�%'� :�:
I . �. . - . I . .,�, 0�.,� .. . .-,.., - -I
:, "' , -- - - -* - ��::� I . , -- *, I, . .,.:,`��:,:- � ;�'��,�:.j�,�,! �� �:*:::i*�,
,.��:!�,:.�:�:,":,:,'' I��:;�,�-1�'*:. 1..'-:-:_,-�-:, ,"�-�:�:%'.�,:,*!��'�:;;��',I I� �<,,,,%,�,�.� , ff-IFIRTFO�,�" -,,,� - �- ..- -- -, , '... :�,:::�,-'�`-�':�.��'. ., ':,,".-.-�.".''k, -,-;k��l .-�:,
- .��,!� , . I q I.-I - -:::,:,:�l!X!!::,,:,-�-%:
.�.� ,,�':-�:;-�;: �, -;.��, ,�*,�, ,�,
.. � . I I -�Z�-,�, I .� :'.� .��:,��
� I. � � .
,�,` I - 1��',...1, I X,�, ,'.),--,"- I I�;:-.,�:-:-:�.,:*�!:::*:�,
...1 . , �I. I... ...�111.- . , :- ,�� , ",- ,-, , . 7 e"-",::-,- , *�4,` 0 . .,:,,�;::;,:,:
,.,::::::;:�--....,:_;�*,1:-,"",�. I...I `,.� � �-� lw, .: -, .,.,...-,.A:-,vo.".e.-.Y-. I I
. I� I.�I. I-1, � :".'(W :-;�',-,,�?:��, �I,",�,Z.J�,:�,�,-,',��,,i�,,�,;,,`,�",,,�,�:� ;:"�, -,*�--�';-.-*.':;�,,�',,,"�,-' - :,
: I - I .I I-0 �I :,,�-;::-;,:,:-
I....,11.1.
I., I I :,',7" 1 1. - ,`*�^-,, �� ,'.'�, I � -1 , , '��-,��:��,:�;�:��
- - I -.:.-� :�',�.::��'--'�-�',�,�,:,,�'�:��...... ii��--� - , ,,,�! 75- �
'�:., , -,--
z...,�,�,-x� -,:.:" �- I. t�", 0 �
k", :,� ,"Ifok � �
::, , , . ..
. ,., - ,, I I I.-....I - ., ,. ;� oot ,-t ,..�, I �i
X:��x:�7--:7;o`�:::��:::_:,,''�:��'.::�..:," ,,- ,I -- .< .ble,:.�11.1:.::���
. , I I I ....%,:,--
, .," .". . I 14144111t I.- I I - ,*.�
�I..!:�,::�-,:,::,%�_", I ft, I �'I. ^ . -�`�-'��,,
t--;,.,: ,, �
,, ". I I � ., � I ,�b.- -1- � I IV. 7' �- " .r 14, . I �l *
, . ..
- � -
I .I 11 �1.I �l - I �
Cl�,- 11��,,,W4-wp,-,4�,��.-,*A".". I",� ,. , " - . . I..- �,. I .. I - I I.I .'-
� . -, . .. . �. .I -:.,I , I.. I I.:, ,.,., I. ... � .. 4 .
_ �.1. I� ,�-�:,-,-�/" I � 11 I- .. I-
� � :.��:..":.-_-� .. I ."', - ;�o>_:,!,A.' ., .. I � . . .4
.�l - 11
4. I 1. I- �� - -'-,, :� .,, I- � , I 1 4'$, �,.,:,��.. � I I-1 $ * "I -.I I �
I . I . - I . I - I . I 4 �*
.� .1 I 11 . .11 . . lll.�-Xl . I 1. 1..1 I I .I ,- . � I I .
. � I 1 �2..,,- � , .. . I.,�.-.--,�.4 �,I, -.;�' .1�, - , - 11 -�+ .
". 4�1 11 I-.I, .$?ax��."..,�:"�.:,.:,",I .�,,,� ��,�'':,:'',!.,:,.-/,,,:�--�,,"�1:,Is I 11,� .. ��,�- 1 .40�'.. -1
1, �. .I . , . . .11 .t-� I
;�� . "., .% �-�&..� �, �- .:.,�.--:� -1 11,1, I�. * ,�I. 11., � .
, , 1-%:::,�, -, '?'::`- ,�;',,,��:.,�-�7�*,:'%,��- 1. - I �1.I .
"�� -�, , I �� - � .1XII I I�
7 1 1 A, 'o,,--: ,�:,:� ..1--.��7�. "., .,, 11-
:-v,,��,,*- � I!, �I 1;,Iil�.�,--.11 .X.�, ,,---5&Z, , ,��..,- I :1..":��. I�1� :..I�-
, , - '� -.1-7--� --x- .
- ,-;,%,v , -- ..
I ��:4.��-,�--�h'- --,-.- �',. ,4.,. , .-
� I ,, . 1%-,, 1,<.... ., k � .";�� ,�: "," 1�1- .1
- . I� I" ..,,'..*,>,..�-,-,�,�I. , , �I.1�'l� .�.,o,i,'� .-;��I.-'I� , �45111�� -. � I�
-, I -
I 1�1,�,.:.`:i�.,.. � ,�� I ,� :,. ,-�.
. - ,,+', �* .I I''..1.,:4,. ,I��!�-_:� ..-,4�4�,W, . --.. .. - .,
� ,;�-I . , ., 1.11.. �.�....��,-*,,;.��-.�,.��,,��,,-'.�, �- ,`-I I I I -.1.1 , ,
, '0":`W a 4:�,�,:�.. ,,':
I � �l <,, ,$�',"",p.--I -�"11--l.. ." ,��I -1'�:7�:-�,-� ,�" ".- I
. I- .1 ,� -� , I.-..-.:�-,�:��,'.� ,,.,I-' �<� , .,�� I
. .,., I .I-��.,. . � - , .
. I I 1.-I I� , .. ,, -
..I ,� 1,:-� ." I� �7.1�,,-.�-� I'll� ��,�. I j:,. I'A' I . ........� ,- .
,
I -
I", t� - /, . " , , -#1, " ,�,��,- ., _� �l 17,,l�1-1�
I �* ,� A:.�.�,��--;-��- - .�".:,�:-"!� 1 -4 lk � I I I.-1,,�-�. --`-���7��,�:, ,
�., '. " . I --I� ��-,��;V,�:��,�,4��"'.": ! `�.. �:, ,1�:�I�-I 1�': .I I I�1.'.I, � .- .'' �
. I&,+� - -, I-� - -��t_�.-��! I , I
I -� �-4�I- - -�: I��;,7 1 '. .I�:',"--,� ��:.,-�.�,::�":-,:::::'';:,- `-
� � 11 - . .1.,,,
1:1 - -�� .m-';4.1, .4,1'IX . �'., -,, ,,
.. , ;�� . ,.,-
� . . � .�- -* �.,...,�� S , Z� -%�:,',,`,:,,� I,
. �. ,�:%`7�, . :--�`:", ".I I� ..1 ., ..
- -jj�,!:�-�,�: I 1:.`I I "..".��.."-".:,,.. , -t,��.:11.74-, ..I I
-. - - , - �.... ..., - "
. - , �,�, . ':- I -
� ..I : �I ..I- �, -- ..- ., I I- :�;...... ,. -,. -�.,":7._.I ,, I-1. I
�,",I/ . 'r ,��,,".--,-�� I � I I �-1�;. _:-;l �I .
,?�% A
- v
, .
,7?�, ,4�:-,.-,�,�..: . -,�,.1, �._�'.", .
'. I .�. lftl:��*10 I t�, ..�' �I ,- . �.- I :.� -�:,,�-,,- ,.,- :0,,'.:-� I, �- I .
�`-,-�:�� 1. --�-,:,:,�.,�: -
"I 1 4 1 ,, , , - .1 I�. �I :........� �, ,--1,- � 1.,. ,- I 1, I I
I .1"- I. - I" ,.,1. -,�:�Wl*l-�v,:,.��!;,:�.�.-�I,-:� . I I� I I-:�X�I*�.:�-�-- 'r, ,: . �,". -r.,- �- --- ,�. ,, �� .. I
. X'. ., -�,-�� 4 ,.Z o'�-�� ,�:�,�7-,I.1 �"I`,"'., *::2�1.'.:�- I - ,. X � .�, I. I
I . I- .1 I IV""'A_ , ,�1� 1�1'1.,.1 11��.,:.. .�'. - �* 4, -,, -�,, :".
�, ..:, � .11- .. 1. .I I I.", .I � I , �, �,� 4�';*�,�X,��:,,.,., ,�-�:��,:, ��'.....1,.. :::,j.-, . �
� �. �lIX,-.1-11.. I ..1 ,, . � .1-1 �::�, . -
* -�,,�-,I-I., ,� , � . , , 11 11..I .., I .
. . -
�:;...I
'Y- , `�* . ���, ',!�` - , � I 11 14;�,j4-��.'*4;��,�:.:,", ,�-1, I '� " - -tw
.: !,�6,,-�,,,,, ��:--��"��":, ::�"..:,.. �.1 7 I" ,,,�
�. ., �--;I..4-', '.,".-.,. � . , . 1�. ���,-::,�"�l..,� ":.�',�:7�,,,, ,.� ":4 Ai�`--I'- 11, -, I x ..:. - .�.'. �5 x�, ,
*' 3�,--� ,, -�.,-.�,: -..� I �� . ,�, 11 I I I,
-
. , . **,,, � .,.� .I I 1,.. . .,,,.:, :: ,� I
�' 7 �. --- �, V 1: ,�,_-, .�._:;.5-,,�!,���`.;,:..::�.�.1<4� � I'll ,
-t � i*- ._7V � �."':I -.,,��-
��i:�-, V .� � 1�ol�.,:,�-:;:%,I;�,- .,�� , � � . �.. .��- I I . I --,.;,. f. . , , ':
... . �-+"I",-I.,-",�� 11 � I- .�.-I I .I I . -I ,. I r.,;,-.":- ..,�-.-� ,. -,,:.�+ .:�, �,,, -:,
,�� I��, 1-: , '.. � .�-�,"I. ,;,�);.�,,�,],--.x,- ".,-,:.x,,
- - . .
- ;V...1
,,��-,�r-�-- *0'."s - I . ,.��:�,,���,%�--.,-�% .�. X,I .1�� ..1 -1. .1 ..-:1,7-:;-,--,�A I I ,.".-,I...
I .. 1 40,�" .'-* ., ,I lj��,'�, -�I � -�,11: ,, :;,;-�I'-. 1�I:�;,i:��!� ::�4,."*,,, �)� -,,I."I., -�,. ,� � .;�.
, � I - ,I .� . :-1-1,.. I -`-��?:;� 1.1,,;�;,;� I,��-�-��l I.. ..
- - .- �,, � . � ,�I - . .� :11 - . ,I --,-�ii< - :-�;3- . ,� i
11 .�. , .1,,-��: � -:--�,�:�X.-:*`:��,:�:*� - �-�,�,-:--,:-:- I
,-
. , 'J� - � .;:�,:,�'�;::�-�,!�Ill I ,.��I�P��l I.1%-;:�-`I'.�. 11-I..,�",�-�l : ,
'.:<x r ,� 11 - .16�wwo-v . �
� ,�
,, , I . -K"X,4v�-1"� , �
. I. --l'.-:"..... . I I -, 1, W� I ,
, , <'�-,;�� .
.I ,-%... --��:*�- ., I � ..",",., - �<A , :,'� ��>41
I ,... .��-1--". -11-I I��-.,, .�- :`i�,��-4-----,-- , , ".., ��:�, .�...�, I
I . 1. . I - _t ., , ,-
. I.:.I q -�, -- .1 I� � I I.... -
': , , 1-1.1". �,-, -:, ,
I ,-
. I- �,1->� .. - I -�� -711, ,� I�-�,l-:1-.-I'll. I I-1 11 ,U. ,::�:!7:�_ i� i.....�'.!:", .
.�",'�%j;�<:��A, ..& . I 1.�', .
� . I
.. .I I I
� 'p.�" I-1 .", -�.,*-:e"'."',-i-,-,��:�`:" � ,��!�>.,: �"- �,�,,�..�;���....;-.-:��-��-",'�, ,:w I
� � �,.,,, , -� �: I 'I', ��. � �l
� .,*, 41, � - ", - 71.,, � .1-- -,- �, . , ,� , �.,.. '- � I.-�
,1* ...I. I , �: �;. _I
I , �.��Zl L*1 I �� �:--111.1 :�,I I I...., 1% .,.� � I. � I I��-1 I.��:--..:-:-'%7':�!�::>.1. .. <;- ,
I I . �- .��, �� I I . �
11.17-.: �'-.,11.1. �, I.�,,-�-,,; ,�,. - � � 1,I'l---l'.- , , ., � .1.I - 1. I
.. I- **,;,-., I�1�----,!- � ", I..,� I ...C:���:.,,-�. ..- '-!>,,:�4,.e ., .� �
. , ,%
I I * :i�,,-,.:�Il' . . , �-<' -A ,,.. I *-,:x-,- �,,,,,",:::�:,:..:,:� .�!� I�-"� ,- -,�.� I .. -.,"�X.V.,.�'�...-W- . : 1".- .1
,. ... .4, .:::�:��.:'-��.�-::::,I�. .
. ��. 1� :,.-4 '�� -- 0- : �:X!.�
, , . ;x��:,., �. 1 4 *���<��;-,x%, �:.,"..'..,-, I
�, I � , :�, , !-�., I -��,-;,--:� . -::;.-;-,, " I. . - .
, "" -�- yx� ,�,;;�,.:7� -
,,
I �, , ,� �;-`- -� - , ..; ,!,
_x4;�+ I'' � ,4� '� - � . * v I � �� .;,<�
1!%'� .. , .-.�4- , � -, ':,,.:'-�>, --,
� ll�- I ,X�I�.-:I,S��I ,,/K . . I I ,-
. �- � .�:;��`::?`]-.�� . ...
4 %�:�..., - � �`;..---l- '40�- 1 1 -1- -11 . ""�-,,I..i. .. . -�Q-;-, - ., ---;�" " �x�-
. , , ,V. . .1� .. ::. .1.. I � .�.. �. . ,� �'K�',�>,.,.
,��;.
:1 � V,., ,.".,- ,. �� A" ,.. .I .1 , I. ,�, :�-.:7- -" -" � '....I , �::i,'.',`-�'k'��.,� 1. -,:.: , �-��,::�"'
. I. 1-1:�Il "I., rl."-,, -...: ;�� I , . -*�-�V:: ,::�:;. ;� .,.
�-, ,�4� I� -I , -wt�_,:.::X��4�$,�� -11,; �l .: I,-,-:��-:�:�4M .:!, :,.,!1-1, :,,�, � . . �
.I ., -. I .1:<--, -- ., , I I .-." ..-�, -`�,x':. , - V�� I..
, , 1� .::, . - , �- .,-, � *mh<;�X."�x- � �, A*'I . .
-1.
.1, � ....�: -.Z..,�.,l.-,--....�;I...� -.1',,��,-,X.`�,;4.-�<�,;��-��,l x.. ,,Kz.*-,,--*'O"S, �,-� :� -1
,4+ � .. . �!-'-�,� I- �"�, , , , "��.-,-��':,...,.-.��'....', I
I.. .1- . -,- , -- - . -� *.
. . N. ��,� � ,�-��-"" ,': , :1111, * ..,. ,:.
�: T.,. - � �; ':-:�,;.'�:7��,;:�: :Q.-"' -,---"I I.,.,, - -I I ..%,�.,",',,- . ��.,-.1..'-':,�,Y*';<';�::,..-,,�:.,,�...;.�...�.,-�I 1-1>1, I.A I I I - A*C. �' I I.,..,.
I� I Ilk, -, I I'�.�::;;.::ii::�,�'�:-�.��:";�:,.- *-�-��,:];�,'�I I�:".��--'-:*. .�:�,:,��!!,�,��,,..���:�,�..':;,."�,:�� �, �-.
, - I 11 I I * ,,�'�,: �4�111- ,1��-�,�,�,��'�I*,.,:...:1�".:,lw,�"',�-., � ,�
X'" - ,:-: -:I ,, ;�:, *�::�'.�::.:��-*-'-� V � .".
I , , .<.,<�,%:�:�::- ��,'�::..�� � . .,-- ...- -��.�'.
I ,,'�i:^- 1-�-'- , I.., I �- �:`. , 1.I......-:-�:�-, . I�:�� , ,
:1 . ,X� 1* A ,� .�
I . .. .
", �
. IT Ir"'.� �.-;,�,.-� �,� - ;;*Iw",, , ,,".
, ., ,� , --� , .7$, .1 - -.. ..,� -.
I 4- ,. . � -. -, I WW�:`�:,,Ak�; ,..::--- ,:'ll 1- , .I I I .��1, ,,; .I I W ,'-�- .6, " .1
.:,N.,� .".4 - , -.. ":!.j�:-.;��:;:::::.�::::".''�.,.,...�� " "'ik,`,',�,..-&�'..��:�;4z��,OT,,,�,.--X5��.�'-:�:-�,,�l 1.I I 1
��U4,-' . , , ��I �, � I -� ..,. .� �, .�1&X* , ,
� �. 1�1:.�.-� .'-'+,.%.` -��-,-, : 1�1-1:1 .-0`- . .I ��
, �l , - . " ,
I*-I- - : , , 11'�;-, ,::::,� 'I" , "�,,'.:---:-.. - ];:�'::-�: , I..; N ",�-*,
. * , �� � - . I .�11 ,.I I I I . -I 1. _ 1- 111. � ,0
,�- ,�- 4"16 1 1 � � I I � ,044- .41 1 .. --, - . .",�'.,!',p ..2-
I ��, - , --, ..I , - , �:�Z.*,�::,,!. ��.. " � ff . -�� . - I .1 ': I ..
�, ., "."'., ". . .
-1 .1- . 1. -1,�, 4 �I, .,�� I I�-,��',,�-�,<�;,�Ijt�:r*r,�%-, ,�..::"�:::--"'- "*,*��'-,��-.,.:::,:��' ��:,,*�;�-���Z,!:,::�%!- ,�,-.�.,�I..... �:;.w, ,-.,-:-�-.-]-. -���N-- - -
, . - 'i��.:,:�,,- !�-, , .-_"I mo "., ,�:�':, -��:�Z.*:::-! - , - I ll�'-111�1111- . . .
.I � � i,�'. . ,�:1-1>1-: . 4+":
!,.I. ..I 1,...,I.I:r .1. Y� I.,: �:� I., -1111 �"�,'�', , ,. ,.,. ,, -� ,� -
I . 11. .7:z;� * .,'�� ,�,,� - 11- ,�%'-'*.::..- � 1.
., ��.11 �. , �- I ......�,.-�.. - .. - �-�x�,,(..-,�-,��-I, .
.��y -: - .-- . I- W. �-� ,� ,,-, --�- ,,�, ,�, �:� 6q.",,,,%,,, - ,-..,- ", ,.,- I ,��j:�:, , � , �� ��11 v� --,,, - ,. .,.--�,, I
I , ;,�'; �, � -�.; 1U.,11
4� ': ,-:..� .";e � i:��'.�a.:-��W,,��X��,'.-.- " -, ,, 1��� ::�:,.- ,* -,:.I . .,
,,�, ��.I-��11.,;:, I'l-1-1,1.-� I': :�- �
�: I.. �,:":,,�.. , ,, X �.- I r-�:.:"�,,'-,,i���k<� . .
. I .Zi�� - - ��--�-,,-:- 1��;:-�,..., '�, I�
I . � w 1� - �l 1�1.I I.. -I ,X': , ,,.- .:..I
, , - I I I., �
,
, , , * " "`�:-� �
":�.-:.."'.. -, ,-,:-, -".W, �-.-,.W�..1 I ..:
---, I-- -:usa.,-.-".',��, �- k ,.V�"q�--.,',-��;�1'7��.,','.�,-��:, :t;�N ,, -
�� ,"6, -,. Z,?:-;,,:.44�,� ..1 .., � . ,�
.. .,A I '4400� - . ,..,,,...�-i��X:- ,��. �': 13 -7'-`�:�:��-.,,'�<`7:`�-'
1 'W�,.::-4 -+ " ---]�`:,"', -" �,.,� ". - ". �."',-:,�,.� �:�,�-,�. .�% -�.,,,x,�...:- ...� ".�,
'A ,, ,�17-:.1. �41��&,0�,,.-�.: ''I �� 6"��""' . *-
, - � ��.,� - * -
I .,� ,,f , "--�V. -.`� I ,: �:,:�: -:: """" I I -��-S.,��:.�4,�,��.:;:X,7"1:�-..,�;�.
, - - �,�': " 4*..",�':�,
-
-I
- _�' ,��40-.�� ,,� .�,:.�.""s-�.%;. ,,% � � Ift. , I" -�l
.-'I,� ,I " - -;��, - �, ��� ,�1+;,-,��,:1. .- ,�.. �. �.:,.�- I. , �'� � . '. .
- 1:� , ,�X:�... ,;;.-:�:;�:':�<� ..,",
:,-�l .�'Il -,i, - IPI&iw-;�:-10�412....i"i�=-", ,,�1 � ,-- - :�],-11 ..
, .
�,�. �� ..
ir �, -��;�,,,�.':: � '..: .
� �
Z
" , -
-1 - - . - ?.-; k;l, -,-."", ,f,I- , ,�� '!&I- �,�:,,,-:��,'�`!:`;. " � .;�-
�,1-1 ����,I- 4t'�' . ,:: --:-!,�--, . �,,��,,-�;
--ll,"..,-.9 ;-,� -- ,��� I �X,�, I �':
� > , ,
- .
�
�
� I.� . I I � 1. 1.1,11-.�.�I., ''. �.I I.I I . -. - . I �-4:-�,,
I , I -- --. ,:":.�`"..� .1
-.1�I . - .. I-.. I, �.+-. - ,
�� �"-..,... 1... -:"�'-� - ". , ,
1�.-�Sl,I N, ,-, . ,: .�;�- --X...1 I , IWI� '�j,o����:�;,.,:�,,"- --- ,�:.'.�- ,, ,
��-- . 1-11 ,, ,�-�t. , I- :�;- ....,�'. , �.
.. �, *. , I :YX,-;�'.- "
� , ,,, ,, . 4,<:" i:��.t�.�
.cl ,> -- ,- 0. �'-�14 I 4 ��11'111`-,- , �
I , * , , -..., -.,;.
4,---�---� , - c;.7�,,'�,�,:� , .-
I ,.1 ��, , .% ,., � � , �:-
I+.* . � 4P4 - - , .1 .Mr :.,Y1,.11, -��., '.
,
I , - �$el �,w .,4i4,;,:",.., , ,
� *�:- " �i��"",:r.�.'.,�,,.,w,,��-.:,;,�,.:;;�.��,�,Z,Z'�',:' I X* I 111.-1. -.--� .. ," -M Ix.M.l:,,:,-,l I , . .vl
- ,���,�,�11 I . ..";,.- :��- t,,--�:� ,". -I-X-,-��,: � K , ,, V�,---<�P�x,-,.-7..�- I�11,.�
-t�; ", -r�l-I 11 I I �,:.;:.::.�.�,.�, ,��--,O�-...�:::,,. , . . � .�,;I- I , , .
- � ,., -,�
I . ,., . ,;, , .�'..,:,,:-X:-%-,,," .'-'l .,.,
I . - I . 11, , ,:�, - . I I.,�l ...-, - -. , ,::.- I ,7,
--:! . -X- . -, �. I �l- ;-.:.. * ?'V.'..
.,. I� ,, .. �5,,-", , ,x%�,.xx-+'j�-�:',%,: _,A �i ...1. . .�.
.-I -� ;�`-.,.:;5.. . I ,�,�:.. .."....",� ., : ,� -.-"%��:,��4�-
- . 10 , I.I I ,�-�,.
I �.I
�:�." � ,*w,,�, -lk""-, . ,. I;,-,, ,�-.-�".
. - � - ,- :�'j, I 1.
. , , . ,&:,�--��,- :1- ,,'�,..�,l ,'X."i::��., `�.,.;" �A"6 �.I I .
. . ".." --, . ,'" , , ,,,�% . .',.;:� -,-.. �,, t� �� .l..-I'll. -.�,-<�,- ,� ,�,
;:�S
.I . ,;,, ��,. -
"'" ---,,;�-� -1.- .
� -,-%:-::--, W 1w - .1
-
I -- ,.",::.�,"-<�, ,;,!�, 2,-�,��,-��. �,:l I --,:,���,�i�� ��",%, ;,�7��-Il Z -;��11'41
,. I ,% ., ��"';,�W I�-%,11'1�:1�'C�wg I - :-��;�Illvl�11'1"��-:�� - ,,.i,:;.7 -,�--,:-,x z,:--:;�%,-::1'��`� ,-:. � -��- �. , - -I �yr�, ,I.
,;;,�<* ��...I .�%,,, .,5 ,,,:W�`,:, --�- ". ..'w�,,��
Ilk*, .. X ,�, .::... . I.1 l$**? ,-':- --.-'�'-��:�-:,.-'�:*:� , � mm, , ,,, - 11�11- �l
,-,*� '�- ,I - ,� -N ,;r,��.�,--X,X' ",I.."-1. -`,��:` ,�%,,�A*,-, . -!�:-;,� .1 .� - I �'-��- -,.--< ,�-,�Ift, .1;�' ,.7 �I� -� '=K
- I I � -%:, .�- ,�::�x .", �::��,��>?:i-K�*i,!-,,�-"i �..---"',�-, : , ;,-5,
,
,� , ,� ,42flg�+.�,� . Z , �, ,.,� t,'�`**X'. I-�,. �,,<�� ,:..: - ,�,+% .,�.. -I I..I yx,+�
-fo'W� ." . � ->'.4
� I- � - ;I I ..
� , r�� 14 t'�-,�:, .<.. - -.�,,-A X, %.� I .1 -�� ". --W� , ! * ".�-.�,I,�-:.-.X�X<�-::.-;A. -0-xW-).--�-. �.
- :1 . , ,-. I � ., ,,
+ .11-1 � .. , M .. . 1, ,:7'.� -
11 �.,:,� I ,,, " -"Ill ..1-1 -�:'--,-:� I� �;.�,
�� ��%,��:,<�.-��`Ill.- I, - :�]� !�P-�--1 .--��,4�. ,
� .I , - ." .- ,�-;;::�:��-Xw,*�'..
-
, .
1, , - � -, ��-.4--l-I- .-:�111��A�w',,-� :�,
. ,�,.�,, ��X!,:,.�.,:-� ,,��_:,�,�I"I-.";A L- - ,.,- :%. � -- I�� :--�,l -� -,Yl. $ - �', -x
I � ;-x, ----. .,Js'-,-I -11.'Ilsli5O�, , , ,1p ,<
, ,
11 ... ..,.. ; ::�� I � " I, ,- -,I�e-j4o � �W'- ,,,%,,_:,�'z,:::�71`�� 4�,::!���
.1 - �� . !,� , , I , -�. . ,�, � + , 'I"
, , , �:.A 1���:� - - . P.�, ,.I�I ".�,;w , .1
i �'.,".. . ",, -',:0,:,`I ,,�-I ,AV �-,�.-- -,,, - . I�,,
:, ,� 7�, 1� I�:, s-.'�".,- . cl,,:��-�:;:-.-,- 1'� -k* , %-------,�',�-1;
-11-- . , , ��:�, ,, 'I�s�:��::,C'��, * I �-" I-.,,k�,-qx
.- - , . , -&;�.��,.,-.:s�k--,-� �1-- �-�.. x
, , - , , .I
#,#� �l . .1 . �& ...- ...... W,�-::-:,-�5�
1 v -,k ��Wxl:,I �-,':W- ._g
� I ,� - ,-�,�4-,-4�,�, - :��. -�-.,X�;X�--�!%�,x
, ; , . ,- �%-. -I -�� -,,, ,.. �.Y.-.-.
, I I I �,�:, ,--- , , ��;R,';"IX�*.;-.�,4.::., "���,,�,','k,!'�-<x��:7.�.�,
- . .. ��- . .,%.�,;:j��:�., � I %, �,-'� .le Izz,l*-; ,.,-1w, �;-I� �
.1, � 1. ... " . , "" .*-�'k�,1�,
�, .-I -9-'4-- ol-'l� I'�" -- I !--, ,, �,",7,',,�1':��,,��,' .��.
- "',i,4��*�-�, I- -�-,;:�I I 11 "i
M
* . I I I .( .4*t*�
'X, -*�; ,, �� I..�.�.�:�:,��� , I "W",.": , I .-Y, ,�k,�,4- � ""O . '. I��:,.I..,e IA'..�
, "* 1* .---4,� ,-,,;- ,-; � ,W- ... , .�, , . , , .
...T-A,., �, ��.,:�o*
,�. - -s ��. ,,,1�-, ..,,V;,WO�C,-!<�,--�,��-.,�-�:<, ,- , .,:,:,,��-,"., -w-:, , . ,-::x,,�,'��x,-:�,��::�7� �, `"r. �,,0 .,%'� ,%-:-� i , ,
,-,+-��-.- I I , . -.-, '�;--� ,�� ,�ft, ": -,"-��,,,"�:s�,-,
r-%4- -'�� - I�* I .F�:lw - , �-�' - - � �,;�<,"`,-,"",,,;(�I--:�-- �:-,�"7'-',�-*"I -'�.'�- 1-, j. -
T C,
,
�� **,� k", ."�",:,--7.1�-, - , ') -
- . - ,. I��, 'i, .;�."4�11 - -,;-�:� " '��--`��I' � �,el -�.Il .1-1, .`�,e X-A--%--
k".X.�,- . ,;","� -,�� - .�.�". I� I':� 'n ", t,�-" :
� :�� -:.-�,,1�-��-, t.-...- X � I: '�
" % ""�, ,"" .. � -�- -��`�<50--'�- ��-]�`:":,:�.---�;'. ,- � ,.
�:�� -4:��,�,-�:%-.: .1, .X".'.4 ;. '-�l�-' '"'
--�� 4
. .�
-, . � ���,
- -00� ". ; , .., s�� ,":
*- Z,< '' , . , i`��,:,,,v- _]-.�,&--.�;-.-...I .,i �- ., ,'. - :. --;:-, . � : , I �� � -*�, .�. .�'.� .
,�*- "" , -:- '�:�":�-�, .:.,.'.'-�� ,�17 1�1- ---.�� ,
,� --�'. - �.,,.: �<::�-;,; .;
I ,, .�-�� '�� . , _ , w,:�:�.:� . ��,�.,.�:,- ��', �
�-,�,,- , -�- *,� .Mi� , 'C' I �!,� ,�
,-
I-,%. I .O", 4�"�. , .- A*�-"., . . ,,:,�,:� A-� .., , �.l " ,
. .11 w-,�,,� ,; >11 4 1.
k� I � lk� ,".-16 'A ,�-�-,`!V:;��,�, `14z�-A I - , . Z,�I I-".
0!--:�,,",k- .1 ..� � * 1�
- el. W � v_.,;,
I � I 01- �7 ,�,:��
41k -��:�,N;�* R" ,-,�;11��'l
.11 I I , ,r �11 .. I I.i:f .11,�. ,,�.`�,:,.�. �, . "::X.Y -"-�`- �K,,,,, -�%",� � ,��!i�-"wl ",
�, ,� " � � . � ,':44"rl �-� , , - ,:--.-.�l 1, ,,.�,::�,',,-"" .��g��, � `
- -
.5." I I ., � ,�<, , ,,. ,�. 4ft..,,4 1 " . 4- . ��,.��4:,�,trA&-rtA
. , ---
0 V , .� --� ,��
-tM,7,,j��,� 1. �MZ� - .1.1, .1 � �:- I , I .�
� I - 0 z ,� , i.11
�,,; - ," -Z,
"I'll t ��M�.''-��::�:.Z, � � , - -" I .." ; .-;,: . �4� �
.w ,.:"- . ��, - ,
�: .- �,,;.:�;�IXI.-
- ,-,:- �"j -I ,4w , ��i�,�- ��,
7-� �� ��- ,��
, �,��,� , wl�av I-�
. � � W,r��� - � I ,� I"..I--..�
� , I I I �__,, �--
,
.. , 1, . ,, , .111111!" 4"x-z.--� I .. ,. , .
,
� � � ., , ,.j-i��,�`�:�:�,�:`,:`.', � ,��*-,,,,�!�.*X,�,
:- I �,*,�-,:�,:,� .... ,-x",. 1- �,�. ;,---->4-.-,,-It�,6 � - ".
"*
. . �k 11 �, � , I ,.",
,
�,,,, , "^,O*- ,$- ��*�Avl.� , -�,:'XI", I , -S I �l �� pp:?��, - ,-� ' . -- .
,-:%.�-�:�,W �
V?�'�-,, ��', kn I I -,`.�� Vl'�'Y".""."'. --`-:� -A:,,�:i-�
.�I,1 1.4: ,�,�,--,,�, ,::�� ;" /I - , --�:�,,�,:����:I- ." .. ,�,�. � -�,:��.'-""".
,
; - � .:,� 11 .(I 1.I �� -�4-��-;;
I -�-��I -,,,�- -, I-- : , - 4-1 "�
,
-X1, � .,�., , -,.., :% - --111.I. �-,,i..-�17:S�Vl -�::�I ":.-< ,�-,�. .�tl� -�A', .
AU -,41:4z" -;V��, .,��:�-.-, -.-,: �: �-1 ,iii '0�-�'.�%" I .V,, . ,-xi- ,
,- . .1,:;, -.`,w:?l'-`-�" ;�-.1 I ": , � ��:�'�:. :,�;:.
, , , ,-
:�- . .� `-:��-�,x<,� � �- � --,:.� ,,,.r�,
-- . �-, .f X�N" 6 1 - -1.,::��,'�,�, ii ,,,
- x �,"k."i. IV;�- A ,�:& �' �:!,�l
"�:,�:,", :!,<,.;Z�,7::,�r-._;��",.::,:.,�,:-,.,�-,-- I :� -I .,::,�,': . .....".."+ - �.-.�,I %" �-,., - ., �� � i IT -�71":1'�I--I �-- I ,"- .::�",�'';;.
.,, �`%I- . .�'.t, � .,- .,
,,., :�.I:li t '�-�'.�- � -1�. ��,: .;�:
".,-. -'.---;., - --� 1, I ,-,,�- .. .1 - .� - �-.. I `��,:-::-;--,j!��
41 1! w g*�� m-�`m; , '�' , .1 �. .,�;� I
- � -��,-:,� -W77��.',�;�,-,�- ""6.w
-11 11 . , -I � 4-:�. 1 1 .-�, � ,.� I , ,I X :
I �� I-I.. - -1�,��M,- I -.X%",,:,, . -.1,,I
I ,;.. I - .M. :�:- 11. I �-.,.
, '. I. '!. I . , � ,:!.!, � .. I'll ,, +-�-. I";� �
,,,�� ,1, .. " � .- ,, . '"��,&",-,-;�, -`,:-�,��.:�,:,�A,5 --
-..`� -,I. - .." 1.
*", '. ,�� "," --,, 'I'' --,�, -, - I - .�" `-.111- �, �- . ,� , -I - 'Y'll 11 � :�,:;,% �.1 ,I � -M7�, :�_�
-�.,'* � :,::"' '� , :---i�.�,
�� , ;5(�� �'. I I �
., *. * .- �XN- - ';', --,� , It ��"I -�1�11,� ... � . ., --7� -".
A-g,..�-.->�.'.";j;::]:?�;''.�--:-.!<>, -,<,,<�". I `�`� -, ---,�X, ",,, ,
. .�,,�� �4:�;$�"� - -1�11��-. #�l`vp� -,, . ,: lql.. , ,, --% -.
..
%-,�� ,V " ,� ,",, I:"11 , f4l.:�� _ .
�. .1 ,� , .... ,.',`�:�, �� .� � 1,1 ,
-� 4� , , '. .�
�. � IkI I"I I A -���. �r k , :1:, .,W,...- "I ��
". , - � . ��r
.1 ��r� ,�,�� I-v0*1 ,�!:!-��"I- j-- . ,: I�x
., � � :, - . 'k-,*-���* 1. I 1-,�-,w .,�-;",-.,�-,,�.,* - - I- ,: . .�.,.�
, - I, ,* "J!lFa�, .-. ��k 7,;
, .. .. . .��Il � :�, "I.,- .. �.. , , ,X,�'.�
; I, ,��,.' , �.-i -'C", - I .. 16 , -�, �I
:-�C,:$,;. .1 , . : �I�!;�......- � ft
, I -- ;:,�,,,-.-
I ., 11-I -��:�"�`,��r. 1:..�::��:!:`;��e,4,7:- ..��'�%-".,:�,-,.V, -��-�.-1 � -, . 7- - V�l . '�:�,:��,+-'. �.� .�.�-- -
,� .
-. . I." ,:�, ..
I '�': - ,I t. .
, �
Ill . -��, x.-, , ,7:?""'o..,.,,:,,-, ��- �,� ,�." : I ��.S'�,�,�l �.,�";�---:,V-�--�
�` ��'l.� �..;�W 4V�,�%-,,� �i�.:�-..-",::;`" , -I,;:�..�,*. '�,,,� ,,,'vl�"�,�,� K�:��; ,z-,.,,,, -11%-- ;',.1`1: 1�
. ... ..... , ... -, I 4�� ,
,
".1ho; . ",1%.I ,,-�,%M-%-,>.. .kf-Y>- '... ,;,�,,,_."'ll, �� ,�-.. ,,,,"': -,�:�, ,i:�,%,-
11 .1 .. , ,.j*-', ;k,�.,7 , -,
�I�`vl.,:, , - I -
� ,�� -1 -'-�,,.�<.'� t-""'- .;-�',�.-�:-' I'A'��'-'��-J-�N�L '11�� .1�I �.. 0-�,----,,< ;:�m
---�l", I I.:.. �I ��,.+ . ." ,�,"..", �� b I . - �W, - -
w
,
,
. -,.:;�- ":,.:- � -�-.- P, - -,��::::,',�:,.--,:,,-�---,-.--:,�. -�l -� 1� I ,,
"I
- W�, - .;,-.. --��,�:: �:��i::�,>,� ,o<;:�.N--,,,N , ,. � ,I'- I.1.1�-2 -,I -J�.......- � � ,, "".-Mll - -1�1.11 ..."*i0l..;..
"_ ,,�,."- ,:--�,::� :n ...I - ,* ... �I�'l- :�
."W.,, , - . --�-:,.-�:�:. . -�",'IT*-- --
W , Nx-�� .:, ,�:".�, ........:-: ,�m , , ',,�,
.A-41 ::.,,�'.1��',�' ",e.:;' ..,.�<, u �,�" �,�, ,,�.' .-: �
�-� 4�; �A'�,,, . :� I : ,1: �ft.. ,�:-,*?:��--,--,'*�--,�- , ", -1, ,� �.�,,�:,,-,�,-�:��'-�,�.'7',�� ,".,'%X,�-:+;,%;>-* � �, , �
.;".,�;� �;'I:�� ,,�- ,: -� - .�*::�, - : 14�1 %, .
, 1.I.. . ..1'.;..-g"--�--�a,--� -,", , -',�,::�: ,,, . - ---- I I 1,1� , �� -.-,; -� ';�'�,!�:;�,
: ,�--, ,�.". . �vl�m�jmlia-� -Z.-X:'.,'"- ," 11 ". I.... I
. , ,-Z- ---�-,�'I, ,� ".. � " i�&�I� .1, -X.- � I
.1! , ,
-�i::5,, ,��., ,:,,�.'-:i��';�,��, 11,I,- -1-1,:���,,�A 1* ll�'!��-;.X-5 -+-,x".,;!":��,I�, Irl� %*� , .. � I �1�I I
I ��� -..W-.,:��- 1.+ a-�Nl I T ". " , .�
).�,� . � '! " N
"I �� � . ,�:Y! -
I ,�. ,��-,:�'� e,�, I, "' �I�',�',�:�%,�'-�3,�,. � 1-�x,�IW I ��:Y,! . �
I I :�; � , '. ,�.. ��::�.;���;..11 I�..'- .11. ";-xidl, - �, '..
W.. W -,I-,� I -�k-:-�:*:��;�,�,-�:;� 4'�,�-i-:�;� ,- . � 'k�' I llyl�
< � .; 4��--!�6 ��7 � �"- :�
. X+: �',, A 'N .; :',�,,.��O,',`, 4t 4it � �-. �
*, ,:��, ,,,�.' ,;P�; ,,.�-,,�"r`, - "" ,, , :�' -- I -:-:�-;
1% - : :I. - �,", -.:��:', , -- ,
. -*b�
" : � I , ,��.--:�!�:,,,-% ,"", . -�,�:,�.- -�;Xx.x-, , 'x'�`, '�";��:I -.'I, - . I
.,.-;,�f.;n';:K1,x. .---� , ,lk�" -
;.,.`��-�--& �,X�`- <"1* A ;;��`--x-��,��-,:�*%�,;�',:--, ft� t
� , I 9C�I�.�1,11-11`1 I-1-,� * - , ,�.: -;%, --� �l -
, -....... ,
�"`<�:� !�,, wtw.:�-':� ,A,:�. � -
4 C,�- -;, �,,�-".*4W . ,. �, ,�
19060- , .. 'm�,�,-� , k%;:�,�':��i�>�-�,,;�'4v,.'%4--i�--" . -I-
* "� , ...-.-;- ..I I��,66--4-1:1.1. 1� . 11 I .: -
I-�>�- � ,;%��,-,,,, ,"..,:-*t�N" -.� . .+-.1 � �I
, - , .,�-�;, . :��Il .1 �I -� .1 ol :
I . 4 V,�,��I '1�1�-,l :., --.,�;.. .1 �
I I ., ,.��.g:�.,,,-�,>,..,.,r%.- ,,��---- � -
- , u-,�;-�!��-:> I I lm�
- �� *:", -- ,, , --,,%,-1% I, �,I,��p, � �'I."
- + . " I
, I ""', � , : ;',,,�� 'm�,,*i7a,K�,,,,+-s�,,� I , -
,
,�.w ,� "�.�,��>'��:.,<: - ", I �
- ., - .,..'�.�-"..Yl�:.���:,:�,.�,�;,�:.,:": � . * .1 . �; �
-,. ,,�� - ,��.---1,7- 1 %,4��;-I,����, I I`-�,':,'-.7"` I ,-�
. , � ,��- I
.1 ---- W%-.,--,w -- `v, .,x-�'- , I , �,
I--.1 .1'.'WI , -.�,1-1�� 111. I'.I.X� I. .,��-� -
,
.
�...o , �K, .+�
': . -��.,!;�,:". -,-'.�.,,�-x, I - .X.-,.'-',-',--,O ,,,` lwll�-. -
M 1,-1 ,-, :�7 1 �. 1.� �-', �I -<:� ;!-I-I��q",
- I , 'I, �.: I . � *:w"','-.1.-1, .-.11V, 11-4 4:I . �- "-:: -,.,:,-,� - � I- ,�F-�l,-
, '�Il... " ; - ", ��,-Vq�,v -:%e�V�,-
�--�:,, I `� .1-� �;- 1;7�:"!�� ��,I 1�-I--���-.,.� �l I-
� 11 I I /,!T ,%. -7, �',, . ., 1�'41�-;�Il
. C�Z�y;,Z�$� . ,
� . ,:0�--x� , � .,::;��7,, 1 1 ��-
�%�,x,;.. :-. ", , - ,�:,�-;-n�-:x.% , , ll� * � :.........., . - �3�,,*;�
c :,,. , - I ,-,:;�i',,v - , - -- ,� , -i24,
, 11 . :'�x�� ,A�:* ,C�-;,--:n'��?.,��,�� -�. '��I I �--.. - 1�1 ,
- . `�,,, "e"'l,.;,-,�,,�-�- 'I.,;,��-;*,:`:::,,,,��.........1�., .I...I��, .
, ,.,., -�I , �:;,%��,�,�,`�*zx,; .. , ,,c�
-&'-,�1;�- - , - . -'-:�`:�-X,-..�:� ,,_., , ,t,�,�:;-%��,�,�",�*zx-.�� ." I .
- .�''- .0�?.',�7;*'� 911 �,�4.-,x�,'-.-'�-Wll.,.*", , I..
- ..-,:,X.��:4 ,-,.41�-. -.,,,, I ,-",:,:.I .:;;�,. ....
, ,,- , �, . , , "�� V�- . �-,�4- .-I "X%%.:�::.,.:.., ��- OK, -,,
-
.. -,-V:�,%�,-, �,��:;�-&:,��--:.,;�X` �l , X., �,, I Z.,�7 7�,;,
!�� *�:��.'. .Zl- V<,- '�. -I .....��� $-,;, "I �A"'" -
- _g ---�:�� . _g%" I�a
�k.�,��,�,�%:--,<�:,?,. .� , , ,,I�� . , � ;e -I
I . --." - ]��-,��:,,��, ,.,-%`-:�:"�� 1117:�;�.:, * ,, , � , -
� � -,-,,,<,; ."'': �,:�-::�;�:`41�x:-::�.X., ,I."1� ., , , - �,-�., I
I -,,,,--I -),S�-t,i"'R . -111�-, � .--��I� 9- ,, , %�,'A". , -,��,. I �
�- A-t--,�t��:�:>�;-�J'.x� z - 1��, I
Ac- , I , . � I ��,$-:� I�. "..,, �, � �-�........ I, 14� ?)��'. .:Cz�x 11- - .�, I- I-,IF,*. ��16 .t
. � .;;1''�":'"*- . , , ,�:� . -,`::�::;!,:��: ;, ..,. � .��- -'l,-.-.11l-..�. I I .1 -- � I I VAI � 1� 1.
I , Al2-��' -'-- ,�.-�,.- I� �';�,�&'�:X-X�-.,;i- �
. �.:�,, ,
,��',"4-<;:�Me.?X<-I�I- 1:��41.1* .,:.�^�:,;,;,, ,w---- - Q��,!�,`�!�<�":��," I I - . ,
- -I.. , - �-,--, - - �6- I
� ,x
0 , `� L- ,.:..-�I�l Y,"' --I�-1 -��7,
� �X�: , � ,,W , I.� ",
� ��;�� :�-.�:,- , ---,- - A -, 1.5'.W.IW.1-11- ,"��--X,: . �., �, - � .,�-.
I Iz, ,.,�;;'',--�l ---,C- �, ,
I I I. I. ,����%�',I.- 1� �,-%--,,��--:��, �,��- � - I �%,� , �:-�jqo� � ,;Cl� I .
I��,7�-,, - . -., ,��,,,, 151:� -� � 11,� ,. A'�� ..k. q ,� I I 1. .
..",-I�- ., .��: ,, , � � �. I I-:�, i -, � ,�� .
1�.. . , � �;�,1, :.:,�-` - - -1-11-1. �,'.. �
,
.11 ,.� 441111�. .� �,.-�- , - -7-" I �"4".,',*.x.�!*, . '*if -�--
- � ,'.� e,��/
. " - ".?, . � ,�- , .11 - :'A - 11
.11 -W;� ':I 4W.- - , .�. - ;�<- - 1. I " I ;� ,.-JPW'
. �P � �� -- -�O` MIP.--,% ,
, INhIrl., if t ,I I A�.- ,,--%s-,l.:l "..,",49V - �l . -:k.
,,
, : , , --.- I '*' . ell,�'l - - ;.'., , 1.1.I I I�� , Aw- .
, 11 * �,� I- �;.:,-I :...
. I I,; , I '.. . ,�I,�' ,, 1.-- ,,-I -
.1 '' - .. . - ,l
I �.., �1��� � , 'A� -A&&-,---�.,-,-,�.',%,-7!��--�,:-�:�Z!��+ , ; ��. ,. , � -
I��M,--,,,---.. � ,-�- .19
��-.-%%..�.-- I-,' , M��,;?,s-,� '- . 141XI�1-1��l 1�, , , .�.:-;y,;��" I. ,�. . 4
: � I I -11. , ,��, � -
� ,"' .
11.1 �
�
� I -� .�I -I "I I - .I....1. - �
., I
-�- , " i t ,g, 4: -_,,�-:- .._--�.,A,, - '�l 1�I ,-,.
, .� -.111 '<,� . " ,�,�,,�...��'i��-��Wk��.�;.;�..;�.,, -Wl.1 ,
..- .." 1-1 I- 91 I%: ,��,� .. , ,:, ll-*-:� I I
-,* -!�- ,, , , Im . ���� � " ,
I I j:�A
%,��.�I% � , - �
'1�1 I � ,-1,-...�� V.% ,11,"774v-, " � ."�!X,`,�'�..I 1� �
I .-
,
. 7,i�e,,< ,� ,;A�, � � ,-- -:,.,. ��l.,It:��. :.,�- *�%.1- ..
,-"," �-- - -, , ��
%:,,��,� 11.:-1,"Ill'�',I,1;.�I-,��,�t.'- ml- �--� ",:� ,� i ,:I .i�- 4�wa,, - �,4-.--�,�< .- .� I� �i�,:��--,_,,�'. �, ,,-�":�
..�," "' ' '. --, �I , , 7
., .744,'�' I..:��:. ,�-,,M�.x
11 .,;t- 1.10 e.�,* --.7 "�::"- ,- �:-::� `.l: �:! �4a --. "' , 3W ,�- - - "
, .��111.-;l --,,�,!7'.:a4%,, %: ;1' -,�-,�:�-,�,i- .A �
�..,�.�011�-X-i�-�,-,;��.- Zx�,��-�-,:-:-7;,.'.,�- - 1��`Il-11 , I
-
. ,�--4qll" . , .�",�.:-�.:�.":�-,l�7��.�:�;�!' ,j::*.',��'.'�;" - `�",,-�-;�:,.%:-;�:'X�,-::,�w -X,,�X,(6 ,*, *1,, 1,,::$:;-,O-�.�" 1.-� �-,?.,
I� �l . - 1 ",".4.,."�.- �- , XA ,:-�*��<;-�..,� ,1:11"'ll I --%�-1-�I��11: � ." -, �... ..,,11 ,
" % �,, . ,+.��. �. �. .11
I �,.��-, I �,-�, I -%�,"`::��
, _q�, , + *.'�w,;�. - . .-� -)",�, �,, V, , - ,,,�
-!, I - -.��:"'**�,*:�.�:I,t , -�-�-X'�,-;,%,.�. ii �,4,---�I�, K�,,, .,-,-
I _ ��;,::%,t:�,�-��'�f '. ,.,,, 1... 1:,%!N-�1'4, �, ,;% �... I � .4 S�A
1��- - , - I-M. I , e,:�xr�--',� �l-, 11 I I . I.-
. . - :V�,-!:�-: ,:,-�:.�:�-.-'I-:�;,.%,-0 --�;7,.�,:�;:��,-.�`�-,:,,, .I ," ". I. I
-��I I 1�-'-1.;.'.�- -,;4��, --�--�,I- . - �,Ic",-��, . ; ,- "Ill-1 � I ,, "��:::;'".,< :,*o,
.. , <%�*�-, , 4�1' ; " e-,,-�:�,*-� ���1;;�*.-:-:�,:��--,�:: �i��.��:��:�.?..�, . , . ,
� � ',W�-*o�A,�:i:�:-:, ;yl .1.�.��::. -�-:--;4 I�'< .. . . - - -�� I I, �1'46:.:114��'?�.:- �*P4-
,*- )W. .��::;�rl_ ..-I�."..".,.".:.:,�:...��:.".."Y,:�',�'."�,:� ,., - �I � i',��
I., 'AL� , . -- ''. '��.��,,M.,�-�.m- .. ,*_' .,<.:;I "', , ,
. i, - --. - I -�,,': , , ,- . -x I - I 4� �. .4
1 , -,�&� . I .,. - -,-,'�,4���-�, �X.1.1...��,,,�W,-X-��-'�4,:;, �;,�7 �" Ix-.-.;�,:.:, ,-i. X:*",: I
--- - 1." ..
..
I � .�,.��::.�� k.,.. �" ,: �', �l '*�-i:�`:�:�;: 1, ..;`x.:,"� I- ,�_�:"�:�� .
, ,. � " .,t ,-�-- -% ,-- �l . � ,�-,,l�.- 'Aft;
I � � I 1�-: �I :%,�" ", I I ,, .,:�%;�'A",;�� � . 4 ,. I
, . . ," .. � .`:::� "'. ,
."Rt .,. -'.-,�,, I A " &-Y<,�-:-%.,�+�:�. , -__�, ��.',�6'-�;�:�-:*:. �-:::��-�, . - ...-r I. I...,. -�-- . �I
I , I `:I�r,�,,�, ,,,.��, ,�.I .� .�'se.-':%,4::::::.:::., , 5c,,- ���,-;,',.5,.-1-7�w, -� - , �+� ��.-�,V,I ..�:
,� , , , - I". � A4.�-"" I .111)�",-,.,-,,�I� ".. "'..'.-
.
I � ,� -., ,- --1 1�-* ��i��:'��-��.-"`:-,,-e*,� .., ::" . . - �,-: .
I I . ,�:�� ,, .. ,,*i,., 1,5:,W.m �l,,�.4 .11': ,,, .1. .."%,+ �- ,
I
I , ': ,,, �,�*-.11. x P � - !��. -
.7,:�. �. _ � �, . _J,�,.,��:*.'��;,:��,
��J�% I ,;�"-$. 1
l'-;&e ,-�- �": . , ,,ft %"*vW&Iiwl6&�.,,*" + . -- , � %."'..,,",', .',:�-�',�-.-.-�--- .I . &+'%-��,.,�.-� .-;��:'+�,-"-�� ,
I oll ,:�
.
.1 -14,111,
, , ,, ,- ,.% ,. ,
-. � 0, �
� , , ,. .. �-W.!%,-:�<". -�. "��-��-��,I r
-I�" -:�, - -�k5<� - -- � , -:- -1
� -<��l -� -`*.,:*,,..-,- , � . %
. , 4 Z?:�.: ,- " ,- , .1 . I , � . . ..�� ", -,;�, :;""..l.. I- .lll��:*;,�><,� ,:�l I I "I
_ >% -�'1� -*�`71 �, " � I " .-II.- �!:!::;�-:*�-��.,'?,�:,Z%�!��--, ,:� ., , -x,. - �?411,,�`.. . I
�." . . . . I .X."� .x-: -*.,
�- ,. -. . 91"I"',, 6 �, �,,x . .�: -I-;,-� � 1-11. ,�,-,, , �, I.tt �, �.Wl�I I �� . I -: .I.
,�,.��: ,��,��*t *,�:"�k�,,:� :.
,
�� ,A - .i,. , . ��� :-I I�,��x'-i:��*..::�-,
Aw�:r, � ,1-< �: ,,,, -11,
%V � ��:-��: �,,"�* , ,,� ., �. �,;;.�.�<,,%�%,�- -. .�: I . I--�--I* :-.,
.. -�W;-.�- -,-, � , .*&id....... I ,,MI, ,�� ".--!-���:,.:::�::,��'.�::!:�',��.��:.�-i�:::- ...- .I .", � ,,
,, ,*
,�. ,�, ,&-'.�-, o - , ,CK I '. "-��:.",-.,, �.---,-'o-.-.,�,.,% , . -, . - -
#�:" . Z �o- 7-�......, � ,.; I -I 1. �!��-�Y-�- . ,
..... , , 11. , �, ,�' � V, ,� 11 �:, -7��
,,
I.. ,t , �Alw,<,�---.- ,% .,.."...�"";;�'.,'."..�'�4'�,..:', ,5�'�.:�,l,. . ,� ;�*Il-11
�,
'N'Z"7 A�,;,-.',��'<;�� -:�_,,_-11-11-� -�-�:*� -::�*�?�;�'�:!�X ,� -�:�,rA-,:,.11-%';l-,
. - , ,,� _� � : �", ,.j::>�. , .-I"-1:1�� I + - % .--'.I... "�,
.':'��, C,---�;,, , , I.�X- . �,--�-"
� . ,, . - ,�- ,,, .1� �� I �
I I . - , 'A�!-'v�-`,� . -,:���� �'...-�.-X-* ' i' ..I �,X: ,.Z �
�pp�, ,kk�.,
, .1-IN, - , .,� -,:-�"�
- . 0 ��- ; -�`, ��-�-,..,-.<,F ! I ��
.11 �l �1'5 *:Xi:�i,��, :>X!�!-:.-���-;-�:.:�-:�15�-:&ff ,I - , � Agv.-,;��X'`
1- �.-,.:: , , ''� I
�.. .x� ,,;,X'��I: . I, � I� �,-,��, , v-:- ,.:,:�i.:��:::,��:,%��':� ',�' I - . ,"
� -k ,,,�.,:t� .$m 11 .---�,� ': �� �-�l
�' �
,��:- I'll, 1� ,�,,.,�:%;�,-�;�%�, +;�:;;,:-:Ix;%;-:��, , ���':.;,:,<,�.,,..,�:.x,:,*-�',','-'-�,'�,,�,:,��,�'�k
.
I �1.1:�l '4 I -X-11".1;� ,_- � V - . . -��,:,*,�:�,,�,��,,,.,�; . , I�, .�x'q-, �� ,* ��;�e, "I` ,
.W'� " 1,
I. . A I ... ,
�
I I N....-,, ��I' .�,:::"I�x ,1�- I -� �, , 1�I.
I. -� .r.�,:�,:X, --.,;-.:,;,;.:,,-.-,,,,,1,I-�,�',,-;-","","I"',�.-1 _ � I
.I.. I ?, I I , . f ��, �
- - .�I- Z-4� . ,,�p L'� - ,?. . :��,_. I
�I I '' """' "" . I '.l. , �� ��','.,��:-%:�� *X��::??%%,3 ,- ," .".K..:5�1 ,- .,�.-�
I,,, I. -. .-". -�, -1.,-, A�-1 . -,'�,�'--?-- e I.. .- .
+
i� .�'��.6�,,�.�- -,' -1, � :k�:,�U� -11-1�� '� , `,.:�.�,*�:�:!� .O.,.>-,, I ,
,� . .111'.. I � . .
... I, -
. � , �
.., .. ��-:::��-%, �� � ,��,5 4�w, ,4.:,-��:- - .
" �;,,',, 141rw, ", �,:��,-��;i�?::�:�;'�rr" -,�?*-� -
,�11* A" .: .. ,V- ., i . X-��.I', -'.4- 1�,�:�.��l-, �.:%,---;�-"--- ----,Y.".� I...I I� ,
, ��,,-�-
�" ,� - �.,��I
* ; ,Z.`0::�' .1 w=,`�%-,V +, , ,:;�X R"K I 1,
-."""� ...... .tl�, ,M-,','7-l';,�,',:;' 11.,-1 - "',-,*--�-,-,:,--:-�:: . .k
,, . � � .,< �
, , -.� I I �l �� � w ,
* .1 -s.:�,�,-
��I�,.. , � .,,� 7 A ,I , � 'I �
.,,-".,i��l��:"T-:";,, : ,*,�� , . 1� ,�:
., xlw,4.,;:� 1�zl
- �
, . 1:; ":-. 1"... - , �--5., ,
". .".
11.1 �, ,��-�,.,.,- ��* � ., , i.- .: ,
. .1� �," �, I �IW ,
,
, �-. , "', ,, ,:4"'i,.... --:,�� #4*v >,""-,.,"-�..� i
� ,�:��.,�,'
,
.
,, 3�%'I-.I- 1��"+,,% . ,�,�o i--� -� .11,--I �'* -,-, ,-.4-"..,�-�- 11- ,, 'lk;��'* I ...,,; , �&� .1, I
., " �, � ,.� ..a t I `1: � . .,�
�i 40, . -1.-A;��-W.,-i�- :--,---�,.�,�,x .I -r.,4 "i - ,��� � , , � ..,;,
I -, I kA I I ., ." . %�Wlllll-III.X.-I i�
.
, -, .� ,�. , .1.-�,< , .�, 9 - , 2.t�01 W.� �:x4-- ,��, , ��.
.�
.� ", ,
;;A, t. ,�4k , ,�.� �"', .�,, .
, -
,,
�� �. �A 1, ,; -�.
,�, � "�� -� .::,�,:,-�� �
�w N� �A �..��'
:. . ,0
I + I�,, ,'0,� ,�� ��l --%�;,� � i , �- -- �-, ---:,-.��-:;W , --- -., . ,�.:��.i'
% , - . ,�, ,�, ..I , " :-:�-:��x-�,!;%......._�� - +�,Z:,��:�:�X";.;"-;�,�-!�:: �, I� F . W -
e ,,;��:7.1 .,ij i 1-% :,�t,," . ..� t� '--�,.�:: Kx��,:;---,".��,-�� 1.1�zl' � I I . .
� . - -!,��,,-.,� 1:--,.�:�:, " ,- - , ,� *xl -1. I.,...I�.
�. , I ,** ,
�,- I -X-�,o:-.$, ,>, �',-:-�;; � , "'"'",��� ,��.;� I�.l�-'I -� -, M7"L�y
I �;�_ . .,.::�:;W. ,- �.x;�. -% .�]:�:�,
, , I ,
. 4�.1*1 � I-� � - � .- �� ., -�;, � ;�:',�� I ,i� ,:�:11-1.-1.1.�Il- .I 1:1, ,.�,:,+%- . - .,*-,,--, ,
'I I I . " - ;�z t, C�.,���!�'.V,%-, �:,-: - -�.,�` ,,,W-�- -�' - ,
I 11" , :�:�*;-��,:,�:":,-,,,. -, - :,�!�i.�----:--�,�".
-1-1-11"I ,, � ,4"W�,x,-:�<,W-��:��kw .
,�' -:::�---;.�; : I � I ll.�l ��
I �,:�:�:::-" ,,:,,� 11. I 1%. ;., x ,�� I I. ,�, � -.:.�-`�`�x,__,. .�� rl��l .
"''- I I �, .; .��-, - ,
;,�� ,,� ,vAk"t;,*%:;� 1.1, `� - 1 4;,�-W,, - ,�'l . ,
,
, - .. . - , ,������51';Il�V,1.- ��, "'' el,:��4,11 ', ,:�% . I;..- -:��.� �, ".>,,�x,%:,;:� , �.�w 1. I I
- "' , ��, . �,:�:,�-�;� ,, -�*�- " � ,.;.,�: �
, � ;. ,$.,�., ,;;r ,-�10�1� I `�"
li'll;�ti� .4�- ��,� 4 -,:�.� -
,
-,
� �*� �-%!��'�%`,`
:� . .. " ,
. - ::�4i:::�,
�
- "
-,;�, - , �i .I�i: ,-� �--1�i, *
:, �,�,� . , 444 . ,, '.�', � -. , $X ..".-I.
1%.. ., "' . . - , , �I I "!*-,�,� , �, , ...... ,-;�,..., - .."I
�l , A , &,A :��': .%, -*�%>.-�,:,; �01"
1, I. , . , �,.,�, . - I V L�� . . ,�-�,.�- , k � imw++�,, - I , .f." ,:�:*.,':�;-�-%',�- .,,� . _-$. . . -9�,
,5:;q� , �; V�.,",,*, * � 1'.-'�, " �,, ,i-.
. -:.�:�,-�::.,,,,�-, -,-,t , . I -- , , , ,
- ,�-, ,, i'� I �. :�� I � e� �- 1w, :. k ". ,..;w ,�:;+
�g , � � I 'A'�,.. I 7;- + I I�-x- "- ,. I '.V-�: , ,I- I �- `�, I
� I :f!,&;�,,�,'A - - " I ; i�N. . � I - � ,��-, -�- � I-
, ;,�- I , 11 - �,� � I x-1�� * I
� � 1- -,,*,�- , - "I-�:-, -* .I Iz -- .<-� . "W" ,4,,��:'%,,:-�-_-':
p:v ,,,", - , �l �"�-':,",*f�":�x,"'I'� ,-w I,". "o�",T �. �,��I I ,, , . ,
I .1 , I I , I-.w .�X,-. � � � '�4-�.'.:�:-x-:�,
, - - , ." , ��--�,?'* -�`-'� .;�?��% �l 11�Al;��1;��
I I - . .. I. I I �;Il . _�., I �`:�Il
,., , � %, , � <.-, ,. 7-�`N'4'4, --r �I �,��-il , - �I 1-�-.- I , -r..'N1177�-<, - -! .�,,.,-,�,-- �..I X
X . -W,�,--, .�::`�t,-,4"�.--,',� , .,� I ,"". -I U ,, , , I
,. ,,,,, ";,v_ , .. ,, - � , :7:,.,%%':�I '��,>��," ,, Z;w-,k',� ,,�- , ";;K,��X::,,,-�
.,. � ,�..t% I U-'-A-.. ��,�� -� , , -�,
- ,,
.,�:w "I'" - -x,:t��; ;-- �. ,�,�', I�--�-1 16�1
��' X* I
� -- -. I , �. "�:,� ,,,.":*� ...- -.., %�-
W11 . --,�, ��,'' -- � ", , , , -
. � i'., ,�� ,
I�lv` - . "I"t 11"- ��;�;',:::." ,�- �* ,�* -- .���,,...�� ��-:.� ,,�:�:;:%.
.w
.
"e,�;,_ :, W- 't.�w ,.,��,'- -w � .
-
�
,�,, . � ,� ,:,
-- , ..,�, ,
,�� .. !:�4.+,'IaL�11.,�. �� , j�-,----.->,�x% ,4 .
,?�;:k,�,.:1� ,�81 - �-�,�-'!Z��X-X� ��J�_:�: .,�,�'4:;�� 1
.14".. 1 , -,� , - - ;, :- :�:: ,K 10 ** 91 �o IV., ,* *-.1,� %,.:. I'll�'Y":�� --,-,�'t,�.','�,4.�A � ,, .... �
�:�-,,,---------� �,7 -I .-N-01-��l �, � "-:,��11;-. I 11 1�1 11
- ,, -,-�,.' �z �'-
I �.: .* . -,�-� ... �. .11, .. -,'. -
,
.�"' . � , , i"N$1- W`*, ;�',:�,:.*A��,� ,-, .. ,-A-:6� , `75� .,-� �: ��
k. I� ,� I - ,a:
, , , $11 �,%
," ..� .�
,4 t 1004'ok, , I " ,�,r %.,:--*�:�-
" - -- I �17� " � ,A� � -;� � ,�J;l -*"
. 1��l-.A'>In,I� :r",.; �� �. ; ,-
W.- ,�,. . - .�- ,�
�r ��� ,`�. �T. � .1 -X"V, -". � ��,
OT * �,". , , - -
,,X�,,� "IF - '6.'-Y,-�- 1 1111.1,�$� , . �
p -11- - . -,�, .1 , . �, .. I ,��
,
� ,� , .�, ,�,:��,', I ��-�-7-7,�7.,�-." � .�, I N; �X%,. *!7�� �� , , , M�W�� ,��
, �. P"', I . , :,:�� N , -..I
.
. -4, �.;g��-. la ,;��. " i%'�-,'��?S�;, �11-� .Y.x -�
:�� . I ,� , -��, ,i,�-: --V��:�,.4e <�,
,,, I -�?,�-77
, ,. � � �.�.X,::;�,��Z��;�,�, '. , '.'V-1 I.. ;i,
"' .- , -,,�.. 'i^' -�.�
,
. .
I :�'�l+I" , N- ,, *�,;-�,;. ��,�r?I� 1�- " I 11 , ,4,15� 114..", ,,�, ."-��;,i:�-z�
11. - ,��,., I 1�1 ��-, ,: "- I�!�:t.'<� AdAw,"I I � . . ��� I
,� I - - .. 11 --
i - . ,I& . W'P.",,"** :�. -,(,,;�,��-�10 i� -�-I- ,,�, ,.,�:;, ��.,, �I I
. � . . . �A
� "...Z,14 1-�I -,��:,`��X-X. �r , t F
�lp", -A,:�� � x I �K ��":!��,:,---: �� -fl
, �- . .�r �, .1 , - x ..
1.14� ..§ ,q,�,�K-*,-', .- -".,,,, -%, .
� ; -�,-,� I ,- � , - i,,� I lw....�,-- �
" � ".. * ��,�,�-Il M-��` el. ---�l;'ll ...I'<-*-*-�$'. :.�%l -1. I -,"'.1, �. -- -
, �.. .I Z- *,- -� ;1- ��`Fl,,1117�1-,�%� � �"'.41�'�,A m., -%:�-,,--W-?;��,
. El" ":::- ��:;::�-�-- ,":.:,,,,,,, _,:I�� I I 1.111".
�� I ^1 11T.x-I�' '-;s :,,-�wi�-:��:%i:XX��.,� I F.,, ,, �M!4K . "
;� ; :.IN,-�,P�, VL I, :,��,-:,, .m�"-:1 v,� K�K`,- -�;-,�, �wg7$7�,� "'
�:. ..�.I � . . -��-7 X "I�ff,--.��0,, 4k-----�%7 I.:�,�,:,�.�,,�...:.";����!��.,!���L 1�*,;...::�:,,','j.'��:::r' ,
.11
,,:� .,<�'41 ,,�-� .....�1.% � ,7;��,," v., �- � .,,. . ;.:, � -
- �j . -,.&:; �.7w, 1�1.mkxl': .. - I %I 11"� ,I ,13211115�-,,,--" �.-�
. - 0,..'A ., �. I,� '�,.-V�?*-,�-�:� , f1r,ft, ��,��:-*,.;".:� I.. . �4,-Y-(,V�,-- :-�
1�I I � - I o ,� ����+ -.,� -�;'��,,W-4;,:;��-,-gM-;:�-. , '��66w,1 ,-,;�:
� ;&" ff:'.
I ,;� -;..
L I
.*-" 1,*�,�7 -- ,*�� . ,, ,��,.� WP I I w �
� .4. . Id. I.,..,:,�--,,�� - - "'----F."?
I ' ..A4,)'.:��:���,". , ,�-- --
I�l ,f' ,!�, , - .�, � ��".�, �-
, � . A ��- . ,�,,� ;*�:.:.;
"',^' -�7,�,-��.' -"-�",,,0-,::�%-:�-,,f-��, .�,��: - '41�W- - .;�,,�,,��,, ., :,* .&
I - 0 , �W�J' -,:��;��%";:��*�' "�j!;r"":"�,;: .
I ,� ,4�I 'X , , I I :.-�,-�� .I,X%"�,:��- --7' �4-;,A, :,:",,w,--7"V �. I .
, . I ..� �, ,N:�::�;:,��',,, .e��.�-.,,,,,-. -'-'%�, 1.-�,�!
�OV I. ;�,'�4' . I �. ,-,.-, - �
-�." .. ., S�l �, - 11 .�.- �- Y�- -'* - I
. ." � , :'�-"-.-�'�-''VIP'.�,'�A',`*;.' I%ww,�-�,
.. ,�
,%
,&, -;x �- 11 - ," " -W
.X� . 4 .: � I 1��' � *i-� ,. .- � � .,.:�'. � ;?p -,�>-X>.,-
k; +: . � �: I --,,�- -:�%*w . . �
, , , - : . ;m . - I, ."k" �.�,A�.�-% _W4-,1..
I A �,:;�. , . - ��� .-- , , 1.
- , "A �..:� , -N I 1,�� <,,-I's
'44 , - I 'Waai��- ,--.-�c.---;-D I.-
- ,, ,
,� I ��,-- , ,-� , "7*"i�i
, �-�-:,"� w, �, � -tv �,,- ,: -
.
�l . , ,
� - � .
r
�..-5!�-::.,.�,�-X ,�:�� I W. - �1�� '.
, v ,4( 0,10 ,:. �
. �."%.. �"..,�:;;,�:, ll�: i,:,., , 1� .�:, k . - ,1�1: . I -11, .-I � -
� r I.... ,, I I - '% , , �-k 4kAw" ::-��,,'
6'. . -h� �� "�'." ,;��.--- �-I �
'?, ,.* ,��< -," i::��,,��:& ,� :,:� :;�� .
L -�4 T�.,., ,X4 4:.��:!;
;:� .��;�';��j��.:4.44�'�:�'�1'1
�] �,:,,:-: * . , ,"---- ,�-:, .. '��-- ,
:�,�� I. -,. ,.k, �� , �
, - �� ���%<!:1,a V, ��-. - � 1-Yll<.4..-�...�
-
I -:. I�*:: I 0� I , - I I ,;,>.,W,� ,-%Ill I ; t,. I-��I<i I ...�
*;Vlkl� ':, � .,�,.-P ,- , -. ,1* -��- � , 15*V-.147N. I .� --
,�,'.,M ,
-
3�1' �. .�-":,;�,,�, -, x-, -
I 2 -
40;
-4�k,&Ar.
�
:.��l
.
-
,
i
I I�
.0
m
�, MMVI�,- . ,,,, I ,�, .,I -:X�......-, ��
� ..I�w.1.I 01-1 ,-.Ikn --.- ,k: " , %- - - , :M', ,-I .1
- "I ,,, ,,�-,, ,;�:-,� -:��,---, I , , . �� � I I
�, ,t�:--,;,,�, � I ��y �,'low I., .";:: , I I �:�;-x:. .�7":� .4. 0,�
""""""',,
. . 4�.�!��--,�', Iv^ I -, 4.%r'.�J, .
% K:-� " �., W'�I-�*-�' . 4 ...3� - �
** . � I uv-w_ I ;W"'.. � ''' - ,
� .1% I . --;�. 1%-�71%. :-
� i--(' , X::� .�-'
" ,
I W . ,.. �P
�
�:I I ..I- It* .0""I" � 1�4
I*
- i I � I I :1�11-�Iwl` . -
,.
X �; -.1 1, .�,':-'i� A"e� , -*...... -li�le
.� ,,, I - ,�,��- �P-77,�,�-:,--� il"" �
- 1. - .-.1-1-
I.
;::�, -I 1,...T ,� . "�; � � �,k"4;- I I ,�Z�4,Yl N---�--- , I
� � ��i��ill Ill . , �:.O 1 7.I ---l!"W",". -
1,E , I,,,
.
;r-� ..Wl�,�- !",, I'll
, . -
,
`��'- 'MO-7 " I
I ,� - . I
. 1. - , ,�;,� V ��I
.
X
-�,, -W x
��M: -; . � ; ,.,I , 1, � �, . .
I � .- , , �,,��X-.-1 ,, :1�I'r,l.1-:,�` ,. ,�k
1��.-' t. I I . .
I - . �?� `�.1 I I-2,-,
..:, �
6
Al,",,�%-,* � ..
::� -� J - -
,- .1
- - I M. ,�r-�. -':�!, XI�4 _-,��M, . --1� 1. -A� -iNMA "
i a a r a olda
v�{.Y`h Y r. r1'h j4Y f
a' ,
a;��. ;{ifs } �ir5 t3vw(}4'{ d5 4-S�tKk�a ' ;tts sSSGfi2"y1L}p}t (� f vy4{{Sk v 6dr�
K'i•'}•h'�f'�'•'✓•i:4`5a:,+:{{i.� 1;{•'••,{,,,''>:{; 1?�''y� '�::'r �`' :•, }.{r :.k.'Lvl-''�: ..�''? ':�- "'�Cz' �"�^'"^�•'t t.: {;:4"�c+'" ''K',,�t"t:{{'�t, 7'}'•','rT',�}rt? r�.'�"'Yr •`7�: "�'t r.C}r'.
} 4• k {,r.k fi��:�
42'4 4^..rrS' rase?':,4• •S,4 {} K s:;:;' G r 2'.{,{ o-.� ;.}rn. , },, w} + 4
,w;,,:;i�:4:"�:�';•ry'''�����' .{. ,i.; .{.~ .}}"r �.,yt �;y'` } 4�' �'2"'r't" '���� � r.. accas�'{::,C,�tr,�•t},ysys,,,ic,f Y.}: < Y{t;•G' c, r';� fij,. ,Gfr ;j{,j;$;'.�.}r.4^� r:'.{.%�� ,-'4+t rr'rm�"_-'2;•'r:2` .{ •tF `'m': }{ `�% .�r SSb�i}4,.a•,'���5�$� '�i v
•�, ..rl•'•',
•'•`}''v; .}+4r:'!�' -'E+' `rS'�r�':.J. .4:•X' x .:4.. r ,r,
,n kid,$': SiiSrfir: ;1. FS"`":+' ���yyyy::,,t}[('} ��,•i?' ., i�:v:{{{ 24::>kr�'�nyy i• ,M1 �,.
,'�• �_ J:' !}:..r. .� t..{4Jr YJ} `j.WJ•,,. +.��} � .\} (� �:1• ..h:<"{, �R }� 1"K� r �/
{{r'•x%.{`ri•wt;<;`';r..4 :{::rr ,.,; {. g t 4k7k k�:}£ .}"• ,}. fifit�• i:' �`•{'�A'r '}< r rti�x '�
r
.,� ... ..J.. r...... J.h, _.J,-. ti r., , .:.✓. r 7: . .., r r� •,.. .,.-. .^n O�M1,1,�, ,�r h••t�" ,�''
,{......n..,.,.....'.{.....,.....tJ {... Y x .-.. .z , .. ,-, ...,..r,v;.. .... ,,,:., .:.�.'.. ,v,�}.. r. :•4' •}
.'�...{{.r.{.5.: 47Y. .. .. -t... . < ...,.r: r r�'�'r.'.•}• .,,�. /•'A:;: h'45
..r..,........}...............,.....-.. .. }}. .. K 4...,?tr5{,{,,. ,>',{...,...,.r-„5.t.{,. r r Jrr .r.• ,Y } t'#{>:{•:{^', tf:
, ........,��...J}.. .... ..... ......... .r..., :-fir-{?.,4?Yti X„}?. x :•r.4"•: •r.4�: •'S,
... .,.. .. .. .... ........ ................ ..,.,,.. ,.i:.:,....+.:...,..{,.}...{''„ •' r. .Yf•r"••.f ;,Yr•••:� r.Y
,. r..r„.....:. .... ................... ..... ,." ,..,J.... .,..,.....-.....:,,..... ,�,.,L.{.,. .{•.<'•.....'.{. fS� tS4..K �."i f '}}:°"J}::' :.tir.
.....r r.r 5?" ..... ✓. ..- �..,:....,.�..^},.... .... r .r....... .....�...... ... {..}hn.{4{1�, .,i.i�•{;i.{..�rr4•W�i-{.{`.55:'t. .{ rr'' v�>��':,�'•
r , r. ,r. .. ............. ...: ., .... ............,. ..... ..1. .-..� ,rf � Xn. ...r,{i+•.•,
K,�.,.4..6.{'t4. -. r , ,.::.:.:......'._. ... <.. ... :......... ... :. ...... .�.�5''.} t 1?tX •'?•r'�•:{':L},{t�r'1;:C'i Ch�
, ✓s,....<{,r..,..{,.r...,...,.,t.f{,,{... .., ... .., .:... ,r. .jJS. {;�r?`.v ?R3z^;{is� d
{ , , , �{.,..,-..,,-',.,...w.t.,........... ...,~ .... .. ......-.r..:. .. ..s. {�F. {iz",:,•:<�':{:.,:t:•4'cr "'Y•.f{•,+r'.
- .Y.
V.
:.'-. .. ..,.... ..,'......,...'. ..,,.... ,:..,...,,.{r.,.,.r.,}1 .,:t.v.?.:': v' fir.•
.-.. rr
: <.•t r, ,+ .,,1, .{+....,..1... ..{ •, , .. ... ..r, .,.}.: .. .. ..:�.., .,. i{<L.:i�•,n. ,f:L•:. t.{. i4{•J,{..:%i•.,:'rir,. :},r r ,�y
r r•t,.. ,....,.....r. },+..... , .,.........i. .,55.{....,.,..r t. .. .., ...., ,-...,...., �.•5" .4, .,{..':'� {, ,{X':{�{'..
},{.,:,..,,t,.. .t 4 ,..,... ,t.. < , r ,r.. ,.............. ,. .,... ,,.... ..f.. �. :a':r'.ri'�;'�:'<::`t�:�:�:{�'t%4{:.•:
4 ,....,, , t .,.,.{,v,,........,..,.....,.,..-.....,{. r.r.r: ..... .r...... ,...... '�,•,t•:4:t�:�t>'t�:t;'•}:•`:{t
r<r...v.�...'{r .. ., ,.,. ...4..,,,,}r,,.,..,.,. .,. { ,✓...J....,....... }v 'w5b•f:4x•!:{{{{{,`
5�t9 r..rn.....,.t. .:,.-....,'.,.,.'.',,::•..' .✓..,,{ ,, {. ,...•,{X{t•,:'i:•:{i-•..,.{.;rit;:.r.i'}:.;r%':`• :.•{..,
,'.,{"r`�•;� i{ I .4 .,f................ ,..-.-....... � .,.'r`:'t,,,.:.... .r..r.n..,rr..:',r... .$... ,r5.,.r..x.ti.4{•,,.:1,::.,r,.,. .},i. .:+{-f:{.};{.}..irs�},:`yx{}j,...f}'{..:'..} +r.:{*i.�'i,�.1.5,':v.?41.{.7.�..{•S}{ik�''�' {ir,r.:v.
ti;+n y
�r� f r i tti3;
{{''r:
kiz
Aft
1
19
F AM
•{{fYn}''4 f �� Y ✓,{' Yet•
l4 k{ S': r 4r1
err i
P "va.55,,...rr�t t i{fC,�r�•y{{i}r,�}`'Sti,'!}�
K{~•t{'Y x{{
}r4 tj'{,%j}r1 K�,,•Stn<'C'.; r�r>tf*•�
•t 5 4.}�, r•'f 4f jr{' }{ ,{Y"`S i;`{`ji5{j^
:$���;yrtii�',.',{wrS:{X�4,v"lG�r�:, L'`: l ?'•.'S•�i'
:{'�?,K:'<�'.}:t•:i�:'�{h:••:?- {,:::{%:Y'{Y.i•,YNn�t S.Y,;,
{,ti':{':4+%1',{,r•:}•hi{'•,":• y4 Vi{:'r.';{•..4: <5�.
N{r7,.;}S r.{"4wi55'! K".',ii4:i';•.:<!ir'ti:i-i!.vr}{}
rw'S k x-i f#, 4}G•Y.Y'lfi;•�<.7�.}'��t,�'Cti
4 V h
r
V�?1'�v}'•.�j.{.��'4:v.h;.' Y•h 't,{`'4•4 I''
h;i'::.�{;•t;{;:1:i4''}.f:i'.• S�1's`"Y`f.'V"r'{'�'},s;.{Y f
for
Yt•.rr.yr�:4{{::5;{' :t{{rifr' f t{rr
0 TM STA
�f
,},::k.:;:�X o-.;;..,,,'•fr..;..;.,~.,.i.;,.. r.••.•.,•,..:Y.Yt:.i••.,::h,•,•r.v:•.::.....,-.,,,.,,:,...,.,...•...,....�-.,....... ��`.<,�}.,,.�';j..Ss}. :,:
.r.. .., , .t.r.. �.t.':v.::,•,•:r;:.f}y:r.y.;{,..i, .}. J: r, 4.. .. ...:......, ., r..,.,,x:•:v:••.r
�.{r.,X..{�,• { "{. {�' :. r. .{ „ 4, .r......,.t. .J.,. r :,,.Y�.:•v:. •",,":,'.•+';.:•.v:r:wr.•.•!.:•.vn:•::•r .. ........... ..
{.,�1,, {t.t?r.b.t.$.{,{,,.,,,4C`w::r•:Y•.t..•..,.....`rr.S!.k,...Y-.+:,,v. , .. t, r:, .. f,. }.... r}. r... ..r , r. t ....... �-:i'.,fi:•,i?.r{...{{,S<ko'`
i.............. ......}....r..... .-. X {,M1',h ,.2{ ,...,..,..{......,.,.,}+r,.fi.{..,,...., - .r., ....., .......t , W.r.'-}..i Xr,•.:,`.'4 tv. ..Y •fr--... t
) .�..,..�r..n........-..,.i{Y^.,r.....,,{Y. ..4k,-.. r r .{.v...,X„�.Lv{,,,.Y.�:...,..,.:. n .1{". ,},wr y�y �!�/ v✓•::,~•!'":.vv v::. �w,r�p .t5...
• ..,.,... ...^. Vit,:'..•,..:.:::,-.,.,..:..,,,-.... ... ,ti , .S .,� {,,. �:� ,j.�.,.{:{.:Y.rr,..�M: , •`'}. w.+ rr•t,".•i ,r
{ „,.n ......,:.,,...,...r..?{{.t...X.,{,.4 r+..{ .., + r,.. .. }.✓.r x.,,...t. ....r., ,... :-{� f,f.•' ;}�.,.i,{.
.....,, .�#.. .,.,,j....... ............... ... {n. , ,.,..{..<�{,,.,4...{-.r.i.,.,lr2 , f ,(�+ -: •• .r r��: }5�r ry.} r4.4r,;%:{':
? .,, ,., ,T...,,.r ,..........} ... .r ...�.... �..,..... , ..•..•.t..:.....}.., ..�•�'... .;Cp, .'}. I 1C:'{',.{'?+':. ,4:}"'r;'0'.{•}t .,{.•',Yr; tir{l�,
✓{.,,v.{,n •,K., ,,.<{.{.,.,?,,..,.,n..,,1...,..,.,.n,<<..,.v.......,, � ... .. .}.....,. ,. 5....: .. ,{. }... ,.r4.4 .�i. i.�Y,{.�.v5: ..,r r:' •.{.v<,:•�4x,4
, ... .., .,.......,?✓... ...., ..Y, .. .S 4t"'i}:'r'•ti4.%:{{i.5•'':;.;tY�{•:� {r {.
...,..,. ..,,... .. ..,..r. .,.,... r..,,.r.... � '.... .-.r.....{., .,'fi• � ..?,}S f -.{,,%} ,,4n:''}rn,; v.'{.'{;'..'<"' r';„%�''"*}':r
<,.. r,..,{} , + { r r + � ✓, .. ................r.. ., .. .,.,........ , r�,. �"� '� �'..{� j,k.,. j. ,{ X.,>{.t4•:t:}%rc•.,5rr}tr;{:,v.,}}'.;{:{,.4.,
r..-.t"n}:,r. .. .,.... .. .... ......... ........ ....�..�., , ,,':r.r:. •4. .,,v;`4'.k:- ✓j yi,
r, r .•r.r...r..................,.. ..✓..... r.. ...- ..... ..... .ti ?. th:.,f... '{ xo-Y:{'-,t.•.'i,i'. ...f.�,{,..,;;�: x,
.�,.r,{+5...{s, - SS ,.{, - t+r }} j' - f,,..x........., ..:.,.. ... ....... ..... ... ..,. .,, ,. .. �{( ..h:. .r r. %`•rY-� S:?{i i:.t,r.
,.{.,.,. -,., Ji.;r.i.,.,�...{.{,.,.,.4,4.{,,4.{,<,..,4h,{.1Z rr,{,n.. .. .r.r r.t. n ✓ :.. }',:... t ,;{{ { :v'S
.t4....,..,.r, �•.: .......... .. c sv} ,i. .t .{....,{' { ,....+.t...r...., ...}. .'�•, l�rr.•, ,$.1.✓. S.:'rt{c•� ,j,
.Kvr,.,. �..,+.. ................... ... .. ,.,,.... 4r .. .-........ �.•�... v�,{, .{,,t4. :•k v:Y.L:,..., .,?{: X $ �}rX:}:7':'- ,"r 5�.��
,.r.}r. r... r.. .,, -. ......'.r. .............S ...,. -.`,..r.:r '(- :-'�•'.<.{,{..4.kt�'•'1''4'tu. { '}�
: �,..r.r.l...,,, ., .,...,.., rr_ .✓. M. ..r.. ..,.. ...4 }r. r}' ,�., .{:{:.+'4:{:;•_'r',r, - rrr
4 .,.1,r..,,....4..t {..,.v.,.{.4 X,.<St....{.,.t.fik,i .,- { ., ., , ✓. .,...:. r.. ... ..}n.1 {., 5
:."r... ..r. ,1c :.:....:.-.. -,... i{ 4...4 {x... .t.. ..::r,r::}}r}}, r. :;., -:? •:r.. :,,{r,,,,.tr:.•v:-:•• :,j...,,:,.,.:.r
S ....,... r,....., „,'..................................{ .r. , }r....j., k". j �.. +.}:�... y$r y > ..4::: {%4r :,}a}::'r:t.Y.r••4..:::•r{.•.;:•.:,., .r.
, ..-...,^. ............. .. ,r. ...,. .... 5.. .. .,.'.... l.{ , :�:':•.... .�......�.,. -.>„•.. ,Y?^:},,. ..1.•: v�,•r:{?;�'iY{.{':{:,"!'ti'.•U{,.Y.4' .{*f „t t.' h' }}'r:r'"..
�...{ ..-.•^ t ..S.v.,�+.,.,.{. {. ,,.i r✓.{.,frJl�.{.a.{..•.�,..i
7. , v �`.-r..,.. .....'�.:...' � ::..'i::".. ":.?r,- •.•}�•::'.' .'.r.,..h.,5.r:. �{� t,
;'}.,,}y..5 x{}3 .•}r.:<.,.,,.,2.;, }.., ....... .. ,v,..{,..,.,.{, a k,•...,.....2.{. .r ..,, yC :r:•: � •:•3�- K{fr•: ';
.. J. ..,...,., .., Y*:,.,........t .............. .......5.... .. .. rY.. ..... :t...t v::. <:v t•-.�. .�.. t}{C{' it?::u•:r✓`r r5., v}
, ..{� .. .... ....... ........... .r....,..,..,.. ..
.{, ..rrl,{ ,{"r..+,+4.,. -,.-. ., .l✓. t�. .}.. .v... , ..h .. .,;tr,.:S• ..5.. ,..•S4, .{`',.:'$:".{.,r{{::{1{i•4�•tr
,-r ,t.Y 1..,.,..,.{ ..,.,},.,..4..,,.x.+.�.....4. 5.,..{{..,r..J.r: { ,. r':r r.,.r...r...-.r.... •,., ?;: ,::.•:::+:r.Y,,-.y }4.,. Y. w. �.
,�4 .,,,•{...{.•..,,v.�.{.r,.... -.,,..{.......,1,+,....{.,nr.,,-�4.4.4. ,., .. .,, r. ...-t..v..✓.....r, .. ,.. �icGy�:.,, .K'-}..,:.:. ,{}m't.G.t t.',.,r:�c•.r,'C:i'. .{
.....,.,,.,. ....... i .,,n i ,.,-t{•,..,.,{.t..r.{.i:;,.,,.{....,�.v...,.. .. ,,. '� S r5r{+rS':+�,r.. Vr..
••r•r
, , - ,....J.- r .. ♦.}. .... .. .......... ..... ..r }
?S:•�,d ..5, ,;{%4,{' ~.;{+t{•^4 ::•<:.,{r
4,4 ,n,v .,n...{n..44.,...k.t...,{..,.4.{.2 {4 }} }..•...-- ..., .............: ... .'$i{:" r('.v .r''•
.... ... ...{.: •:i•
., :.,r',.. r. .,r. ,., .:. �. ...4t. ...�.,...� .... .. ,... ....}.. .,.�.'�.,... Jf•a.,r,. JL. '{'f 4
.,. ....... , ..,r r. .., - .:.,�.,. ...,. .... r.}.... {.. .,t<�'•i'{{{,{',<Jii:; ti:"{;r.
JrrC'�. .,... { ,. ,r,}. r..r....- r - .. ,. :� ..... .........- .. -. .. `v�•.{••� n,{•S"r'''Y.
,,.,4 ,5'S,.k{v.• :4..i•}}}r.
, . .,'.{r.. .,,.:..1•{.T .{.{{1(.1...{.{..4<....... .. ....J ..... n .,. ...r..r."....,. ..h,.'+` r,.{'.'. .�h-..
. ,� 5. � r.................. .... {"4... .--.. t , r{..i n..{ ,r.,,..,{{ v. ....t{.. , , r.,.. '.},. •:,{r
r , r ......... ... rS .............. .. .. ,C,•C'.4 ..„,, ..,.,•,�..''4-. •`J'S'Y:'ri.: .r.
�•n t v, ,....{.",',,.+. ,t...1...j{{v.4.r...{•.2,++}},,�,.. .,.......,. ...,.. .... ... ,{.•.. X. .t n' v,{�'5•r'•J'i 1•:�i'';
�r ..r.. ,........0.................. n ., .,,.,.4....{-+.:%. .{-,•.; 'r. rr •{jY,•i4 .•.$
vR, { t.t.{,,.....,...t.,........R.,{. .<,,.+v: ?{., • .. : ....,�': ..d?....,.�.}r S� ��5{• .v. x,;{....v:v.M1.,,
r.,'S,.4......... .....},...,1.,........ ..,, j .{ 4 { ...,,,.{,t.t,.....4,r { , v ,r.4r, +r x.r. r,n <. :k •.,... ..}.'�...',
..,......... ..�. .,...., , .,..,.... r .. r .. ,{ .Yu{, ...,.. n..i.,.,.,.,. ,L.{n tx6. �t:-r. ',:, :•.,v'.•:r�r'a.•.•..
, ::r•.{':'i{vCr��'ti:;:i.;{:;4�{r r},.
,......,. ......'.4,......,.. ,..,. ":K;{.};:,' r{tit:•:?{,i•v,{:2'•;2'= :•.{..r:
Y.k Y:4 t.......Y.,n✓Cn...,..........5..t.,•. Y...,k.� .,. .4 ,. .,...r.., .r �` ... ,..}..: .x,.,t :,:X::�>r.:�} r.r{'{• r;.t•.t;✓ .:,:;<r h4::`i»•,:{•:�•'•c•KS'•:•.
.....,.•r.{t.S'-..,.k....r.,..tr.., .. x, .4.{ , .{�t...,.{,X-..,...,.{.:.{..,{w.4r,•.4.�,{r,{.{,...„, . .....r .Y .... r,•r, ✓..o..,,..:•:•:. r �r.... .,a}yj:f...,>f•'• r£{�{4:
• .t .. .. ....?,........ .........t.j..,.r..�'...r .. .... ., i .4 (.< .:
-.,r..-......�.r..4 .... r...., ..4 r... ...r , ,. ... ........................ , .!.R a }2 ,+�'' 5.{' .✓,.r r ..4'•rr}J5,
{ j�'i4Y .$�:v- n'.{.,{.,•;{.;..•t vv'{4:'v` ✓ti%:4. .:.4. ttt{ ,
.. �^ 3• ,.j,,..}:*.{{:r:' .{'}'r rxt� ,:,,.,;S{<o, ,{:f:;:';:4r..,4Orr:sY',:{•�•:-x•;,.rr,.{.t:;':1t<�:};:{..
�,.,c,;., >.... r.}..,....., ... ..,..r. , .}5....j..•.,..•k,.'}�`{,�X:... .d:�x,;t-.....�..,,{k.{ t.r. ..{:� { ,� �"' a a4�. L'aY
. .. 4 r- .. ,,. ......,, .:, ..,..-„-v ., ,,r r- .. .,}....St.:.:.'. y .'� �i k.}•:.,••.'.}} 4ie ,. r.{{t3St Y` }:?�;' r, •.s,r .v
{.i.,,t .nt...4.. ,4.2.,....,,.v , { ,.., .... ...rr.r ..,....r....r.... .! .}... I4 r.,'t,'rX •,vn,+ ..:'{',4 v:K•:',t t..{ir'Y•:4:r+r{r.,.r
.,r.,...:}r..., -Y ... r.+o-,{•t{1.t'.2....:'�....n..,t'.d.<4.}+'.,..r..,,:.,.4•........ > ..Y•}': ..- •:,.. 5 .;.}.,...9.- � ..5....r.{(,.� .�.... .4.r ;t�rs�'t'^Y•:�%:;fi{.},{�j:� �{' rX
.} ...... ..}.. 4+..,,............. r..,.....'r4..k....,.,....,:...,.. ..... .d 4.,'.\,t. ,Y 14•,. }✓k r,Y..,... .k`+�.",
}J' , r .. :, ....t .........�...i'.. } .r ,. ':::-�v:h f:7.`".,: i ''� r{�.7 ,n� -A'r•: .-.. .
N h }" }.CJ.. {.. } �u.,, ti! {.1„{r..4';:J i; r';r4:"{•:4xr:::'{,'{ .'.,v
r{,{: .,, !r.{.Y..,r 4.,5;.{..,{...,vt{`Y4....trY x.r.,....{,...k.. .�'..+a.,. t.... ..✓..,.r.r. � ,:>.E :• , ... 4ti,:• .+�t.... � ..}.,., ,.r,.,.{.<}-:><''.,d„#.{,+ t',!.}.•,x ,�:{•w}S:G:{c-:{'i,t',t��f;'t�,<• it•Jts,
,.,.i..tir..}c.�r,..., .r....................... }....,r.,....a3,..$.....}yy �,{t.♦,.r.rr.,.4.,..r+ntX.,}J.'✓n.r.,r.,,...k K a. � {��`V (}y^� r.. ✓fi� +•�, Y..;:t.k., }�,..•:r?.,• .j.} ....'}...,?�}S t
,. h.., .r..... ,'f.4 4,,..,.>... .............. ,V.. �,�• { L1,]l.{.•.:4 X. { {. ,{',{{•�•:} �S :`rt"r:r h":J', }
}.:.... .>~, .Fr zz, Fx'.' 'F{�{. '•:r•' { ..r.t.t:v`t•}F:4;:'•.w?Y`+.. t.',;{ .r}•: �,.
�.d.•< 4• r:v:..; .� .r.r. s ,r r ,.r. , r}-, � Y '4 ',{U{' 'v..+ 4•ti{ r�
..,4 {4{ {.^.,�.{..,..r{.{,{.{...{.{.r.t .{.{:{.{X,v4 .v,.,}} 1.•.r r.. •:r.::r. r ,:,;..{ .f r� :} ` r: r..3.'. {S},.. .,,.>}. .{r,.;(:,rt•:iG •,-x,{ •r:��"Y•.4.4AA' {,:,•
4r , .r ...-S tik ,.,.,,><.,...,.t..,...,,,...,.r.{x i,4}Yxt�.x�fJ.{t{ ✓ ✓•::::'}... } ,:.: "-':;.:}•i t„ r ,. '�S•.�•},
r ..}}., n✓Cr}' i... h.,r{ .. .. +vr. .. .k.......t•5...<.t..,.,.+..?• 4 46 rr{t, : �:,i•r:: :.
5, ..r .. .. .. .+:... ,f, ... .. >d,4�a•rC. ;�%v{✓.r.4'•^'Xr+!+';z.4Y.r.S.i{.4 •'+, 'rtr•4}
: ✓'}i. .. 1r r, r r, .�, r,t ,.... .. ... N.:
,{1 vn.{:}•-�,{•;;:.r:: .•.''�,.i}:#;
G' -",k.4.r.d {,.{. .4{ � {" .r .,✓:...f rr... }... ,.....1..... .. :".`'",..r,..... .•,}. •'�t'^'s:'.
.�qq}} .j✓., x.{...,O.r.k t. ,{}..+,,.4.,k{,�...Y.{t.4 r r .._., ..:. ... ,.. .•.,:,{,.,' :•: ."j rt>.t%t:,{t•n v.v, li:?s;{%>ti%i%'''{•+L t
r}'..,j�Jf.,..t.......r#:✓..-.. }£..... ++}},r x „ !. .�.{,t.t{,.,,..,t.+.t.t.,r..t,r.4,r.,,.,.n,..... +.. t.r „ .r.... t,.. .. ...rrr,••,:'.,,... .r.,,h....$ ,rv..>,.., r:ks ,7 �
.... .......r..+.�^}.rj..,.,.......♦..,>a.,.., r...... ................... ... .. 'x 4.: ~,v..'{.,n.{.{.i 1,,.{.1., +tr •`•t n .<'}'i4. .•5;..
,4............. ...:+:. ,......., ..,..,......,:•....+......,...,.,'.. r,}r,:�.., t"�•;.+,4�,j:•,•.,'.,;.t#:a�.''{* Y.{..+...i:4:.•{,•,,..{ t%x�.{.,{.;,.uh:,,;':,v,:;yr{.X.t•.;{r,, <:r•2'^'`�' ,.,r,�:::`{' ,t'r~
:,. ...,r..; .. .,,.s.:.:�4............. .t..>.......t �'.....�h�i;.Y.:Z'.:•s�`.3':x,r(<{k;+t.,t fs,f'`{a;4,,'r•��'%s:%�:�?G:v:�r$k;t£;;t:�?t~%x5<5�,�..,'
idr i i A i i • - iAft
. i • i . • i • i i . i - i i ..
�_
Committee on Resources-Index Page 1 of 3
------------------------------
------------ ---------------------
OMNI
Statement of Kirk Rodgers
Mid-Pacific Regional Director, Bureau of Reclamation
Before the U.S.House of Representatives
Subcommittee on Water and Power
Hearing on Water Supply Vulnerabilities in the Sacramento/San Joaquin River System
October 20,2005
Introduction
Mr. Chairman, and members of the Subcommittee, I am Kirk Rodgers, Mid-Pacific Regional Director for the
Bureau of Reclamation. I appreciate the opportunity to appear before you today to discuss the current water
related infrastructure conditions in California's Central Valley and the challenges we face in protecting future
water supply deliveries. My remarks are focused on the work and activities in the Sacramento/San Joaquin
River Delta and on the risk faced in the context of levee failures.
While our attention is understandably drawn to the levees, it is important to keep in mind that the long term
reliability and security of water supplies can be heavily impacted by other problem areas being addressed
by the CALFED Program. Future water supply projects, ecosystem projects, water management strategies,
regulatory decisions, and planning processes currently being developed or implemented by Reclamation
and the CALFED Program will determine the future reliability and certainty of the Central Valley Project and
State Water Project's water management infrastructure as a whole.
CALFED is a collaborative effort among 25 state and federal agencies to improve water supplies in
California and the health of the Bay-Delta Watershed. In August 2000, the CALFED agencies signed a
Record of Decision (ROD)that described a 30-year plan for implementing actions to resolve conflict in the
Delta related to water supply,water quality, ecosystem quality, and levee stability. Public Law 108-361,
signed in October 2004, authorized the federal CALFED agencies to implement the CALFED Program using
the ROD as a general framework.
Importance of Bay-Delta
The Delta is probably the most important feature of California's complicated water supply delivery system.
Water pumped out of the Delta provides drinking water for two-thirds of the state, and supports the most
productive agricultural region in the nation. The Delta's channels assist in transporting water from upstream
reservoirs to the south Delta, where the Central Valley Project(CVP)and State Water Project(SWP)
facilities can pump water into the California Aqueduct and CVP's Delta-Mendota Canal. The stability of the
Delta levees that contain the water in these channels is paramount to protecting the Delta infrastructure
along with ensuring a reliable supply of water to the Federal and State facilities. The Delta includes nearly
60 islands and tracts lying below sea level that are kept dry by levees whose construction does not meet
modern standards, and which in some instances were built to protect crops from flooding. These
levees were not built to provide as much protection from loss of life or property damage as they would be if
built in accordance with today's construction standards and project purposes. We will defer to the Corps of
Engineers and the State of California to more fully address the condition of the levees in the
Sacramento/San Joaquin River system.
Delta Levees and the CALFED Bay-Delta Program
Levee stability in the Delta is one of the four primary objectives of the CALFED Bay-Delta Program. The
Preferred Program Alternative described in the ROD assumed that athrough-Delta approach would
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/axchives/109/testimony/2005/kirkrogers.htm 10/25/2005
Committee on Resources-Index Page 2 of 3
I I
continue to be the method of conveyance to south Delta project facilities for the first seven years of Program
implementation (Stage 1). The CALFED Agencies did not rule out the possibility in the future of constructing
an isolated conveyance facility that would provide superior assurances of a reliable water supply south of
the Delta, but because of timing of implementation it was not included in the Stage 1 decision. Instead, the
ROD focused on modifications within the current conveyance system in the Delta and a series of studies to
determine if improved water supply and reliability, protection and improvement of Delta water quality,
improvements in ecosystem health, and reduced risk of supply disruption due to catastrophic breaching of
Delta levees could in fact be achieved with the current"thru Delta" means of conveyance. Other ways to
convey water through the Delta include"dual conveyance,"which refers to the conveyance of water through
the Delta as well as around the Delta via a pipeline or canal, or"isolated conveyance," referring to the
conveyance of a majority of the water around the Delta via a pipeline or canal.A determination on the
adequacy of the existing configuration and the possible need to examine"dual conveyancell or"isolated
conveyance"facilities is to be made in the next two years.
Currently, CALFED agencies are focusing on the overall risk of Delta levee failures and developing both
short-term and long-term strategies for levee improvements. A current high priority activity is the Delta Risk
Management Strategy (DRMS),which is being led by the Corps of Engineers and the California Department
of Water Resources. Reclamation's role in DRMS has been limited to agency coordination and tracking of
accomplishments and the integration of this activity into the broader CALFED program. The DRMS has the
objective of evaluating ongoing and future risk of levee failure; identifying the probable consequences; and
identifying levee maintenance and upgrades that are necessary and economically justified to reduce
controllable risk. Data gained from this critically important study will help establish the priorities for near-
term and long-term actions that will reduce the risk associated with catastrophic levee failure in the Delta.
The goals for levee system integrity and improvement contained in the ROD were well founded when
developed; however, the DRMS will reevaluate those goals to determine if they remain valid. The DRMS
study is estimated to cost$6 million and is scheduled to be completed in 2007. In the interim while the
DRMS study is being completed, the program will continue to implement levee maintenance, levee
improvement, and other components of this ROD.
Reclamation's On-going Water Supply Improvement Activities
In addition to efforts to protect the Delta infrastructure, expanding water storage capacity is among several
integral components of the CALFED program. Additional storage is one way of meeting the needs of a
growing population and, if strategically located, could provide additional flexibility in the system to improve
water quality and support fish restoration efforts. One element of a reliable water supply is the ability to
capture water during peak flows and during wet years, as well as more efficient water use through
conservation and water reuse and recycling, advanced water treatment such as desalination, and non-
traditional storage methods such as conjunctive use with groundwater; the flood control benefits of storage
capacity are an inherent part of this. Reclamation, in partnership with the California Department of Water
Resources, is investigating the feasibility of expanded surface storage capacity at existing reservoirs and
strategically located off-stream sites identified in the ROD. Four surface storage feasibility studies are
currently in progress, all of which are to be completed between 2008 and 2009. Storage projects are not
being developed in isolation but rather as part of an overall water management strategy.As such, storage
combined with other program actions such as conservation, transfers and habitat restoration could
contribute to and be compatible with the water supply reliability, water quality and ecosystem restoration
program objectives.
Conclusion
Protection of the Bay-Delta is of critical importance to California. Much more needs to be accomplished to
ensure the long-term sustainability and reliability of California's water supply. Major decisions will need to be
made in the near future regarding the protection of the Delta's critical infrastructure and the many integrated
elements of the CALFED program, including the potential construction of new surface storage facilities, that
will shape California's water management system into the future. We believe that these challenges will be
best addressed through the CALFED Program. That concludes my testimony. Mr. Chairman, I would like to
reiterate my appreciation to the sub-committee and others for continuing to work with the Administration to
address these significant water issues facing California. I would be happy to answer any questions.
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/kirkrogers.htm/kirkrogers.htm 10/25/20(
Committee on Resources-Index Page 3 of 3
14
tttp://resourcescommittee-house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/kirkrogers.htm 10/25/2005
Committee on Resources-Index Pale 1 or s
-----------
COMPLETE STATEMENT OF
Brigadier General Joseph Schroedel
Commander
South Pacific Division
U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
BEFORE THE
Committee on Resources
Subcommittee on Water and Power
UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
October 20, 2005
Introduction
Mr. Chairman and distinguished members of the Subcommittee, I am Brigadier General Joseph Schroedel,
Commander of the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers South Pacific Division. I am honored to be testifying
before your Committee today. I am testifying on behalf of Lieutenant General Carl Strock, Chief of
Engineers. My testimony today will discuss current infrastructure conditions in the watershed of the
Sacramento/San Joaquin River system and the Corps'ongoing efforts to reduce the risk of flood damage to
the system.
Background
The impact of Hurricane Katrina in coastal areas along the Gulf of Mexico has focused renewed attention on
the potential vulnerability of other regions, such as the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ("Delta"), if levees
were to fail.
The 1997 and 1998 floods forced more than 120,000 people from their homes in the Delta region. An
estimated 30,000 residential and 2,000 businesses were damaged or destroyed. Rehabilitation of the
Federal levee system cost$160 million in Federal dollars and funded repairs on approximately 600 sites
along the Sacramento and San Joaquin River systems.
The recent levee break on Jones Tract in the south Delta cost nearly$100 million for emergency response,
damage to private property, lost crops, levee repair and pumping water from the island. The State also bore
significant costs associated with losses in water supply and conveyance. Delta pumping was curtailed for
several days to prevent seawater intrusion and water shipments were possible only through unscheduled
releases from other reservoirs,which sent more fresh water to the Delta for salinity control.
System Condition
There are over 6,000 miles of levees in the Central Valley. Of that total, approximately 1,600 miles are
authorized as Corps of Engineers Federal flood damage reduction projects. The others are local levees,
which were constructed, enlarged and maintained over the last 130 years by local reclamation districts and
private entities. In general, the owners of the lands within the levees financed the levee work by these
districts. During the last 30 years, the State of California has provided supplemental financing for levee
maintenance and emergency response.
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/josephschroedel.htm 10/25/21
Committee on Resources-Index Page 2 of 3
Since the mid-1980s, the Corps has evaluated almost 1,100 miles of the Federal levees. For example, the
Corps found that within the Sacramento River Flood Control Project, approximately 90 miles of levees
needed significant repairs and most of this rehabilitation work is now complete. However, these levee
evaluations were performed using criteria which are now outdated, and, therefore, did not identify all
potential levee deficiencies. The Corps has recently developed new levee seepage design criteria that will
require much more stringent field exploration than was used in earlier levee performance studies. When the
new criteria are applied, it is likely that more deficiencies that may require rehabilitation work will be
identified.
In major urbanized areas with large population centers, including Sacramento, Stockton, Yuba City,
Marysville and Merced, the levees have been extensively evaluated and studies or projects are currently
underway to improve levee performance. Much of the new development in these and other parts of the
Central Valley is occurring in areas that until recently were agricultural areas. Typically, the levees in these
areas were built 60 to 100 years ago with a view toward reducing the risk of flood damage to crops. Such
levees are aging and may not reflect current flood damage reduction objectives.
Future Plans for Protection
In September 2004, Congress passed the CALFED Bay-Delta Authorization Act(PL 108-361, Title 1).
CALFED is a unified multi-agency approach to management of the Delta region in California.
The Act authorizes up to$389 million for new and expanded CALFED authorities for 2005 to 2010 including
studies, projects, and coordination regarding watershed planning;water conveyance, supply and quality;
ecosystem restoration, levee system integrity, and other purposes. This authorization includes up to$90
million for efforts regarding levee system integrity,which would be headed by the Corps(USAGE) as lead
Federal agency in partnership with the State of California Departments of Water Resources and Fish and
Game(DWR, DFG), local reclamation districts, and other concerned stakeholders. Additionally, the
authorized funding includes amounts up to:
• $184 million for Conveyance Program activities(Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) lead, USAGE as
cooperating agency)
• $90 million for implementation of the Environmental Water Account(BOR lead with USFWS& NOAA
Fisheries as cooperating Federal agencies)
• $25 million for oversight and coordination of the Program (BOR lead with USFWS, NOAH Fisheries, EPA,
USAGE as cooperating Federal agencies)
For the Delta levees, the Corps will.be working with the State of California to scope out both near-term and
long-term solutions and develop a framework for setting priorities.
If funds are appropriated, the Corps will prepare a report to Congress assessing the scope of the problem
and identifying specific priorities for repair within the$90 million authorized. This study will be a
collaborative effort with CALFED partners and sponsors. This report will also provide details on the
locations and lengths of those levees that are high priority for repairs.
In the past, some local agencies have expressed concern about their ability to meet the 35% non-federal
cost share requirements for Delta levee projects. However, the State of California recently indicated its
readiness to work with local partners to provide funds for priority levee repairs. The Corps will work with the
local sponsors to clarify the extent of such concerns in the report to Congress.
The Corps is also currently the lead agency for several studies to help ways to reduce the risk of flood
damage in the Delta, including water supplies, roads, cities and towns, agricultural lands, and natural
habitat. These include the
Delta Islands Feasibility study, in partnership with the State of California, which will evaluate the
entire Delta Islands and Levee System consistent with the Delta Risk Management Study authorized
tp://resourcescomm'lttee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/J*osephschroedel.htm 10/25/2005
Comnuttee on Resources-Index -rage .3 u.L
in the CALFED Act. Estimated cost$3 million; estimated time, 3 years.
• Lower San Joaquin River Feasibility Study,which will focus on the San Joaquin River in the South
Delta—estimated cost$2 million; estimated time 3 years.
• Development of the Levee System Integrity Program Plan, pursuant to the Record of Decision for the
CALFED Bay-Delta Program to the Act, in which the Corps is participating with the State of California
–Estimated cost$8 million; estimated time 4 years.
The Corps participates in the CALFED activities. The Corps is represented at the California Bay-Delta
Authority (CBDA), Bay-Delta Public Advisory Committee(BDPAC), and subcommittees to support and
monitor refinement and execution of levee efforts.
This concludes my statement.Again, I appreciate the opportunity to testify today. I would be pleased to
answer any questions you may have.
Source: "Flood Warnings: Responding to California's Flood Crisis" Report, State of California, The
Resources Agency, Department of Water Resources, January 2005
http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/archives/109/testimony/2005/J*osephschroedel.htm 10/25/,d'
Attachment 5
Report: Joint Committee on Emergency Services and
Homeland Security October 24, 2005 hearing on "Is
California prepared for the big one: earthquake, tsunami,
wildfire, flood or an act of terrorism?"
[Agenda & testimony not available at this rime ]
Attachment 6
Report: Assembly Judiciary Committee; Water0 , Parks and
Wildlife Committee; and Insurance Committee joint
hearing on "Risks and Liability: Who is Responsible for
Avoiding a Cahforni*a 'Katn*na ' and Who Will Pay if We Do
Not;?"
STATE CAPITOL
P.O.BOX 942649
SACRAMENTO,CA 94249-0115
WSICS.z"D LIABILITY*'*
WHO IS REPoNsiBLESFOR AVOIDING A CALIFORNIA
"KATRINA, F'AND WHO WILL PA Y IF WE DO NOT?
A Joint Hearing of the Judiciary Committee, the Water, Parks and
Wildlife Co11ittee, and the Insurance Committee of
the California Assembly
October 25, 2005
11:00 a.m. to 4:15 p.m.
state Capitol, Room 4202
I. "Rough Water Ahead" Video and Introductory Comments by Chairs
and Members
(11:00 a.m.—11:15 a.m.)
II. Flood Management and Prevention in California: Who Builds And
Maintains California's Flood Management System?
(11:15 a.m.-12:15 p.m.)
(Assemblymember Wolk, Chair)
1. Considering the design capacity and current conditions, what is the level of
risk of failure and liability?
2. Who are the players, and what role does each have? Who is in charge?
3. Are the flood maps accurate?
4. What level of flood protection currently CX- ists? How many people live in
areas at risk of flooding?
5. What would a flood cost us in lives lost, injuries,property loss and economic
damage?
6. What more needs to be done to prevent flooding and reduce the State's
liability? Who should pay? How?
Witnesses
Steve Ven"gin,Deputy Director,Department of Water Resources
Pete Rabbon, Executive Officer, The Reclamation Board
Brandon Muncy, Chief of Planning, Sacramento Dist., Army Corps of Engineers
Mike Hardesty,President, California Central Valley Flood Control Association
0:15ast so
Printed on Recycled Paper
Who Will Be and Who Should Be Footing the Bill If The Flood System
Fails.?
(12:15 p.m.—1:15 p.m.)
(Assemblymember Jones, Chair)
1. Who is potentially liable in the event of a flood?
a. Is federalimmunity complete?
b. Current state liability via the theory of inverse condemnation
Paterno v. State
c. Local liability in inverse condemnation cases
d. Negligence and other potential theories of liability
e. Are there any realistic theories of liability of builders and developers.?
2. What are the consequences of the existing liability regime? What actions are
encouraged or discouraged due to the existing liability regime?
3. Does liability rest with those who can take steps to prevent flood damage?
4. Can and should the state attempt to modify who is legally held liable in the
event of a catastrophic flood? If so,how? What effect will this have? Or
should the focus be solely on investing more money in prevention?
Witnesses:
Gary Livaich, Attorney at Law, Desmond Nolan, Sacramento
(counsel for plaintiffs in Paterno v. State)
Sterling Smith, Deputy Attorney General, California Department of Justice
(counsel for State in Paterno v. State)
Scott Shapiro,Attorney, Downey Brand, Sacramento
(counsel for California Central Valley Flood Control Association)
IV. it
How Does the Pervasive Lack of Flood Insurance Exacerbate the State's
Liability Exposure in the Event of A Major Flood.?
(1:15 p.m.—2:15 p.m.)
(Assemblymember Nava, Chair)
1. What role, if any,does flood insurance play.?
2. Does homeowner's or commercial insurance cover floods?
3. What is the federal flood insurance program and what does it cover?
4. When is federal flood insurance.mandated and who is eligible?
5. What percentage of Californians living or working in flood plains have flood
insurance? What can be done to increase coverage?
6. Can the State or local governments require flood insurance?
7. Should flood insurance be mandated?
Witnesses:
Les Harder and Ricardo Pineda, California Department of Water Resources
Stein Buer, Executive Director,, Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency
Mike Paiva, Senior Legislative Advocate,Personal Insurance Federation of Calif.
Ronald Stork, Senior Policy Advocate, Friends of the River
2
V. New Development in Floodplains: How Do We Make Sure The Public Is
Safe?
(2:15 p.m.—3:45 p.m.)
(Assemblymembers Wolk&Jones, Co-Chairs)
A. What New Development is Projected in Areas of Potential Flooding.?
1. Over the next 30 years, what development is expected to occur in areas
subject to potential flooding?
2. What additional flood management measures will be needed and at what cost,
to protect newly developed areas from flooding?
3. Who decides whether development can occur in an area subject to potential
flooding? What role do the state, local and federal governments have in
approving development in the floodplain?
B. Who and How Should We Decide Whether to Allow Floodplains to Develop
and With What Level of Flood Protection?
1. Who are the players, and what role does each have?
2. Should development be allowed in areas subject to risk of flooding?
3. Who should.decide if development can be allowed in areas at risk of flooding?
Developers.? Local government? The state?
4. What conditions, if any, should be placed on development allowed in areas at
risk of flooding? What level of flood protection should be required?
5. Who should pay for flood management improvements needed to make new
development safe from flooding? How?
Witnesses
Pete Rabbon, Executive Officer, The Reclamation Board
Jeffrey Mount, Professor,UC Davis, Center for Watershed Science
Gary Reents,Director of Utilities, City of Sacramento
(League of Cities, California State Association of Counties)
Mike Webb, California Building Industry Association
V1. Public Comment Period
(3:45 p.m.—49.15 p.m.)
Mam Al
ON
3
i i
� ► �
•
Risks and Liability:
Who is Responsible for Avoiding a California "Katrina, and
Pay If We Do Not?Who Will
A Joint Hearing of the Judiciary Committee,
and the Insurance Committee of the
the Water, Parks and Wildlife Committee,
California Assembly
Recent events repeatedly have raised alarms about the State's responsibility and liability
for the Central Valley flood management system. Ona sunny June day in 2004, -a private levee
in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta unexpectedly collapsed and flooded a Delta island, shutting
down a State highway, a major railroad line, and State Water Project pumps that ordinarily move
much of Southern California's drinking water south. The State alone spent $45 million to repair
the levee and pump out the island. In spring 2005, the Yuba County Board of Supervisors
approved a new housing development on lands that were covered by 15 feet of water during the
1997 flood. This summer, the Legislature approved$500-million in settlements of claims
against the State for failed levees in the 1986 and 1997 floods. Finally, this fall, Hurricane
Katrina hit the Gulf Coast, levees failed,New Orleans flooded, and more than a thousand people
died. Newspaper reports and editorials emphasized the obvious comparisons between New
Orleans and Central Valley cities like Sacramento.
In 2003, a Stateappeals court highlighted the liability risks the State faces from failed
levees. See, Paterno v. State, (2003) 113 Cal.App.4th 998; rev. denied March 17, 2004. The
Paterno court held the Stateliable for failure of a levee generally operated and maintained by a
local levee maintenance district. The State's liability was substantial because homes and a
shopping center were built behind the levee and suffered from the resulting flood. The Paterno
decision—and recent events—set the stage for this hearing to establish the broad outlines of the
flood liability challenges facing the State of California.
I. The California Flood Management System
The 2003 Paterno decision unveiled a looming flood management system crisis that had
been building for decades. A combination of an outdated flood management system, deferred
maintenance, diffused flood management responsibilities and substantial Central Valley growth
and development produced serious risks of loss of life and damage to property from inundation
of flood waters. The recent disaster arising out of Hurricane Katrina again highlighted certain
flood vulnerabilities that California's Central Valley shares with Louisiana's Mississippi delta.
These vulnerabilities include substantial dependence on aging levees. Most such levees were
built decades ago,without the benefit of modem designs, materials and technology.
Flood Management Liability Hearing 1 October 25,2005
A. History of California Flood Management
California has suffered from Central Valley flooding since its earliest days as a state,
Native Americans had called the Central Valley the "inland sea" when water covered the valley
during the winter. Immense stretches of farms and open lands, particularly in the Sacramento-
San Joaquin Delta, flooded annually. In 1862, flood water—as deep as 20 feet—covered the
young City of Sacramento, forcing Governor Leland Stanford to row across those 'Waters to get
to his inauguration. At the bottom of the watershed, the Delta's vast expanse was covered with
water as it flowed toward the Golden Gate. This regular flooding of the Valley's river bottoms
and adjacent lands led to early Californians trying to "control" the floods to protect their lives
and livelihoods.
1 Flood Management in the 1800's
In the nineteenth century, individuals and local governments built most of the flood
control facilities,usually levees. Farmers worked with neighbors to build levees to protect their
lands. Cities would build levees to protect their citizens. In the Delta,prospective landowners
could acquire land for$1 per acre if they paid to construct the levees to "reclaim" and turn Delta
areas into the islands that exist in the Delta today. Landowners often created levee maintenance
districts(commonly called reclamation districts) or other entities that maintained the levees.
The Gold Rush and the hydraulic mining that followed enormous created a legacy that presented the
greatest flood control challenge of the nineteenth century— an volume of sediment that
filled Northern California rivers) leaving little room for flood flows. Hydraulic mining, as shown
in the picture below,was outlawed in 1 884,but the legacy continued. In 1893,the Federal
Government created the California Debris Commission to examine debris-related flood and
navigation issues,primarily in the Sacramento Valley. The Commission uncovered,modified
and adopted an 1880 flood control plan by the State Engineer, to address how best to reduce river
sediment. The plan included a system of levees, weirs and bypass channels.
11, 9L
October 25,2005
Flood Management Liability Hearing 2
2. State Flood Management Program
In 1'911,the State effectively adopted the flood plan from the California Debris
Commission and created the Reclamation Board to implement the plan,working with the Federal
Government. The State's adoption of a valley-wide flood management plan was meant to
counteract local flood control projects that conflicted with each other, in what has been called
"dog-eat-dog reclamation." Six years later, California gained federal authorization for the United
States Army Corps of Engineers(the Corps)to collaborate with the State in building and
maintaining the Sacramento River Flood Control Project.
For the next seven decades,the state and federal governments built or rebuilt levees,
weirs and bypasses to increase conveyance of flood waters downstream. Project levees stretch
about 1600 miles. The Corps often constructed the federal"project levees"in both the
Sacramento and San Joaquin Basin from already existing private levees. In 1953,the Federal
Government transferred the Sacramento River Flood Control Project to the State,which in turn
passed responsibility for operation and maintenance to local reclamation districts.
The design goal of these flood facilities was to aid navigation and flush sediment
remaining from the earlier hydraulic mining. These facilities also constrained the river to
specific alignments, significantly reducing historic channel meandering and further isolating the
rivers from their historic floodplains. In the second half of the twentieth century, the federal and
state government also built upstream reservoirs to retain some flood waters, to allow more
measured releases after the flood danger had passed.
B. Responsibility for Today's Flood Management System
Responsibility for operating California's flood management system is diffuse, spread
among multiple agencies at all three levels of government. Consistent with the United States
Constitution's Commerce Clause, the Corps has primary responsibility for regulating the flows
(including flood waters) in the "waters of the United States," which include the Sacramento
River and the San Joaquin River. In addition to its regulatory authority, the Corps has a long
history of building water projects,particularly for flood control. Traditionally, Congress
authorizes specific flood control projects for the Corps,usually in a"Water Resources
Development Act," which often passes every 2-3 years. Any substantial change to those water
projects requires the Corps' authorization. As for federal Central Valley Project reservoirs with
flood control space, the Bureau of Reclamation operates such reservoirs for flood control,under
the Corps' direction.
1. State Responsibility for Flood Management
The State—through the Reclamation Board—shares in the costs of construction, assumes
responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the facilities, and holds the Federal
Government harmless from liability. For Central Valley flood management projects, the
Reclamation Board delegates operation and maintenance to the Department of Water Resources
(DWR)or local flood agencies. DWR's primary responsibilities lie in the Sacramento Valley,
while primarily local agencies take responsibility in the San Joaquin Valley.
The Reclamation Board has the legal responsibility for oversight of the entire Central
Valley flood management system, although it.resides, administratively,within DWR. Its
Flood Management Liability Hearing 3 October 25,2005
jurisdiction extends through 14 counties and comprises 1.7 million acres lying along the most
flood-prone portions of the two rivers. Its authorities include:
• cooperation with the Corps in building and operating the Central Valley flood management
system(including levees)
• oversight of flood management facility operation and maintenance
• development and administration of floodways
• acquisition of property necessary for flood management
• regulation of encroachments on the flood management system
Perhaps most importantly, the Reclamation Board has authority to approve or deny any plan of
land reclamation(i.e. development) or flood control that involves excavation near the rivers and
their tributaries. Cal. Water Code § 8710. The geographic jurisdiction for this regulatory
authority.appears to apply to the entire floodplain. Specifically,without Reclamation Board
approval,no construction can begin:
in the bed of or along or near the banks of the Sacramento or San Joaquin Rivers or any
of their tributaries or connected therewith,or upon any land adjacent thereto, or within
any of the overflow basins thereof, or upon any land susceptible to overflow therefrom.
Id. (emphasis added.) Historically,however, the Reclamation Board has not always exercised
this authority.
The Department of Water Resources also plays a significant role in California's flood
management system,with staff"on the ground"inspecting and maintaining many miles of levees
and other flood management facilities. DVVR inspects and evaluates the maintenance of all of
the State's federally designated project levees and channels. While most project levees are
maintained by local agencies, DWR may perform the-levee maintenance where the levees
provide broad system benefits and local interests are unable to perform satisfactory maintenance.
DVV`R also maintains the Sacramento River system channels(e.g. dredging),.while local agencies
maintain the San Joaquin River system channels. DVVR's Division of Flood Management
describes its mission as follows:
The mission of the Division of Flood Management is to prevent loss of life and reduce
property damage caused by floods,to facilitate recovery efforts following any natural
disaster,, and to carry out its public safety responsibilities in ways that preserve and
-W
restore the environment.
2. Local Agencies
Local agencies play a significant role in flood management. Their activities and
responsibilities are as diverse as their legal structures. These local agencies include levee
maintenance and reclamation districts, counties, cities and water districts. In many areas, these
local agencies maintain, operate, and assume responsibility for project levees and other flood
management facilities, on the State's behalf. In 1986, federal and state law shifted greater
financial responsibility for flood management facility construction to local agencies, which today
typically pay 25% (or more)of construction or rehabilitation costs for federal-state project'
facilities. In other cases, local agencies pay the entire cost of flood management,but remain
subject to Reclamation Board and Corps of Engineers oversight.
Flood Management Liability Hearing 4 October 25,2005
C. Liab�l�ty Risks Arising from Current Flood Project Conditions
The State's flood management system in the Central Valley includes reservoirs with
0
flood detention space, approximately 1,600 miles of project levees, and a series of overflow
weirs and bypass channels (e.g. Yolo Bypass). An attached map shows the location of the
project levees. Ianr areas that show no project levees, local landowners or agencies may maintain
private levees or other protections for local lands. The State's system discharges through the
�acra,,nento-San Joaquin Delta,which contains over 1,000 miles of non-project(local)levees,
which are generally maintained by local reclamation districts.
Levee failures, similar to those in New Orleans,,have drawn
01.1
the most attention. Such failures .....: � ..:
in the 1986 and 1997 floods led to •
>"'�j >� r��; .,�;Y} ; { t...z A^ -r
:NJ
•
this year's legnslative approval for settling claims against the State
¢: yy•{,� y� t
% s . 110,:-P21,1�Z`° {r >
r- r.rr rYx fnr.
49Vof
04
for approximately$500 million. Levee failures may be caused by
0
d
VM�
overtopping, seepage, instability(e.g. settling),burrowing animals �� �� ��� 4 ...
or erosion. Because many levees were deliberately built close to ${� ; { -} r µ:r}> : �s xW : �� : ? �;
Pill'.
:;":fact
the river channel to help scour mining debris from rivers andx { =r Y`' °Y _ : - -::+�. � ��.�_. .f.....-:�:. :.
f
77.
> �> ...��� r �.
tj
r#r'>3`yk. :�r}tr{ f sf>mat ,zt6rt r�Y>'£�st>x�#a S Sc r >
W'.
improve navigation,, erosion has become a major problem. A 2004 : }r{
r- �� .9�
Corps study found 18 3 spots along the Sacramento River ::where
;n
y x -:.'::: .� &
al.
levees have vi'sibly eroded, including 25 sites deemed "critic _ > Kf ♦ ; ::
N�
g
e-
lig __W
.0
-n
Levees also may be weakened by subsidence on lands d.
d
t;
.0 e t
the le .::�vee's foundation. In ► + te ; •. :: ..:Wi
behind the levees,which undermines
n-
� ::
40-0,r and.
some cases subsidence occurs because of groundwater overdraft. r.;af{ .;::.;..Y ..�:.: t:::
3 i,.
`10RA,
-prol
0,
pproximately 6,000 miles with 4 3 00 miles privately
Detla levees (a : :.:
maintained)remain the most at risk due to subsidence which has
i, .7.ifitah
'fi*.-_b
4:� -, . h.-
%-el , i - .4
PR \� 1c for
led to some.lands behind levees falling 2 5 feet below the ad3 acent Y
U. .
: a an
Delta ......
{of�farre of:a
water level. This Delta subsidence arises from the nature of
01W."Of I Vme5:
e._
peat sofls,which have oxidized and discppeared after decades of
fanning. Scientists estimate that 23,700 cubic meters of organic soil ..:r. :_. +•., . r
are lost daily.
In recent years,both federal and state agencies have re aced r,,m-*-%orts emphasizing the
deteriorating conditions of the Central Valley flood management system. In January 2005, DWR
issued a"White Paper,))regarding flood management, noting that powerful flood flows have
eroded levees and deferred maintenance has not caught up. In addition, the White Paper
observed that the Central Valley's growing population is pushing new housing developments and
job centers "into areas that are particularly vulnerable to flooding. DVV-R estimated the following
risks from flood damnge:
0 5 00,000 people in floodplains
o 2 million acres of cultivated acreage
0 200,000 structures with a value of$47 billion
The DWR White Paper concludes: "These factors have created a ticking time-bomb for flood
management in C alifornia."
In December 2002, the Corps issued an"'Interim Report" on its Sacramento and San -
Joaquin River Basins Comprehensive Study, which arose out of the devastation from the 1997
Flood Management Liability Hearing 5 October 25,2005
U
floods. In assessing the existing flood management system, the Corps identified the following
issues:
9 reduced flood conveyance capacity, due to reduced flow area(from sediment, vegetation
growth and encroaching development),poor levee foundation conditions, deteriorating
levees, and subsidence,
0 "choke points" created by infrastructure development(e.g. bridges)
• substantial reliance on Sacramento Valley bypass system,with reduced bypass capacity
+• reduced ecosystem fimction from constraining river channels from historic floodplain
reservoir flood capacity
9 land subsidence
The Interim Report estimated average annual flood damsges of$246 million in the Sacramento
system and$31 million in.the San Joaquin system. These estimates reflect the average annual
flood costs, although California may not actually incur them.until the next major flood. The
report included the following graphic estimating particular types of damage:
WHAT ARE THE EXPECTED AUNNAL DAMAGES FROM FLOODS TODAY?
$14
$15 $4
LEGEND
$19
$51 << $10 :::':':r:
$1
Residential
$57 Commercial
Industrial $4
;``/`£: Tota I EAD Total EAD�
C,
__.<: Public�l;,, 5 $246 Million .$31 Million,
���
,
i r
.5- < CFarmsteads
Ip
eel",
5:
$2
Crops
55
$89 --� �.:.-: ; , ,;��:
Jr $10 Other
SA;C �VIRAENTO RIVER BASIN SAN JCS AQUIN RIVER BASIN
Source:U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,Sacramento District
11. Who is potentially liable gin the event of a flood?
A. Is Federal Immunity Complete? b
The federal government is generally immune to claims for damsges caused by floods or
flood waters. Into response the massive Mississippi River floods of 1927 which ravaged the
Midwest, Congress enacted the Flood Control Act of 1928. The Act includes a broad immunity
provision which states, "No liability of any kind shall attach to or rest upon the United States for
any damage from or by floods or flood waters at any place." 3 3 USC Section 702c; Central
Green Co. v. US, {2(}C�1) 531 U.S. 42 5, 426. As the U.S. Supreme Court has noted, "It is difficult
to imagine broader language." US v. James, (1986) 478 US 597, 604. This language generally
protects the federal gone ent against any claims for property damages,personal injury or
death resulting from floods or floodwaters. Id.
Flood Management Liability Hearing 6 October 25,2005
The immunity applies regardless of whether the government has acted with negligence,
or would otherwise be liable under the Federal Tort Claims Act. Id. This broad grant of
injustices, and has even been termed an
immunity has been criticized by the courts as creating
anachronism by one U.S. Supreme Court justice. See Hiersche v. United States, (1992) 112 S
Ct. 1304 (Stevens);Matthew Gregory,-50 Am. Jur. 2d Levees and Flood Control Section 12
(2004)0
1. Takings
The immunity provision of the Flood Control Act, 33 USC section 702c,, does not extend
to "takings" claims. See, Turner v. US., (1989) 17 Cl. Ct. 832. The United States Constitution
provides that private property shall not be "taken for private use without just compensation."
U.S. Const. Amend. V. Flooding caused by the federal government may sometimes constitute a
taking. To establish a taking by flooding, a landowner must show that the land is permanently
flooded, or it must be subject to frequent and inevitably recurring overflows. Pumpelly v. Green
Bay Co... (1871) 80 U.S, (13 Wall.) 166, 181.- The landowner must also show that the flooding
was caused by government action, caused substantial damage, and that the governmental
activities causing the flooding did not benefit the plaintiffs more than it injured them. Turner., 17
Cl. Ct. at 836. Only a"taking" is compensable under the Fifth Amendment, damages resulting
from lesser invasions are not. Hartwig v. United States, (Ct. Cl. 1973)485 F.2d 615, 619, A
lesser damages claim would be a form of a tort action and would be barred by the Flood Control
Act's immunity provision.
2. Indemnification
The federal government's immunity does not extend to breach of contract claims for
damages from or related to flood management projects. State of CA v. U.S., (Fed. Cir. 2001)271
F.3d 1377. In 1995, ajoint federal and California state water project flooded causing$5.3
million dollars of property damage in California. The state paid several claims seeking
compensation for the damages, and then sought partial reimbursement from the federal
government pursuant to a contract agreement. A federal appellate court rejected the
government's contention that it was immune to such damages under the Flood Control Act of
1928. Id. The Court held that to the extent that sovereign immunity might otherwise apply, it
had been previously waived by the Tucker Act, 28 U.S.C. section 1491, which permitted breach
of contract claims, among others, against the federal government. Id.
In summary., California would-be able to seek reimbursement from the federal
government for flood damages in the event of a major flood if a contract provision between the
state and federal government so provided. Otherwise,the federal government would most likely
have no legal responsibility for the billions of dollars in potential damages due to the broad grant
of immunity in the Flood Control Act and a stringent "takings" standard.
B. Current State Liability Via Inverse Condemnation
Claims for flood damages against the state and other public agencies are often grounded
on.the theory of inverse condemnation,which is rooted in the following Constitutional provision:
"Private property maybe taken or damaged for public use only when just compensation . . . has
first been paid to . . . the owner." Cal. Const. Art. 1, Sect. 19. When a public use or
improvement(such as a dam or flood management project)results in damage to private property
Flood Management Liability Hearing 7 October 25,2005
without having been preceded by just compensation, then the damaged private property owner
may bring an action against the public entity to recover just compensation. Because the private
property owner,, as opposed to the public entity, initiates the action, it is termed an"inverse"
condemnation. Cal. Const. Art. 1, Sect. 19. See also,Breidert v. Southern Pac. Co. (1964)61,
Cal. 2d 659, 663 fn., 1;Belmont County Water Dist. v. California (1976) 65 Cal. App. 3d 13, 19,
fn. 3;Arreola v. County of Monterrey(2002) 99 Cal. App. 4h 722, 7370
The underlying policy concern in inverse condemnation cases has less to do with
deterring negligent behavior(as in tort law)than in preventing an individual private property
owner from bearing a disproportionate burden of the costs of a
public project(or costs incurred
from the failure or inadequacy of those projects). Paterno v. California (Paterno 11) (2003)Cal
App. 4th998, 1003;Locklin v. City of Lafayette(1994) 7 Cal. 4th 327;Belair v. Riverside County
Flood Control District(1988)47 Cal. 3d 550, 558;Holtz v Superior Court(1970) 3 Cal.. 3d 296,
303. A public entity will be liable for inverse condemnation in areas historically prone to
flooding, if its design, construction, or maintenance of a public improvement poses an
unreasonable risk of harm to/the plaintiff s property, and the unreasonable aspect of the
improvement is a substantial cause of damage. Arreola, 99 Cal. App. 4th at 739. In determining
reasonableness,the courts look beyond the conduct of the defending public entity toward a
balancing of broader policy considerations as set forth by the Supreme Court in Locklin.
Locklin, 7 Cal. 4h 327. Ultimately, the reasonableness standard in inverse condemnation cases
balances the public need for flood management projects against the risks and severity of damages
sustained by private landowners. Locklin., supra 7 Cal. 4th at 368;Paterno 11, supra, 113 Cal.
App. at 1018-1019.
In performing this balancing test, the courts apply the so-called"Locklin factors." (As
noted in Paterno I&II,the"Locklin factors"in fact consist of two overlapping set of factors.
Paterno II, supra, 113 Cal. App. 4th at 1016-1018.) These factors include(1)The overall public
purpose served by the improvement project; (2)the degree to which the plaintiff s loss is offset
by reciprocal benefits; (3)the availability to the public entity of feasible alternatives with lower
risks; (4)the severity of the plaintiff s damages in relation to risk-bearing capabilities; (5)the
extent to which the kind of damage sustained is considered as a normal risk of land ownership;
and(6)the degree to which the kind of damage is distributed at large oris peculiar to the
plaintiff(i.e. a"special damage.") In addition, a determination of reasonableness may also
consider the landowner's responsibility to take reasonable precautions to protect against potential
flood damage and to anticipate upstream developments that may increase the stream flow.
Bunch, supra 15 Cal. 4t'at 446-0 Paterno II.
J, supra 113 Cal. App. at 1017.
Recent court decisions have made clear that the state and other public entities maybe
held liable for the consequences of failing to maintain a flood management system or for failing
to mitigate a known danger. Paterno 11, 113 Cal. App. 4th 998. ('See also Paterno v. California
(Paterno 1) (1999) 74 Cal. App. 4th 68.);Arreola, 99 Cal. App. 4th 722. In the Paterno cases,
about 3000 plaintiffs sued both the state of California and a local reclamation district for
damages caused by the failure of a 1986 Yuba County levee that had been incorporated into a
state-managed regional flood management plan. The court of appeals found that the state was
liable to the plaintiffs for damages to their property caused by the flooding. The court reasoned
that when California incorporated the levee into the state plan it accepted liability as if it had
planned and built the system itself. Although the state had operated the levee for 75 years prior
to its failure, it had never corrected the levee's underlying structural flaws. The court did not
Flood Management Liability Hearing 8 October 25,2005
find liability on the part of the reclamation district because the local district only had
responsibility for maintenance; it did not have any authority or duty to correct structural flaws.
This ruling ultimately cost the state nearly half a billion dollars.
C. Local Liability in Inverse Condemnation Cases
In cases arising from flood damages,plaintiffs often bring multiple claims against both
the state and public entities (e.g.Paterno, Belair,Akins, and Arreola). The liability that various
entities (including cities, counties,reclamation districts, levee districts, etc.)might face in the
event of major flooding depends in large part upon the role that they have played in the flood
management system of the flooded region. In assessing liability as between various entities,
courts consider which entity has sufficient control and authority to prevent,remedy, or guard
against the known danger. Arreola, 99 Cal. App., 4th at 761-763.
Local public entities will likely not be liable for flooding done to floodplain housing
developments where their sole function was in approving the development. The courts have held
that inverse condemnation liabilitwill not lie aizainst a public entity for dama e o private
of %fto
property caused by private development approved or authorized by that public entity,where the
public entity's sole affirmative action was the issuance of permits and approval of a subdivision
map. DiMartino v. City of Orinda, (Cal. App, 4.2000) 80 Cal. App, 4h 329, 339; Ullery v.
County of Contra Costa, (Cal. App. 1 *1988)202 Cal. App. 3d 562, 570.
However, local entities have been found liable under inverse condemnation when the
damages arose from their failure to maintain a flood management project when they were
required to do so. In Galli v. California, the local levee maintenance district was liable in tort
and inverse condemnation for flood damages resulting from the failure of anon-project levee. In
that case, the State Reclamation Board was found not to be liable because the Board did not have
a mandatory duty to review the maintenance district's work plan for repairing the non-project
levee; the levee was not under the control of the state, and the local district was responsible for
maintaining the district. Galli v. State of California (1979), 98 Cal. App. 3d 662.
In Arreola, various local entities (including counties and local water districts)were found
liable in tort and inverse condemnation for extensive damage caused when the Pajaro River
Levee failed during a heavy rainstorm in 1995. Arreola, 99 Cal. App. 4th 722 (also finding the
state liable because drainage culverts on Highway I were too small). The local entities had
assumed complete responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the flood management
project within their respective borders,but had subsequently failed to keep the project clear of
vegetation and shoals. The appellate court found that inadequate maintenance can support
liability for inverse condemnation. It noted 11W I
3% e conclude that in order to prove the type of
governmental conduct that will support liability in inverse condemnation it is enough to show
that the entity was aware of the risk posed by its public improvement and deliberately chose a
course of action—or inaction—in the face of that known risk." Id. at 744,
Thus it appear*s that assessing the relative liability of the state and local entities will
depend upon the particular facts of the case. Important factors include whether the levee is a
project or non-project levee, the cause of the flood damages, and the responsibilities of each
entity. The liability of public entities will also be impacted by contract provisions and statutes
related to indemnification. For example, the Legislature has required local agencies conducting
Flood Management Liability Hearing 9 October 25,2005
V
levee maintenance in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta to enter into an agreement with the state
prior to receiving funding for maintenance. The agreement requires the local agencies to
indemnify the state and prohibits the local agencies from holding the state liable for any damages
except those caused by gross negligence. Water Code Section 12992,see also,Water Code
Section 12316.
D. Negligence and Other Potential Theories of Liability
Most suits against state and local entities brought to recover damages caused by levee
and/or flood management failure have been based on a theory of"inverse condemnation."
Traditionally, the government was considered immune to tort actions. In 1961,the California
Supreme Court concluded, "After a reevaluation of the rule of governmental-immunity from tort
liability we have concluded that it must be discarded as mistaken and unjust." Muskopf v.
Corning Hosp. Dist., (1961) 55 Cal. 2d 211, 213. The Legislature gave legislative approvalto
the judicial repudiation of sovereign immunity in 1963 by enacting a comprehensive set of
statutes. 5 Witkins Sum. Cal. Law Torts Section 129. Now all state and local public entities are
subject to tort liability to the extent declared by statute. Id. Although the Tort Claims Act
(Government Code section 810, et seq.) contains a general immunity provision(section 815),the
Act imposes liability in particular circumstances. Successful tort claims arising from a major
flood could mean a significant increase in the amount of a public entity's liability since plaintiffs
could potentially recover actual damages, including pain and suffering. 5 Witkins Sum. Cal. Law
Torts Section 136.
In short, claims for damages other than "inverse condemnation" can be brought against
public entities both at the state and local level. Five alternative theories discussed below,which
might allow plaintiffs to circumvent the general immunity provisions of the Torts Claim Act, are
(1) dangerous conditions on public property; (2)mandatory duty; (3) employee negligence and
vicarious liability; (4)nuisance; and(5) liability implied in statutes creating a flood management
project.
I. "Dangerous Condition of Public Property" (Cal. Govt. Code § 835)
California Government Code section 835 creates an exception to the government
liability immunity provision of the California Torts Claim Act. Section 835 imposes upon a
public entity for injury caused by the dangerous condition of its property. In order to state a
cause of action against a public entity under section 835, the plaintiff must plead that(1) a
dangerous condition existed on the public property at the time of the injury; (2)the dangerous
condition proximately caused the-injury; (3)the dangerous condition created a reasonably
foreseeable risk of the kind of injury sustained; and(4)the public entity had actual or
constructive notice of the dangerous condition in sufficient time to have taken corrective
measures. It is not necessary that the injury occur on the dangerous property, for the dangerous
condition may cause damage to adjacent properties. Vedder v County of Imperial(1974) 36 Cal.
App. 3d 654; Cornette v. Dept. of Trans. (2001) 26 Cal. 4th 63;Zelig v County of Los Angeles
(2002) 27 Cal. 4th 1112;Brenner v. City of El Cajon (2003) 113 Cal. App. 4h 434.
Constructive notice of a dangerous condition can be imputed to the public entity if it can
be shown that an obvious danger existed for a sufficient period time to allow public entity
employees,when exercising due care, to discover and remedy the danger. Nashihama v. City
and County of San Francisco (2001), 93 Cal. App. 4th 298*
Flood Management Liability Hearing 10 October 25,2005
In non-flooding cases, several courts have held that public entities maybe held liable for
damages caused by dangerous conditions on public property. Hibbs v Los Angeles County
(1967) 252 Cal. App. 2d 166. See,also Sumner Peck Ranch v Bureau of Reclamation (.1993) 823
F. Supp. 715 (interpreting section 835). In Miller v. Los Angeles Flood Control District(1973) 8
Cal. 3d 689,the California Supreme Court reinstated a jury verdict for plaintiffs in a wrongful
death action due to dangerous conditions of public property. The Court held that the jury
reasonably concluded that the City and the District had negligently created a dangerous condition
by not clearing a debris basin. Miller, 8 Cal. 3d at 699.
Although many of the"dangerous conditions"cases suggest that the plaintiff bears a
heavy burden in meeting the elements,the courts nonetheless make it clear that injuries caused
.6 0.a
by dangerous conditions on public property are outside of the scope of general governmental
0
immumty. (See e.g.Paterno I(1999).) Should the state's suspect Sacramento-area and Delta
levees break and cause widespread flood damage, it seems that the four elements of a"dangerous
conditions" action could be met: 1)the condition will have existed at the time of the injury; 2)
the break will constitute the proximate cause of the flood damage; 3) flood damage is a
foreseeable risk where there are faulty levees in a flood plain; and 4)the state and local entities
have actual, or at the very least constructive,notice of the problem. Moreover,where a flood
causes death as well as property destruction—as in the Katrina tragedy—plaintiffs could use the
"dangerous condition" exception to allege wrongful death,which could lead to increased
damages.
2. "Mandatory Duty" (Cal. Govt. Code Section § 815.6)
California law also creates an exception to the general immunity provisions of the Tort
Claims Act where a public entity fails to discharge a duty mandated by statute. Government
Code section 815.6 states that where a public entity"is under a mandatory duty" imposed by a
statute designed to prevent a particular type of injury,then the public entity is liable if its failure
to perform that duty causes the type of injury that the statute was designed to prevent. The
section allows a suit against a public entity so long as three elements are met: 1) the statute must
impose a mandatory, as opposed to a discretionary, duty; 2)the statute must have been designed
to prevent the kind of injury suffered; and 3)the breach of mandatory duty must be a proximate
cause of the injury suffered. Braman v State(1994) 28 Cal. App. 4th 344;Zolin v Superior Court
(1993) 19 Cal. App. 4�' 1157; State v Superior Court of Sacramento (1984) 150 Cal. App. 3d
848; Haggis v City of Los Angeles (2000) 22 Cal. 4th490,
In Galli v. California, a trial court found the State Reclamation Board liable based on its
mandatory duty to review and approve or disapprove district work plans in the Sacramento delta
region. Although the appellate court reversed in part, the court did not reject the possibility that
statutorily defined duties might trump the immunity provisions. Rather, it simply argued that the
particular provision in question did not create the mandatory duty on the part of the state
reclamation board as claimed by plaintiffs. Galli v. State of California (1979), 98 Cal. App. 3d
662. Therefore, it remains a possibility that public entities could face tort claims arising out of a
mandatory duty in the event of a flood disaster.
3. Employee Negligence &Vicarious Liability (Cal. Govt. Code 815.2)
According to Government Code Section 815.2, a public entity may be held vicariously
liable for the act or omission of an employee acting within the scope of employment,
Flood Management Liability Hearing 11 October 25,2005
notwithstanding provisions of immunity. In addition, Government Code Section 825 provides
that an employee or former employee may request a public entity to defend him or her against
any claim or action arising out of an act or omission occurring within the scope of employment.
Paterno recognized indictum that the acts of employees may result in tort liability. Paterno, 113
Cal. App. 4th at 1013 ("Where damage result from the acts of the employees . [r]ecovery, if
any, lies in a tort action, such as negligence.")
4. Nuisance (Cal, Civil Code § 3479):
California Civil Code section 3479 defines"nuisance" as"[a]nything which is injurious
to health, including,but not limited to ... an obstruction to thefree use of property, so as to
interfere with the comfortable enioYM ent of life or property, or unlawfully obstructs the free
enjoyment
passage or use, in the customary manner, of any navigable lake, or river,bay, stream,canal, or
basin, or any public park, square, street, or highway, is a nuisance." (Emphasis added.)
Courts have found that the Tort Claims Act does not bar nuisance actions against public
entities,citing California Civil Code sections 3479, 3480 and 3481 (which define-nuisance in
0
general, and public and private nuisance, in particular). Vedder v. County of Imperial(1974) 36
Cal. App. 3d 654. In addition, liability maybe established under provisions relating to
dangerous conditions of public property(such as Government Code section 835) or under some
other applicable statute. Nestle v. Santa Monica (1972) 6 Cal. 3d 920;Paterno v. California
(Paterno 1) (1999) 74 Cal. App. 4th 68.
Although the plaintiffs in Paterno relied mainly upon an"inverse condemnation"cause
of action,they also pleaded nuisance and dangerous conditions. In Paterno 1, the court
recognized that a plaintiff could plead both a"dangerous condition" and"nuisance" claim, even
though the two causes of action would rely on essentially the same facts. Paterno I concluded
that just because"a given set of facts fortuitously supports liability on two legal theories is not a
principled reason to deny a party the right to pursue each theory." Paterno I at 72-73. See also
Pfl'eger v. Superior Court(1985) 172 Cal. App. 421, at 429-432 (criticizing Longfellow).
Accordingly, it appears that in the event of major flooding, the state and local public entities
could face nuisance claims.
5. Liability Implied in Flood Management Project Statutes
In addition to the Tort Claims Act, the acts that created the districts may also provide a
potential source of liability. Although Hayashi v Alameda.County Flood Control(1959)was
decided before the modem Tort Claims Act(enacted in 1963), the earlier Public Liability Act
(1923)was based on the same principle that a government entity is not liable for tort unless the
legislature specifically imposes such liability by statute. The Hayashi court found that even
though the Public Liability Act did not impose liability on flood control districts, the act creating
the flood district did. The court looked at language granting the district the power to sue and be
sued, and creating a procedure for filing suit against the district. Hayashi v. Alameda County
Flood Control, (1959) 167 Cal. App. 2d 584. The reasoning of the Hayashi decision may still
apply to the extent that the statutes creating local flood control districts may provide an
independent source for a cause.of action.
Flood Management Liability Hearing 12 October 25,2005
E. Are There Realistic Theories of Liability of Builders and Developers?
As discussed later in this paper,rapid development is occurring behind California's
levees. This raises the issue of whether a builder or developer could be held liable for
constructing houses in a floodplain. Cases arising from flood damages caused by disasters (e.g.
severe storms, levee breaks,, etc.)have generally not been brought against developers. Nv cause
of action for inverse condemnation may lie against them. However, a cause of action may rest in
general tort principles. Such an action would probably be based on claims of negligence. See
e.g.,Ektelon v. City of San Diego, (1988)200 Cal. App. 3d 804, 810 ("The liability of the private
developer ... is defined by negligence principles.") A developer would only be negligent if s/he
failed to use the skill and care that a reasonably careful developer would have used in similar
circumstances(i.e. building new homes in a floodplain). California Civil Jury Instructions
(CACI)401, 600. The basis for liability is the foreseeability of harm in a particular case. Tucker
v. Lombardo, (1956)47 Cal. 2d 457,464. Whether something is an "unreasonable risk" often
turns on the question of whether the foreseeable risk of danger outweighs the utility of the act or
the manner in.which it was done. Chaplis v. County of Monterey, (1979) 97 Cal. App. 3d 249,
265.
Therefore, any cases brought against a developer for building in a floodplain will
necessarily consider whether the decision to build was reasonable. If the developer has relied
upon representations made by FEMA, or state or local entities, that the levees can withstand a
specified flood risk, then it is likely that the developer will have been deemed to have acted
reasonably. If the developer is aware of a flood risk, or should be aware of a flood risk,but still
continues to build on a piece of property, then the developer maybe subject to liability. See
Sabella v. Wisler, (1963).59 Cal. 2d 21 (builder found to have negligently constructed home on
an improperly compacted lot where he negligently failed to discover the unsuitable nature of the
ground.)
The Legislature has imposed a statutory duty upon a seller of a piece of property to give
notice to a buyer if the property is located in a special flood hazard area designated by FEMA, or
is located within an area subject to potential flooding from a dam failure. Cal. Govt. Code
Sections 8589.3, 8589.4; Cal. Civ. Code Section 1103. Not all Properties behind levee's must
receive notice. For example, levee updates may result in FEMA removing a property from a
special flood hazard area. Cal. Civ. Code Section 1103.2(c). The seller is not liable for
inaccurate or omitted information if s/he used ordinary care,relied on information provided by a
public agency, and did not have personal knowledge that the property was in a flood hazard area.
Cal. Civ. Code Section 1103.4(a). If the buyer does not receive the disclosure prior to the
scheduled date of the transfer of property,the buyer may withdraw his or her offer to purchase
the property. Op. Atty. Gen. No. 01-406 (Aug. 24, 2001). However if the transfer of property
occurs without the disclosure, the failure to comply with the notice requirements will not
invalidate the transfer of property,but a seller will be liable for any actual damages suffered by
the owner. Id.; Cal. Civ. Code Section 1103.13. Actual damages represent the buyer's out-of-
pocket losses with respect to the transaction(i.e. the difference between the actual value paid for
the property and the actual value of the property). Saunders v. Taylor, (1996)42 Cal. App. 4th
1538.7 1542-44. These damages could be minimal. I
Any action against a builder or developer will depend on the given facts. Realistically,
however, it maybe difficult for plaintiffs to succeed in any type of cause of action against them,
Flood Management Liability Hearing 13 October 25,2005
F. Conclusion Regarding Liability
In summary, a major flooding event could expose the state and local entities to major
liability. A finding that the responsible entities failed to maintain the flood management system
or knew that the system was at risk and failed to mitigate the risk,would impact the liability of
the entities. Injured parties could bring claims against the government on theories of inverse
condemnation and various tort theories. The realization that both the state and local
governments could potentially be responsible for billions of dollars in damages leads to several
additional questions, including,but not limited to,the following:
✓ What are the consequences of the existing liability regime?
✓ What actions are encouraged or discouraged due to the existing liability regime?
✓ Does liability rest with those who can take steps to prevent floods or flood damage?
✓ Can and should the state attempt to modify who is legally held liable in the event of a
catastrophic flood?
✓ If so
how?
✓ What effect will this have?
v,' Should the*focus be solely on investing more money in prevention?
Ill. Effect of Flood Insurance
Ensuring broader insurance coverage for flood risks may provide one way for the State to
minimize the scope of its financial exposure. Currently, flood insurance is provided primarily
through the National Flood Insurance Program(N-PIP), a division of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency(FEMA). Properties located in communities participating in the program
are eligible for federal flood insurance,but such insurance is mandated only for properties
located in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs), as mapped by FEMA. However, as illustrated
by recent events and past flooding in California,there are significant portions of existing
floodplains that are at risk of flooding but are not included in SFHAs as mapped by FEMA, and
owners of improved properties in these areas are thus not required to purchase insurance. This
has in some cases created the mistaken impression by property owners that their properties are
not at risk.
A. National Flood Insurance Program
The NFIP was created by Congress with the passage of the National Flood Insurance Act
of 1968, and was substantially amended in 1973 and 1994. The NFIP makes flood insurance
available to property owners in participating communities. Cities and counties must meet
minimum criteria for floodplain management and building standards to be eligible to participate
in the program. Since 1973, federal flood insurance has been mandated for properties located in
an SFHA, defined as an area within a floodplain having a 1 percent or greater chance of flood
occurrence in any given year. The mandate is enforced through federally regulated mortgage
lenders,who are prohibited from making or renewing any loan secured by improved real
property located in an SFHA in a participating community unless the secured building and
personal property are covered for the life of the loan by flood insurance. The flood insurance
requirement is enforced by federal agency lender regulators, and through requirements for
monitoring and forced placement if policies lapse.
Flood Management Liability Hearing 14 October 25,2005
B. Mapping
FEMA conducts flood insurance studies to determine the location of SFHAs and issues
Flood Hazard Boundary Maps showing the location of each of these areas. FEMA is currently in
the process of updating and digitizing the maps, and recently issued a circular entitled Procedure
Memorandum 34—Interim Guidance for Studies Including Levees. The memorandum indicates
that as FEMA works on updating the maps it is attempting to identify the location of all levees in
the study area, and that it is the responsibility of the community or other party seeking
recognition of a levee system at the time of a flood risk study to certify that the levees provide
protection from a 1-percent-annual-chance flood. While updating the maps to reflect current
levee conditions is desirable, some have questioned whether the 1%/100 year flood protection
standard is adequate, since this standard also means that there is a 26% chance that the home will
flood at some time over a typical 30 year mortgage term.
C. Answers to.Common Questions Regarding Flood Insurance
What does Homeowner's (HO) insurance cover?
HO insurance generally covers(up to policy limits) damage due to wind,wind-driven
-rain and fire,theft, vandalism, and damage caused by fallen trees. HO insurance also provides
coverage for the contents of a home and provides Additional Living Expense(ALE) coverage
that reimburses the costs of living in a temporary location and living expenses. HO insurance
generally does NOT cover losses in the event of a flood.
What does commercial property insurance cover?
Typically commercial property insurance will cover the building and permanently
attached fixtures and machinery. Commercial property insurance can be purchased as either a
specified perils policy or an open perils policy. A specified perils policy consists of a list of each
peril to be insured against, such as fire, explosion,windstorm, vandalism, et cetera. An.open
perils policy covers all losses unless they are specifically excluded. Earth movement
(including earthquake) and flood are two common perils that are excluded under open
perils coverage.
Am I eligible for flood insurance?
If you live in a SFHA, your mortgage lender requires you to have flood insurance. If you
do not live in a specially designated SFHA,you may still purchase a flood insurance policy, if
you live in a community that is participating in the NFIP program.
Residents of any community that agrees to participate in the program are eligible to
purchase insurance from the NFIP. In order to participate the community must have the
authority to adopt and enforce floodplain management ordinances for the area under its
jurisdiction. Each identified flood-prone community must assess its flood hazard and determine
whether flood insurance and floodplain management would benefit the community's residents
and economy.
The NFIP requires communities to maintain a minimum level of floodplain management
ordinances for its residents to be eligible to purchase flood insurance. To encourage
Flood Management Liability Hearing 15 October 25,2005
communities to exceed these minimum requirements,the NFIP established the Community
Rating System(CRS). In exchange for increasing flood preparedness and achieving a CRS
rating,the community's residents are offered discounted flood insurance premium rates.
Communities are rated by Class and fall into one often classes.
For CRS participating communities, flood insurance'premium rates are discounted in
increments of 5%; i.e., a Class 1 community would receive a 45%premium discount,while a
Class 9 community would receive a 5%discount(a Class 10 is not participating in the CRS and
receives no discount). The CRS classes for local communities are based on 18 creditable
activities, organized under four categories: (i)Public Information, (ii)Mapping and Regulations,
(iii)Flood Damage Reduction, and(iv)Flood Preparedness.
What does flood insurance cover?
Flood insurance purchased from the federal government's NFIP covers damage caused by
the general condition of flooding.
The NFIP offers three Standard Flood Insurance Policy forms. The three policy forms
are:
• The Dwelling Form insures residential structures and/or contents and individual
residential condominium units. Residential insurance for one-to four-family unit
buildings and individual residential condominium units are written under the Dwelling
Form and are eligible for up to $250,000 in building coverage and up to $100,000 on
personal property coverage. On average, a homeowner policy costs about$400 a year for
around$100,000 of coverage.
• The General Property Form insures residential buildings of more than four families as
well as non-residential buildings(schools, churches,businesses, etc.). Residential
buildings containing more than four units are written under the General Property Form
and are eligible for up to $250,000 in building coverage and up to$100,000 on personal
property. Non-residential insurance-for properties like schools, churches and
commercial structures-are written under the General Property Form and are eligible for
building coverage up to $500,000 and$500,000 on personal.property.
• The Residential Condominium Building Association Policy Form(RCBA-P) insures
associations under the condominium form of ownership. Condominium associations are
written under the Residential Condominium Building Association Policy-or RCBAP-
Fo
and are eligible for building coverage,which includes all units within the building
(and imp*rovements),up to $250,000 times the number of units within the residential
building. Personal property coverage is limited to $100,000 per building.
In addition,the Preferred Risk Policy is a lower-cost option, for building and contents coverage
on properties located in a low-to moderate-risk area. It is available for both residential and non-
residential properties.
Generally there is a standard 30-day waiting period, from date of purchase,before a new
flood policy goes into effect. However, if a lender requires flood insurance in connection with
the making, increasing, extending or renewing of a loan, there is*no waiting period.
Flood Management Liability Hearing 16 October 25,2005
What happens.to those homeowners who did not have flood insurance?
If they are not covered by HO insurance and they don't have flood insurance,then they
will have to turn to FEMA for federal taxpayer assistance. Federal disaster assistance is only
available if the President formally declares a disaster. In addition, it is often a loan which must
be repaid with interest, in addition to the mortgage loan that the property owner still owes on the
damaged property. There are also limits on federal disaster assistance for repetitive losses. If a
homeowner receives federal disaster assistance for a flood, and then is required to maintain
insurance and fails to do so, they maybe ineligible for federal disaster assistance in the case of a
subsequent flood.
D. State Authority to Require Flood Insurance
Ensuring broader insurance coverage for flood risks may provide one way for the State to
minimize the scope of its financial exposure. However, the state's ability to expand flood
insurance requirements beyond federal law maybe constrained to some extent by federal
preemption doctrines,though the extent of preemption remains an open question. As explained
above,, the NFIP is implemented and enforced through mortgage lenders. National banks are
regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency(OCC). Federal regulations
promulgated by the OCC include Title 12 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 34,which
40.11
provides that state laws are preempted if they"obstruct, impair, or conaitionit a national bank's
exercise of its federally authorized lending powers. A state law conditioning a mortgage loan on
the purchase and maintenance of flood insurance., in geographic areas beyond the narrow SFHA
zones where such insurance is currently mandated under federal law, could be construed as a -
condition on the extension of credit and preempted as applied to national banks. In addition to
the OCC, there are other federal agencies which oversee other types of federally regulated
financial institutions, such as the Office of Thrift Supervision, which have similar preemption
provisions. Although the state's authority to enforce such requirements through federally
regulated lending institutions maybe limited, the state may have greater authority to apply such
requirements to state chartered banks and other state lending institutions.
I
The National Flood Insurance Act itself may also limit the ability of states to expand
flood insurance requirements beyond federal law. Section 4024 of Title 42 of the United States
Code provides that the Director shall consult'with other federal agencies, and with states and
local agencies having responsibilities for flood control in order to assure that the programs of
such agencies and the federal flood insurance program are "mutually consistent." (42 USC
4024.) However, it is possible that if the state were to adopt mandatory flood insurance
requirements that were in addition to but not in conflict with the federal law, such state mandates
could be construed as "mutually consistent."
The National Flood Insurance Act also contains provisions which indicate that the federal
government does contemplate that states will act to restrict development in flood prone areas.
For example, Section 4023 of Title 42 of the United States Code provides:
No new flood insurance coverage shall be provided under this chapter for any property
which the Director finds has been declared by a duly constituted State or-local zoning
authority, or other authorized public body,to be in violation of State or local laws,
Flood Management Liability Hearing 1'7 October 25,* 2005
regulations, or ordinances which are intended to discourage or otherwise restrict land
development or occupancy in flood-prone areas. (42 USC 4023.)
State land use restrictions in flood plain areas are further encouraged by other provisions
of the NFIP, including the Community Rating System,which provides incentives in the form of
reduced insurance premiums to communities that voluntarily adopt and enforce floodplain
management activities which go beyond the minimum required by federal law. Properties
located in communities that do not meet the minimum-requirements for participation in the NFIP
are ineligible for federal flood insurance coverage. Reforms adopted by Congress in an effort to
reduce repetitive losses to the NFIP also give FEMA statutory authority in some circumstances
to penalize policyholders who refuse government assistance to relocate. FEMA's repetitive loss
strategy includes a program to target insured properties which have had repetitive flood losses
for mitigative action that includes,, in some cases,removing them from the floodplain.
IV. Effect of Land-Use Decisions
Since the 1993 flooding on the Mississippi River, development in the floodplain has
received increased attention. A 1994 Corps report suggested greater federal involvement in
managing development in floodplains. The National Flood Insurance Program issued a policy on
repetitive claims,which encouraged relocation of communities that repeatedly file NFIP claims.
The 2002 Corps Comprehensive Study also observed that the Central Valley flood management
system was designed for agricultural uses, and urban expansion into agricultural areas "placed
demands on the system that were not originally anticipated."
The Central Valley population and associated development have grown dramatically in
recent years. In the San Joaquin Valley,population has grown an average of 2.1% annually
since 1990. Waterfo r Growth,Public Policy Institute of Cal. (2005). Cities in the Sacramento
Valley have grown even more dramatically. In the last five years,Yuba City grew 58%, Chico
grew 21% and Sacramento grew 11%. Cities and Counties Ranked,Dept. of Finance(January
2005). With new housing developments planned, Central Valley population growth does not
appear to be subsiding, leading to greater pressure to encroach into flood plains.
A. Increasing Flood Risk for Urban Areas
Both new developments and,existing communities face increasing flood risk. In addition
to the problem of aging flood control facilities, flood conditions are changing. Greater urban
development creates greater volumes.of stormwater runoff and increases Valley temperatures.
As a result of the Valley heat bubble, the snow elevation level has increased as much as 1500
feet in the last 25 years, meaning less snow and more rain that flows almost immediately into
Valley rivers. Current federal floodplain maps fail--to reflect these changed flood conditions and
the resulting floodplain expansions. Such new infornation and new analysis leads to changes i n
community assessments of flood risks.
After the 1986 flood,which nearly caused catastrophic flooding in Sacramento, for
example,the Corps reassessed the region's level of flood protection and concluded that it had
less than 1 00-year level of flood protection. As a result, FEMA remapped the area into the
regulatory floodplain in 1989. Since then intensive efforts by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Flood Management Liability Hearing 18 October 25,2005
the State Reclamation Board, and the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency(SAFCA)have
resulted in substantial flood protection improvements. Early measures focused on levee
-%r
improvements and re-operation of Folsom Dam,which together haveprovided 100-yre;;ar level of
flood protection for the Natomas area(1988) and the American River floodplain(2005).
SAFCA and its partners are now focused on providing 100-year level of flood protection for the
South Sacramento area by the*end of 2006, and advancing plans for higher regional flood
protection through modifications to Folsom Dam storage and outlet capacity. Since SAFCA and
its partners began making regional levee improvements in 1990, the understanding of how levees
function has advanced significantly and performance criteria have been tightened accordingly.
Furthermore, as the storm history for the region accumulates) it appears that we are facing a
higher probability of large, intense storm systems. 'Therefore SAFCA's goal of incrementally
achieving 100-year level flood protection, then advancing to better than 200-year level
9 0
protection,has been a moving target, requiring periodic review of design criteria and completed
work along with execution of new projects.
B. Statutory Requirements for Analysis of Flood Risks
In planning and approving new development affected by flood risk, California statutes
require some assessment. In the general plan process, local agencies must consider flood risks as
part of the safety element and may consider flood issues as part of the resource conservation
element. Cal. Govt. Code § 65302. For development projects analyzed under the California
Environmental Quality Act,the Environmental Checklist also requires some assessment of flood
hazards. CEQA Guidelines, Appendix G, § VI. The Reclamation Board also enjoys certain
regulatory authority over floodplain developments under its statute. Cal. Water Code § 8710*
C. Recent Development Controversies
In.other parts of the Central Valley,proposed housing developments in floodplains also
continue to draw attention. In the last year, the Reclamation Board has played an increasingly
active role in assessing the flood risks for new developments and criticizing gaps in flood
protection. Those projects have included:
Plumas Lakes (Yuba County): The Yuba County Board of Supervisors approved this
project despite recent history of flooding(1997) in the aptly named Plumas Lakes. The
Reclamation Board has been working with Yuba County to address flood risks.
• Mossdale Landing (City of Lathrop): The Reclamation Board expressed concern about
this 500-unit mixed use development west of Interstate 5. The Board cited concern over
inadequate levees,which were not improved when the Corps of Engineers restored them after
the 1997 flood, and flooding due to "a rise of the groundwater level on the landside of the
San Joaquin River."
• Clarksburg/Sugar Mill(Polo County): The Reclamation Board has expressed concern
about replacing an old sugar mill with a mixed-use development that includes new housing,
due to adjacent aging levees along the Sacramento River.
Flood Management Liability Hearing 19. October 25,2005
• River Islands (City of Lathrop): This proposal involves 1.1,000 new homes on a Delta
island. The developer recently announced that it would build its own levees inside the island,
so that it would not touch existing levees that created the island and thereby incur any State
regulation by the Reclamation Board.
Governor Schwarzenegger recently replaced all the Reclamation Board members,which
were holdovers from the Davis Administration(one from the Wilson Administration) and
installed seven new members. Of the new members, four have tie's to agriculture, one formerly
managed the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency, and two others are engineers.
D. Recent Legislation Related To Flood Management/Land-Use
This year, several bills related directly or indirectly to flood management, including one
bill that addressed the land-use connection.
• AB 802 (Wolk)would have required cities,when preparing general plans for development,
to assess flood management issues. It did not pass the Assembly floor.
• AB 1665 (Laird) started out as the Schwarzenegger Administration's proposal to create a
state agency that could raise flood management funding through assessments on Central
Valley landowners. Opposition led the Administration organizing a stakeholder process. By
the time they drafted a new bill, the deadline for a Senate committee hearing had passed. It
now contains various provisions related to floodplain mapping and notice.
• AB 797 (Wolk) strengthened the influence of the Delta Protection Commission over local
land-use decisions. Although the bill does not expressly relate to flood management,
development in the Delta affects the nature of Delta flood management.
• SB 264 (Machado)extended the life of the Delta Flood Protection Fund for two years,while
DV;R completes the"Delta Risk Management Study" for Delta levees. This fund provides
"subventions" or funding to local,levee agencies to maintain or improve Delta levees.
• Budget Trailer Bill: In response to proposals to pay$464 million to settle the Paterno
litigation,the Senate Budget Subcommittee on Resources proposed requiring,by 2012,that
all new development achieve a 200-year level of flood protection.
Both the development community and local government organizations have expressed
concern about the State playing a greater role in land-use decisions for the floodplains.
Development interests were instrumental in defeating AB 802. During the Senate Budget
Subcommittee on Resources hearing on the flood protection requirement, one homebuilder
lobbyist asserted that there was no connection between flood management and land use.
Considering the continuing controversies over local developments in the floodplain,the issue of
land use in floodplains nevertheless will continue to arise in the years ahead.
Flood Management Liability Hearing 20 October 25,2005
AW)"fo
V40��N
�p R 10 VS��
-MIM
gA Q �,, i. G� CSNti�aro N�
pt1�Epi.30os
E�
Q�
PR
&its
A
SHAO'
1000 Co
VOJ
%0*0"Mot •
of
C, 001A -T W 04 111volofow 04000%00 soils 140 pvto-.0
Vt40 ot imomwo
od liptoo
to- C.!--
A
...............
lilt
CAL
0;-101 ItAs sic#
4000
lktvo*tot c
014 1-01
A C;i
140*0`1
owl"*
cro*jr
too
7
10 C34
1AGV if
*00
FOL
am's
.S Pvt-
000b"
uNtaN GOo f
owl-.
pvt
so
p
W"to -.Mot
its&
POO
toCpIll
It*'Poo,
6. rr;`drat Owl L.All
O.CLLV'E
Ir
mLLEProl"
—LAKF.
!Los%ties
40
owss
nos
.1 1
LAI
'K GS pfto,3fC'T
000 OW
1
Attachment 7
Report: Senate Subcommittee on Delta Resources, Senate
Transpo ati*on and Housing Committee, and Joint
Committee on Emergency Services and Homeland
Security joint interim hearing on "Thinking the
Unthinkable-Are We Ready for Major Floods I*n the
Delta;?"
Senate Subcommittee on Delta Resources
Senate Transportation and Housing Committee
Joint Committee on Emergency Services and Homeland Security
Thinking the Unthinkable—Are We Ready for Major Floods in the Delta?
Interim Hearing
Tuesday,November 1,2005
9:00 a.m.— 12:00 noon
Opening Comments:
Senator Michael J. Machado,, Chair, Subcommittee on Delta Resources
Senator Tom Torlakson, Chair, Transportation and Housing Committee
Senator Christine Kehoe, Chair,, Joint Committee on Emergency Services and Homeland
Security
Panel I - The State of Our Levees
Lester Snow, Director, Department of Water Resources
Pete Rabbon, Executive Director,Reclamation Board
Tom Zuckerman, Central Delta Water Agency
Panel 2 -Emergency Response—Are We Equipped to React to a Regional Flood?
Paul Jacks,, Deputy Director of Response and Recovery, Office of Emergency Services
Ron Baldwin, Director of Operations, San Joaquin County Office of Emergency Services
Carole Hopwood, Sacramento County Office of Emergency Services
Les Harder, Acting Deputy Director for Public Safety and Flood Management,
Department of Water Resources
Pane13 -Can Our Levee System Be Foolproof?
Jeff Mount, Professor;Director, Center for Integrated Watershed Science and
Management, University of California at Davis
John Cain, Director of Natural Heritage Institute Restoration Programs, Natural Heritage
Institute
Public Comments
REBUILDING CALIFORNIA:
OUR LEVEE SYSTEM
October 28,, 2005
Tom Torlakson,Chair
Senate Transportation and Horsing Committee
Hurricane Katrina's devastating strike in the Louisiana Delta region highlights a fact
people interested in California Delta issues have recognized for some time: potential
levee failures threaten 500,000 lives, 200,000 structures, 2 million acres of agricultural
land, the drinking water on which 22 million Californians depend, and habitat for an
incredible variety of natural resources.
As someone who has filled sandbags during a levee flood fight and served on previous
emergency Delta levee task forces, I have long argued for the focus and funds needed to
strengthen the levee system in our Delta region. The lessons of Katrina teach us to focus
on what we can do to protect our region—and the entire state—from the impacts of
levee failures.
There is a clear state responsibility in investing in this infrastructure.The Delta
environments magnificent natural resources are state and natural treasures. The goods
movement in our shipping channels and on Highways 4, 5, 12, and 160 are important to
California's economy. The protection of our water supply is vital to California's homes
and our economy.
A comprehensive effort to ensure the safety and reliability of our flood protection
systems is required to protect lives, property,and our water supply. When
implemented,the costs of prevention will be far,far less than dealing with the tragic
aftermath of flood disasters. Old adages apply: "An ounce of prevention is worth a
%�f
pound of cure" and "Pay now, or pay later."
Elements of this comprehensive strategy should include:
• The statewide impact calls for a statewide solution.Who benefits from our
levee system?Who should help pay for its maintenance and repair? Since a wide
cross section of California interests benefit from the levees and our current Delta
system and since the values reflected in these benefits are important to the state
as a whole, statewide resources should be invested.
What statewide resources,such as a bond measure or general fund allocations,
are needed to mitigate this growing infrastructure crisis?How could state
investments of this type be leveraged to secure other funding sources? For
example, SB 1024, the infrastructure bond authored by Senator Perata and
myself,would provide$1 billion for strengthening and repairing g our levees
and require at least$1 billion in matching funds from other sources.
• Beneficiaries should help pay for levee maintenance and repair. It is logical
that people and businesses that enjoy the values and who benefit from the Delta
levee system should have a direct role in paying for the levees' repair and
maintenance. To what degree?What are the capabilities of these users?
The 1982 report by the "Emergency Delta Task Force" identified a variety of
beneficiaries and recommended they each pay towards a balanced and
comprehensive protection program—the shipping companies whose freighters
traverse the Delta; boaters and fishermen enjoying the natural resources;
reclamation districts, farmers and homeowners whose property is protected by
levees; and, of course,the water users of Delta water who would not want the
salt, organic materials, and other contaminants mixed into their supplies should
pivotal levees fail. All these interests face severe negative unpacts. What would
be a fair and collectable user fee for each beneficiary category?
What is a fair acre-foot charge or per-water-meter charge for"water quality
reliability?"
• Funding provided by the state should be matched by federal sources.We must
maximize the state taxpayer's dollar and the amount of resources that can be
used to fix this growing problem.Our commitment of regular state funding
should be matched by significant federal matching help. Such a proactive
protection program will save the federal government billions of dollars over the
decades ahead m* FEMA disaster costs avoided.
• Prioritization is CMCI*Lal,,Comprehensive planning requires prioritization of
repair needs. Those levees that protect the most lives, property,water supply,
and/or key state highways should have the first claim on the state's resources.
Resource protection and enhancement should be additional priorities.We need
to determine a balanced,fair, and logical system. We should recognize that not
all levees and islands are equal.We must be willing to establish a tiered system
of investment
The reason the 1982 Emergency Delta Task Force report recommendations were
not implemented—like similar recommendations in other subsequent reports
hes in the fact that these are difficult issues to resolve. But this hard work must
be done. Katrina consequences loom large for our own Delta and millions of
Californians. It is our duty to act now.
IN
Fax sunt by 9164452209 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11-83-85 03:12 P /
Pg: 3 29
• • �' ,,' 1 ' • , • .
A�.I F� �:IA T�!R�4T O•UT S SEES
A %LSO ..
D ..�. ;•. .•'�..r♦•� .•r .. . . .. '
•
Suo.'PLY DEPENDS..0N PUMP S IN ELT A • �• � . .�•���•4�,�w r.� • ''. ' •• , •.,
M%
VENTURA COUNTY-nSTA
Bylio*HNKRIST. .,-STAFF
..
water aoa ers and Mood• r .•. . .
Like, eo 1 across the Coon •Californ�a s n1
tr ed by � of djesttuc�on in NewOrbs.Bift.
� .
majorcan city cn led b levee fanrh�re•has•s a s� *...
Cance to: �fw• a, .,: .
••�.�y;`.r�•
most stere.wa a fikhtr6pe between�ttl�e naaoi�s st _..,� .: ,• .• .
• A'MM'lar disaster,•th w �s waitingto. in Cahfo . *here�it.-.bMt oc ••. • .• . ,
homesf hued reds of thousands ofp�ople and suer the s tern-thatsu ate�co Ys �. . . .. : . ' . •
na ns in Sou. Caliko •a.. .;• ._• . ' . .
It's '� � ae�to s�t, ai..i'V •SdtA/�.ef[l•weir a alI ho ,,.
_ . • • r • ••• •a WaterAex five director of the Associifion�of•Calirorm
Californias ailalo to the bayou world of coastal Louisiaa�a is the•Sacra�ne�tor-S�a
Delta, aqu�et'lan a of sen fief drooping�low�s�.ssi��l�`�owns'.aJo uui River �, .aq . . • .• .
twistwater"' :Shapedlike a trian a with onepoint near Sa� e�ato;anotherys . '. . . •
nPittsbW$,it enr�oln ses morethanX00 000• of rae and the third ear
plus five small cities and•14 U;U*nco orated tom.Its home-to nears half a-nwho�:• . .
• eo 1 e rou ual to th-ipulafioii of New Orli. .• ' . •• ' •. • .
y
Lice Nevi Orleans,much•of the Sacramento San Joa u-:g Delta is below-seal..
sib .And like New Orleam,the bowl on'the inland ed a of Son sea Bay'ls.%. . .•• .
ed by a network of terve levees buffeted by storirns and tide. •• js-:nobi'*
in so ethin critical to mu ••of the#Oe's'c�. the delta,but the there g ,
� e �n ' •lants one a ted b •the state and the�oth� •. . .
urbanpopulatiow-two•h g P P �P
the federalgov"Luia,�M . , •. • ...•. . • •. ..• '
A lesson -�
: . .. . . . . . .
• plants s • d Water-south in. uedLocated at the south end of�e delta,those urn ingen a�•
. to irl"Sate nearly4 million acres of'cro land in the Saan J�oa usn Vall and'to m�ee • • '
tw - of Califomi�es.pop�lafiom�U'at�r sto-endxesid�ent�al andindustrial needs o o ids . ,
• central SiemNmda footht`lls�• t.be•
behind state and federal darns.in tie northem and
it can be pumpedout four deliv to f arsrele��sed to how oto the delta y ..
Cities. • , •• . .• . .
,Anon the recipients of diet water is the Calle Muni l- AlWaterDi ct,.w
t10 includingOxnard�Can1��series 'darters of Ventura Count ula n� ..
. Valley,'Moorparl�Port Hueneme and half a doieh uni. Orpomt!edt4c
WRU.E
Tha�us�snd Oafs S�au► .
corrimt�nities. .. .
. . .. . . . . : . .
Fax sent by 9164452289 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11-83-85 83:13 Pg: 4/29
Calleguas General l�ia�nag�r Don K!mdaU. -is among those who've been wat�cb�ng
�.
Louisiana with a worded eye.
. �"It's been a sobering thing to see,"Kendall said.'"T1a�s exactly the kind of disaster at'd�
. see in California on the water de �.
The delta.way once�a vast expaa�e:of.maorshes and winding fiver�chaa�els,bu.se�tl�e�at�
.� began sbor�ty ager t�.e gold.nom.Ear!y firme�s built dikes,to held back the water
nearly half the state's t6W-
ceiunoffp�sses-tln`oughthe delta on its way.to the ses--Pua�p�d.
the reclai netslandsdry and plated crops in tie�ri�cli�,peaty soil:The
proliferated;ai d.now the delta contains 1.1 1Q0 miles:af levees aa�d 57 islands.
Peat oxidizes a nd bIdwravv�ay when exposed tow* :Leveesof peat'shrink;Peat soil
that is cultivated with heavy e�iipmes�t.comp'resses and sib.Boc�i�se the�sbaclded�
rivers can noionger rebuild-.tlie sin lang land with fieth'seduneat;�t�e.cta
'Hoar more than 20 fed below sea-level..-Iv�any of the levees are�poorl��engineerred�and
riddtod with rodent
bumws fit wes�ceu&am�
Leve£ailed last.yeas
Periodically flicy.fail..'Ibe fisks�id consequences of such a�failure were duamstically
xllust�ated iva►.June 2004;when s section of levee 10 miles west of Stockton collapsed, . . . . . .. .
flooding an-island known as the Jones Tract
The hush of water into 12,000 acres of previously dry land so pert&bed the hydroiogy�of
the delta that.salt water b�gah-flowing inland from,San Frxacisco Bay toward true intakes
of the.state and federal pumpi49-
to
jYIari�s.The state pumps shut down;the federal pleat � . . . '. .
reduced P=PM9 .a trickle.
Tile U.S.Bureau o�Reclainat�o�i.began dut�rping wat�et into the Sae�n�u�o River from
L.eke Shasta to help Oush back the saltwater. � . � . �•�. . � .... . .
It took a month to close the.breach a�,d sic�months#o ATain t�e�Jones Tract. .� ,�
Reconstruction of the dan�ge�l levee was not completed until.-Ja�m�ary,and the cause-of
the faflure is still not�mo*n,,-According to the Department of Water Resourm,the cost
Pf repairs and the vale of nrined property totaled more thati$L00 million: � . . .
Chance-of catasbrop�i�c Must
Jeffrey Mount,a gep�ogy p�ofess�nr at-the Univ ty ofCalifonfia at Davis,has ...
calculated that the�rre's a 2469-3.chance that wince stogy rivaoff or�an earthquake wail
cause catasdrophi�c-levee.fwlwe�in'the delta over the next 45 YPUSO.The failure of multiple
levees would
exteTisiv�e�flooding in the delta and likely force�a shutdown of the
state and.fede�al
PUMPS
for months or eve longer,he wanog. � . ... : .• . .
Fax sent bg 9164452209 SEN. TRANSPOR TAT ION' 11-e3-05 03:13 Pg: 5/29
NX
If re onal•island floodienim9ts-m► 'levee breacbgis'.:.ltls'nnl� :tl ' e gee,•• ••. ..
egiany.yeas, diaupuvu of w$testnte can be r stored for with .tY ' .•
loss of farm iMount and a-toll Robert'mss of UC Bare� �tlx&o*��. a'• '•� .
�av •In tho.CafifomiaBay=De1ta*AtA6#ty-
1Ptr ort.It as subnut�.ed bec o federal' ershi uav►esti a s to nn' ve the s steins ecoloc �• pop
,and '..: '' . • .
Tiviss e 'sof the�PuqpK-Wden�� er�oe,=•:relzabih as a��source..l ou 'anda� m� hers .
tem.ads the authont on'seisms aad ofi�w issues. •r_ • :.h•:.:.,.f"+,, :•. .• •.. • .,
-50-50'chance that five to 20 levees vrill breek h�nnT491: to Moulitr es es a . , r�6 _
an event with'a I win"100 c of oc ui an Ven. oat.Acid ft: 'es o�the :• •' .
a g levee s 'w}h worsen over gime Mowat has concluded becaus04W
e lh4jsil�Wil.' • .' �' ' . .
• 'r .:
continue to subsrde and climate changers caumng sea level to rise. • ' .'•,- '' .. . . : ' •'•
If levee fOwes and.•fl�oodm shut down thep:ubaps send rater•s� •• :��e }. . . .: .• -
would be able-to dra�r--etou w'ate r-:f�ot�store a under and o�m*ne 'r asf 16.• . .':'..•:
last ve or six xnonth�sKendall sand.T'he Meteopolitn'WaterDistric4 .
• • ' � � is �•
aboutb0nU.wo of�va�fer stored in.itSoiitCall is a member,has. .six worth .
Capt JP
riva�reservo�rs, sal. . . . .
wafer for 18Hhon
.
Metr6politanprovides some or a U of'the
sm.
r�coun#ies; • '. . .
about half the a encs rted supply c'mus fig'Northateg Y •. .
' delt&The gest co�rnes• Coni the Colorado'fiver.
. The o�uthe�na California economy is beth held'hcistage'to the deltas.ab •.•to'hold.��Y
'
iftelf '" said.exp, Kendall .. '
U*
' disasterIn Lo�ana should.foes attention on the need four a' eanetit solute :he The ....
sae and that means shun water.arou the delta,which will al'ways: • ' .'
vulnerable to 16PN"farmme • •. ' -'• -:'
Cities at
• r the' .• .
Althoughthe vulnei-abill of the deltapumps has statewide s3 . �i-can�ci#i . .
' Valley outside the delta a1so'•are vu�,nerabl a to to cal-fi oo ' aid'rel of an agogCentrad .
ve devices�■-inuld le dams and X 600'nailes�of•ls tem of rotecti . .�� . .. .
WaMIS ifiadequate.
ion Vlded by le�Vees std da�as' S e"obo fk� s theJud ped b •t1�►e letirel of rotes ro
' American ci accordin to the sactamento,h1 est flood risk of an major �ty,. g-Control Aken6y. • . ,' • • ' • . • • . :..
-
' big'cifies ' ' :dpi 'ed toMost on the ed es of avers have built levees and otlw . es g .
'event with a I-�n--50��chof•o! -otect theinfmm a 500 year.food,•an w� •3� . ,
.,,�
ems'= VOCE 11. S 't�tO '�lh�E.,veil eaor.�l�ew OxItawoto .
to
FolsomDarja�des and.btillt•half•a.Ge�ri to tame tfe erican too thanks
Fax sent by 9164452289 SEN. TRANSPORTAiIOM 11-83-85 83:14 Pg: 6/29
more recut and accurate'xainfaff dam,however;have forced engimeers.to re=evaluate the
. capacity of'the river to produce floods and the ability'of the dam to block theana.ley
_have concluded Folsom protec.ts-Sacraazneato fromonly a 77-year
."We've got about 400,000.people-living behind levfts,"said,Heather Fargo,mayor of
S ento and'a member of the flood.control agrncys Bo*tird of Directors.
Repairs made;more needed
The agency has spent more gran$3.00 lion over the past 10 yeas,repamng...
stre�ggthenin8 and raisinglevees,and needs to spend%xwice that mph agaENi,Fargo said.'
Other potentia-1�strategies-includerai�siag the height ofFolsam Dam-by 7 ted and
irking addrtional-outlets so waterca'n'be released faster to nake more room for.nmoffi.
"Another similarity between New Orleans and S a c'Mmento is that we*both have been
. � asking the federal S*ovemment for more flood protection money than Tuve have received;"'
Fargo said. I am hoping People In Wishington have iecehfed a wake-up tall,"
AdAding their voices to the lotal chorus,U5-. Seg.DiaF ,.a San FranCmco
Democrat,end Rep.Richard�'Qmbo;the�Centrad Val�Iey�tepikhtw who c3�ai�s�the
Hquse*R69ources
Committee,wait a fetter Tuesday to the�oo�ru�nde�of die U.S.Army
Corps of Engineers.In it,�t�e�ask L#. Geri. Carl A.Strock-for-a progress zeport on his
Uency's evaluation of delta levees,for which Congress last year authorized--but chid not
appropriate--$90 mil]ion toentry out repairs and upgrades.
lfwe.ddn't address this-problem,we may swear the same fate as Louisiana,"Ibe:
lawmakers carate.�"it's dust a maker of time."
ittD://w�v�w.ve,�atura�tinr . star.gLMtVCS/Countews/artic1el0:1375.VCS �22f 4070647��0
Fax sent by 9164452289 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11-83-85 03:14 Pg: 7/'29
Y
R IN �#►#IA S :. :.,,,. .. ... ...
WAT'ERSUS . , ,THE DELT ACROPLAY. TKE PERIPH �**
•.•
.•
LOS.ANGELES-TFMES
V'
-ER -
BOXA
. ST. -AFF
•BY-18t:I I� '
•
•
The
I%across the`�`adari�eat is well town.A big . .
. ard'tle•S #�e'S•�ltl •" ',Mbe
out dozes.of the p 9n `
fiwo-0146f tkee.Califor*�w ke source of watear:fhr u Y • ' •.
fruit and veeetable.orden slriit down foia►ox� Baa veu-a yiiiii�� •. .
Can
tate avert`such a S � . . `�.•• ,,: •• .• .
the s
1f
ne atery �i� tltmt-befa, NewOfleam has� i ted the sorry staff. • .
US6warzeneggef.a�►d+�`ali ar a.aa�tau froomo'v.�leve ,prom g ••. •. `. . .
ad for federal mion f6r levee' � ; • ` • • . . . . •, ... : :• -`` •. . .. .
vubae�rabxlities hAve so 'tcd some�"he delta sP ..•.. .••
• •,
/'� • r.w'r
` ~ * + ► + a V%01 would te watee Ilii iR •�� `
t be moreOracti;d ��believe e tral axil solitlaerftatf to a cultu3Cal and urban • +
r � • doubt it ecoli6 ,y ,
• be tecbni+caUPOWMe to armo ta, y.
feasible.'
' Elie fewBov a# rnti ho&#t�►eye erla3t week-asked , •• .
.deli and.
th6of the most critical levees'in•'on. �+eYi • . .
t+ bfinj*th�t delta la's �S13 . • • off icid�sa it`will t kejust `
4 • - fiolb�e��Itb ��e.d�i�a �.��1e���t would do little to otect it � ..bask stand �� �'
Rsetovtces calllt cv sa how.nt wy bilho M�} �t i3���a�ter' � • •' ,
..
do the seismicwork. • • • ' •• .
"To.nw-ke th b4a6caUv ewthq*
e`-- �rooyou woidd o� . , over
••Wd
, `oftheY�axder•ac d y or le vee`s t � � �brad �ae"av ��� .• . . ..
Stateysis of thEe.`delta s s6i who h-elpedpix-tao �e�r a 2000 .
ail.ell � �
- ,- I whole delta*t��da ea�'th �take�•deli we would ev�ac make the o �' q •its o to be y ,
.proof
• •• - f ' would stms the fra a levee.,._.. projecfion�.of�sm •sea levels�u�t • .. ..
Miat +cou led withg . .
' =.-:.-is of aca� ' +cry�e ox#food tmvm PO y��ss em evert witb�out a major q � ;Iliu% votm,
crater sIu eu�.axe Penph� - ,y
alterative to delta fru •
• "Water
frc�ru:the 8&r.gmeait6 Riverin 19922.the . mrdWd ha�re . • •. • .
die Cenftii V �tb�e• •' '-. •.
-wd S#tate` ue&cts ly-ing 'ar�rm+d the t�lta�to fiit��� aq a'��p .
th
Southland.
liV 1a�;at•.ne failure).wt�I�l t hapo6'm�cnass eteatyoucan fi so t hat , .
�e idea .
Fax sent by 9164452299 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11-83-85 83:15 Pg: 8/29
nonsense;"said.B.J.-i��ilier;aa-ehvvsrar�rnental eugineeii�g co�su�tant�v�ho rep�res�ts � : . . . ... � .
some'of�the Central:VaRey's'largest nigifi6n,district&,:--"Y6u tani dig 6i&'the pest soil f�e�
. levees ars riming.anr.`�'heie is�no.eoonouu�c wap to do thi �
.. ."everybody Jqiovis what the sQlu�ion is,*. he said. "Build icanal
around
The Peripheral CaIIai died law.ly.-becat�sse of feaxs that it*ould:become a giant straw
tbrou..h�which South+eni California-could suck more.of the fiorth's wate�r:'Tho�.gh.the
. � conc�pt:iemains.hig�y *Ovemew,MilYer is not the only one raisingi�.Former fiAcrior.
Secretary Bruce Babbitt me�ntioned-it x�ec=tly at iheafing an.��e Coed provam.he.:�.
�ielped set up;to iunprove water defiv,ery.fFom the!.delta.Abdeven some-eaviromne�aitalitsts
. . are broar-Hzig the idea of a-smatter pipe�xne around the delta that�would ferry some='but
not too much�=-waif south.
Overall;the delta levee syst�is in far.worse shape than'the levees that so dramaticAy.
failed in New.Orleans:They hamD
Wllapsed�for no apparent n in good weatber.
Dozens.could fall apart if a�najar:eart�q�a�ce or flood were.to-strike,not a�nl�i im�er�ii�g*
water supplies,but-also floodift thousaads of acres of far�and as well:as:highvvays
railroads fat cruse the delta.
And though the snore than 400,000 people*ho live in the delta reside mostly ou its edgae
rather fliAnits more flo6dimprofie.inte,�r,growth is eacroachuig,bringing moreo
people�
closer to the levee system.
The threat of an earttign�alce is by no meas the only co�esn..*Tfiese is a growM. .. . . � � . . .
. recogait�on thatt'iven rising sea levels,an i�iadequate levee-sy�sten�;inatural disasters and
the ongoing subsidence of delta islands...the delta is not going to stay the
"There is a very stro�,g Ixkeli�ood that the-delta as we)mow it today is not sustaiaable.
over the long tenni"Harder said. '^O�e're going-to have to take.a look at what-we need.
most and where."
.� .
Change has bexm a consent in the deltas' hice Gold Rush setti�rs started dkain�r.�g_srid . . .
. dredgivag the'vat tidal a�fsh created thousands'of years ago by the.canfluenoe of two of - � ��_� � • � : .� � �.�.
the state's biggest rigs,the-8WOrameirto�aac�the sat,Yoaquin,as they flowed into'San
Francisco Bay.-
Using shovels and wheelbarrows,laborers began buildmg what became a L 100-mile..
. . maze.of�axthen leve�4.that�k�eeps�the wat�tr
out of tie downs of islands that w+ere'plantpd
with crops after they Fose froom 62e-drained�mershlar�d.
The drainage and�a�ming have wed the-d,elta,.which is bigger-tha�a.Orange County,
into California's Holl4nd;��for a-constwA battle betweeii land and the more than
700 miles of waterara�,�s tkat wreathe
the'is~lands.
Cultivation has broken down the deep peat soils,.causing them to'blow away and oxidize,
Fax sent by 9164452289 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11-83-85 83:15 Pg: 9/29
tumft to:gas.11rough soil 10S� kraLWO'sink ever*k4er.-Some areas-are no�v.as:
. much as 2 0 to 30 feet below'sft*knel;.
The subsidence probably vjrffl.be accentua�tad by ate expected riga in sea level find to
global warming.Sckatists say the'ocean off California'could rise roughly a foot-ovet-the
next 5 0 years.gad perhaos as mich as 3 feet oveei the next 100-yem.
As.the hand saunk during the past zentury,the levees got liagber.But they wertn't built.up
.� according.to soplusticated engimeemg stand�rd�:Mecha6icd dr6d .sooaped
the muck from the adjoining slou.�s end tossed it on top.of theAd beiMs.tetita&tie
. � levees lie loose sand and sift that can liquefy in an eaatbquake.
Of the roughly 1,100 miles of delta levees,385 are maintained by fe&ord and stag
agencies and are in somewhat fetter shape than the rest;NiNch'.are"o*v em by
delta reclamation distridsJn general,howevqr,experts say the levee system is a disastier
in the nialcing.
Concem for lie levees was diiiipened 'with-the recent pire&ction by a pair of UC Davis-
scientists that there is a twowinwtbree chance.that a major earthquake or flood wM hit the
delta in the next SO years,-causing wide*spr+ead levee failure. .
�. "New Orleans lost the battle with tie inevitable,and we will ziuffLer the same fate is some*
forna here in California,"said ge6login leffrey Mount,one of di6 Davis rtseamchers. .
Multiple levee biealm:oou. dtiwSaii-Fmcisco Bay's salt W ater to"&then�nous�
federal and state pinups that siphon water tom ffie south'delta send it-to--tlie cities.of
Southam Califomia-and millions of acres ofSan-Joaglun Valley cropland.
. , If that happened,water.manage s would have to shut the pumps down.For bow long
would depend on' where and when the levee beaks occtmoed. `
Breaches in levees in-the western deN6 near the bay,would.let-moie sakwatec.in:-If
levees collapsed iti the sunuiaes,agencies would eitber:h$ve to release a lush of water
U om upstream reservoirs 1o:ftsh out the system or wait until the following spr��g;whey.
high al-flows would do-the'fluft7maAaro
Massive levee failure could easy shutdown delta water exports for montbs,abd,is a
worst case;for a year or two. "Thai's one of the scenarios theYre.1ookiiig W said David
MraZ,delta levees prop anager'AW-the state water dep"esit,
Over the lash threeieAce�des;the hasspent$210 million on delta lemee*s'-The:Array
Corps of Engineers has spit additional millions on repays.
Last year's reauthorization of Cawed included$90 million in federal funding for levee
repairs. but none'of that has be0si apPropariated,and.total*Caped levee spending
lagged behind Mat�nter,the program has.yet�o ad�opt��pionnised'fee-s�yst�i
...._.. ..>e•:ti•..`.t'.�F.in:.:'.Aja,. n�'.• .._ ..
Fax sent bg 9164452289 SEM. TRANSPORTATION 11--03-85 03:16 Pg: 18/29
ch delta- would. •for• ro ects theybCn6filt.��,SU ice• m. . . . .
been a lot Of`�Provemeints of levee s ;.•��er+e have ,
• �ftt*��••� 4th tined in a m wa to ice&+tie die seise• an. .. _
for 'C�l 1i • n said 4 Seek fis ' of civil- ern •• •. . • . : : . .
:for the lastYean, �''Mes6 are 160: , . '•.• .
been'evaluatin the deltA.Ievee s�� . .. . . .
lmow-,how to fax-it.'The- 15'ift WO
iicto.s6is caEl •reinforce all 800�+ of leym even if it cosl�s# Y . .
water Seed said selected levees-.c W to y, •�
• • • e coxi 'be dd�i-tO.*Spu here ares le relative anes .,fig �tnp '• _ •.
.. ' oc ' e.#��e big •n to. l ,halesa w'len d�csasters# ea:Theme 5`t •. p rep . : ,�•.... ..• ..
storeand on'Yslands.thepin& sarndb' o • • .
breaL
• - • •~ 'a� �s out of f to slo*the'sub
so ..
(fit sats xnclla • � w . .
..
` to�o�at a•s meter intrusion duan 1 **f6fl c a . .• . ' • •.
some Islands wid,fresh,uv�. . . a
• w d the ► •the.est•of • • • • • ' +: , .:
fa would•fo rice �to � ps� . .
erec��nng bane ': ••
. . . . . .: . . . .
*w� fioi anal �f • , • r
T'he state has , y, . , . . �'s?� . • • • _ '.
.. •ion •to avoid *Jo own• � � . ,
include.wa of deal *it a m or saltwa� �
• a i
in w.aW 0 0
e a�,us acre loo ware at ano�er d+� .
In e m t song of fi�ca y • • .
' acres are f��ned saixie of.�`a��f`or.�•a"s • . • ,
�za#ion.Thou most of the deltas x'38;000 •• " ,
Urban .. . . .
Yn ?delta�O'W�ands "� � � � •.
f test- wan -areas are usbi , • • -
•
at owth is die little t�owg of 1.att�ro on ., • . . • ,
� bore of th .�' �� ~ .. . • � ..
e and fr6im 12 000:ta'80 000•resides � . .
ei meter.It �.�#O : •: .. •
to a master-: wed u�c .1�
ers•would-move in � .
,�.bOut 3����of those'ne�cv��aa P . . .
MPMMM
Stewart Tinct. .
vc�- delta Ysland mown as • � ' . � . • .• .
town has roved far a no
• r
♦i mon.t'hat win _ • .
e�develo ears to a four.levee c�onstrti .
vials sa. 'th w�l x ung� p p y
�o��►of�i y �y' +�Q •• .
.. ,. at could`�:�t ��h�1 ��elsov�► � •
ai t is 200- ear flood..•, t c ritits.say th J p
d. ans y +
•, •�•������ III ��M�I�
gua
.v about the .n of .ta, .
I ate. e��ca . . , :. . •. • .; .... . .
coat who`bi begin 1 Cation-- �_._..' •: •' • . .
��t3�� a�avls��►InO � �� • • .
• .�. ,Lts�cle t�3�'estribt'dem• � � � ,.
• 'ta Pl'otecfidn,C4mmi si�Q�l InOTe. � -
to Ve&e swe;�e�
• - clear with what's,
off`M ,irs PW.t
�af a 1 •iss�oe �.ch b►elieve has become very .
. . . . ofbuildin m a .�We.c�ii
happened IzWslaw.That.is the.
•faQlhar s. ....
•• •d a oach#o xestri at .
need to-have a pr,
to da that and... �' ,
�t��e��t��e;lits to d�o•it." � .'• ,•• ,� . • .
gov ent won't do it,the�a� • . .
e&1u6the Central
is a�u�sand�s--afl�.o uses 93.Oat•a� + • � •.. ,
I��ore than th ey
f •'. • • .• •: • ! .lit:{e •• ..w•• ��'*few f t. " ',
X
.�r, • �r • • !
Fax sent bg 9164452289 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11-83-85 03:16 Pg: 11/'29
•
.ar are rotectedb -t nve�r�levee Is'• • '. '
have'flooded- :�r �' ..
• alb thou t'to be in bette�r'�aUo'M.jaeed of exte�mve r •�'alt�►oli it iS' � yr '.
d6m
'Chau the del&s aging ay • i •. � • �. • • '' • .• • • .�.'
• • �• as'v�►eI as o i of• e delta. Squemaram)Pourer to�e �v� +�#. ►, ,
.. � . �► ' � add bkv6Wolk•said. All of�tliae are hdit.hi.a ��sbaaY1C�111�1ltter fiY, ..., .' . .
in ecte�d Uzz be• flood:Yoe re�x�axreda c�a��xre.It soul b y • .
strop a iou ".make the leveesg • • .
• news/1 me-levees 19 • t 9 0.6971123%fiffl.=
h• ./I .laes.corolo •.!.
,
•
•
• , .. .•.• ,• . •+ + •'••��••!�•�•.'R[MM•i„ • .'1Y\a ••Ste, • .•.. •..•• i . •• • •� • •s
Fax sunt bq 9164452209 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11-83-85 03:17 Pg: 12/29
1E A.E.VEES AX. -
WHEN TH
CONTRA COSTA TIM* mo -91-261.05
BY--KILEYRUSS 'ST i
., • ,
M
'• dog art�d a powenui wind ho e.n* ve 1s nsin ram 2s +0� - '
•
• • . , ' ' '• • ;''•,`:•,wv,?,•fir*.,•• ,,, . • ;' ` .- •
• :� ,..., ;'t• rtef•"t•�"''�:: ' .. e• ••
• as an b�nu: uO m #dp��es across East C�onra o �'�.storm •. a . .
e i S a � •wetr•the Golden Grate anal u •tbtcthe . . •: .:.. .
like Dutch Blau • .. _.,,..•.:r i -. .
several:places, oodm •theThe ons 1 00- ear-old le�ree s emns erve av
sea-level islands and . . .. • - . .• •.. • . .
%cx3ng thex alon. the re s ev'aeua#sv t rouds(flee to er ound, . y � �. . .' •' . ,
' e ne•�
- debiis--
p
co► xaa�.���everrs out ;Mostl tr�c clo ed, • .• .
hon•• neWo��are dowti.' . , , i *i ,.. ...•n.`• _ .•. - . .• . . . . .
,_ ..
a tudo,or uii�edye�but a storm of that nl . � �pow
.• ..
it hash t happen . '
levees do. has been nvnblmg ' . • . • .
that
bfings the a !► .. '_. •. .
fbrdecades.��ege�cy plft. .. •.. . • • .. . .
i' •
• ev ones W� World oftear'unares were ushed�o ery •gThose rug � • • ..
Xatina,,Mdlfie�• con
.
a e more relevant.t�vhe • '• •. . ..
Hurricane •a e�cau•sed by : . ..
• • a. • • ' .. • -
Wafon boom•aan�d a •don. last*s recent '� fiy''' pop •~ •' • _
e tolevee failuat vitllizi the'1ftt 4 y ca#��stro �c D l . .
. . :�ve'we•dOiie fest� :?� � T flood Ote�n,not lust�ginff
eve have to k ovxd' a► pr ..
• • • •a +,••• • •.•.• • i• �• ' w * rsdd1• and big P �the put-2o ears e • p60 . ' .. .
7, : .. • .
• Recl��iiidrM�ou�i�t�����•s a Cane en neer vntnB�u�ara�u� , �
• tens Oald S,
the-rine des-oflievee-on H.OtAh_%JA
� � ted CAMSS
District 799 1� r i • . . • . •• • • . ..
3�tlon dlstl"��1tS also� ��e coun' s other reclaax�•a+�t and like �� .
and omhorsn levee*constmaion.. . ;• 'relation distrixEmergencySo��ces aid the most PoPulated ;•'
eco s Office of --;,ware.�l•e�t�6�e�r '•• . • . . ... .: • .
oto s S•and Discovery.Bay__are ones r e +�� �hel 3s�and .� b�a� ' . , . .
• to assist the done so a�krea�d .•y.se. or have y : . .
UP
datingtheir emergency plans - , . .
20.,000 who lure in the region. . ,. •• -
` tn �s has oondu�cted doter response v none of-the- .�'o date,hovve er, ' .
Also• . • e snorei ►anJPWUof•� coU� ': , +
wed �� on costa s drxll�s have fo �. 3� : .
Contra .
' conducted-1#9pastalethe ,er �c 1 � . • .
a encies res owi le for e�m � y pWane of ,g �
• how to•reap toa catastro he.• o .�reside�nts about P p �crareness cam• m s �g .
, _, •..., ] ;,r „•fir, •; '. - • •• •_ _ •.
Fax sent by 91644522e9 SEN. TRANSPORTATIOM 11-83-85 83:17 Pg: 1329
The Bethel Islafid Municipal Im�moveai�t
Dis�ict�is updat�xig�siid�e��ati ' its � . . �. ..
P Pte . . . .
and Discovery Bay's tonna co�ricil.�is get#i�g;imaxly to put�it4.first�m�gency plan
together:Distiriict 800 maintains the 1evee§.f*r Discovay Bay ind shames emergency
planning respons�7ii�ities with the fawn council.
"The plan is regt�ured for fudd�ng froYn(thelederal emergency P1*nnj_ng AgenCY)if
there's a disaster,"said BNEDbosrd member Sheila Goodson'. "We acre wording with►the .. . .�. �.
county Office of Emergency Service's in construction of this plaiai."
.� "Our plea rolls up ihw.the county plan$ad the�county pian zo�s.into the sate and the
.� state into'the fedaal pIan,"she said.
Thedistricts form the first line of defense.during a major disaster iri their areas;The plans
from di�tfitts 799 and 800 call for increased levee patrols as river levels,n*se,winds
increase,rain pours down or after an.earthquake spikes.
o.o.
The plans include contact numbers foi district and erne�gency respo�ise.o�iciais,lists-of. . � . . _� ������:
supplies a�d equipaies�t,flood fighting techniques and-e�'acuation rotates.� � � � � � � �� . . � � •. .
"The No. 1'thug w�do is keep the levee's from breaking,and No:2when water gets ifitq'�
`our district,we pump it back out.We're basically just°a bowl,' said Jeff.Conway,District
. � 800's manage.
,�S1V'e've gat 5,000 hoites here we're protecting."
All levels of government inUnited.States are required to abide by S�andardiZed�
Emergency Managesnent Systern.guidelihes when planu�n�g for-and responding to
disasters that require response,from.multiple agencies over several jurisdictions.
According to the guidelines, "Special districts are:prit�arily responsible in emergencies
for restoration of s,e* that they nonnaily provide.:.and forwarwng-of hazards from
their facilities or operafiions."
Perhaps the reclamatioFndistriCts'most importantrale is as an early.v�arning system.-
When the' weather worsens;wife rises or earth shakes,their plans calf foe rLuuning levee
patrols every hour for 24 hows straight
The districts coorduiate°samtibagging andminor levee repair ef�'orts until it becomes more....
than they can handle.
"We do everythinsg�we can to flood fizbt Once the levee is broken, a11�we coo is.dial.911
and call the Sherif�''s-depar�art:We-doWt-do.e�vacuatiion,"Distdct 799's Burns`said-
Bethel
Islam by oontrast,-Xs pianiu�ig to maul several volwateers.in emerg�nGy response:
Some of their duties would-be to-help move people.from specific Atighborhoods..to
marinas designated as eva�cuatio�
Poitts.
Fax sent by 916445ZZ89 SEM. THAMSFUH TA T 1 UM us:18 F9: lgz 41:1
•• Y
islands will be'•�oarrned in advance Wbich.e � �r�side���s,��►� tit ,�.�' •: . .
• 'S.
yoluntemvnu check names off a list' pea e S oar.• ' . '.•. ••
assn ed to and . •. P :�'x .:• •��
rescued.
•; a '. ••,•, ' ;�.��«r•� ���.w� �•• � • ,''
., •171 •.
•.and the"'�''t"�,e e'�"a�atit� by;Watery , - . .
. , v -w�o beats ojt'boats rovUM b• •the. ► ijM14 .• .
win lea fs6m
fpe ,� ;,.�•.��,�.{�`�''s.+• • ••
-dum
Goodson said
YV4
OPM
era S e vices'will•b in o •.' . ., , Y
Byt�atnoi u6
e oount �� • . •• .h t i..:t•...is- �' ' • `•`
• t off'Water Resources word head�o�it�to thi6Vd9-.t6--EM
so�m� d from the-state Dep .. ,. . •.
assess the a and begin'oar �sty ' ••., • ''.
r
At tins oint hone•c; ls. .
forth among local,Obuntyand State t�fo''a als.R.,nt� '••rr•'•,+�.' . .
s a• er &t-cbiefem er litin ear for th +Cuuuu r� o e said Chr�. ., ��P P • • .
ez ency Services. .' ..;.
i • � ' it � �����.���, .ediBa er.said. Theres a n� �' eat the eed ofth sh, Y��'e re~�po .sip •' but :• . X
' ' raz tins to-se id- te.'•could'do.we could be ' �avi�a'� �� . . ' .•. -
•. . •}
• •• • ovate the iearchani i%. cwevacuation order send out . .
�� ination of res �n�e •..ezxf's roleis�ct1 I�ted to�rpo • .
'tile whole thingtogethcr,"*howsIn 949 da
. publish6d M 1.99 .acid' sxes the coin s lan„��'VAC1;�. � �� PAsch ,.. . •: •. .
est`the R6d�� t x• to► uass-s+et . .. .u ed cis far so�nebo+d at CIESbean • ,
1gyms and other�ublic '1 aces•shelters at sc�ioaP.. . . .. � _ .. ' •
worsens des ite the bit e5a�1� • .• . ,
. if the'fl6oding P •• '.
coup the a rtment of Wa�� gets .. • �•. . .• .
c can ask DWR to and ..
�e Office of EmeiR=Y.Serve +.� Pr' . • .
• Califtnia �rvatian C� s ar the� al.�for�a��•'FDual labor from tb►o Cons �c;angeln • .
• d Sam Fong, .f3�s emergency prep fir*Janet of Torest�y`, .• .. .,
• ily able fesou m �`'ire dont-have reada�rail i irs.a n�a or isood� t and .
Corpsof�?n e�e� tt�' stan Arany . . . • . ' .
• quihours from-the local to the state to.the.U.&
ese can'morec�y�
,Amy Corps a gi � sax • •. i ' - � • � • •_, .'. • ••
'��e�%s�rielks.and tli�'.+�urity�•that o�cess move Uy as possible,To xrta��e pec • - • '
t�ie�.. •
•
' ear and need to race jj�pjem �plans,need to e those 'laas•With each p • .
Wbile cess of `���� ter �l�are eitliear done•,or in.fie.# p •
• distrimve nevem�.aonducted disaster exreclamation
OF
` •
Fax sent by 916445ZZ09 SEN. TRANSPORTATION U3:1U 15/Z9
ar n� ��at6s a Dior master response bot has*never done gone for a���e��ty � � � _ . •
cata�sfirc� hi o leveie e,Boyer •. . .
But the tz e+d of dee. . er� fi-esh . ' •
-more�eS"�� •such acow�ly ace be�� �u�� , .
"Theres heightene4 awareness-Agh need eidvantage of thit-as
w •oSe�trict includes
t n9w, we to tak6
leaders said Contra Costa Comma Su revisor Mary Pic �i
• mow what to do at home should sameU happer4and xsoov B a . 'Fero► �e�v�to � .• ..
• we do is extremely l ."# : :•: M , .
. . %Lthinlk that as much� -on jrgp y � .••. :. :.•.
• bftD: •' esJ ne+arss�l•2'� 2:htn►l�v�.contrt�� es.��CV .. . .
s i s •
Fax sunt by 9164452289 SEN• TRANSPORTATION 11-83-85 03:19 Ps: lb/ZOJ
* oC -R *LES 'Ns.
01W
OM-M %so F..• •, •,,,.., '' ' i
• • ' * ,. '* *� a ..'K�r"•il•C..:..,;,��.1 � ,M•;t �• y .»•a
•• R `•+11ii
'o
GUEST ENTA Y5
HURRICAN-ESu, TER COULD HA M, H H
� � ���. ,, +LO*OK TO ED LT. J�• . . : • •, : off
.• • :• o.•SAjN .
LEvEIE' DMA_S
FRANCISCO-CHROWICLE, W05 o
-9/2 *
o
UT OR JANE WOLF9 A BY .. ELS' MER- .
• r** •�•• ••• +Ott'•'• r•
S"STAN T PROFESS09" '1.OP •PUBLISHERS9 2003)J4�NDA!� �A►� *
LANDSCAPE ASND U0
RBAN . • � •� . .
, ` ' i • ' ''r•�••. ..�,�`'+"iii`• * ••• .• � '+ �• * * .
IN ST. L Vimp,vqw�
w sea level: I#.subsided because.
ofI&ees•NIEW p S wasp t alwa bels .. * • • .• .
ed the N69sissippiRivees ni ra l •oases Th.wed coins uece`of lannd�-�k-&d sworks.overi.fat bowl-soh ed�c �s��ur�e� �caused in � � �, .�./..t'. •.. • . .
Dfle�ns
could en�r—o—ur 6,�dao e lre
30 ears:WhAt ha •eiied xn.Nem
and teal•costs'�a • • • .•r.M.. i , .,' ".... .* • . .. .•: .
M*
• ` • we' e Califoa.'s The d M the S�a�ntnto-Seta Jo ' d�� ' '
.• •4
• ch as 2{ feed below s level,If the le pr into San Francisco$ay,lig as ..
uiu ue+ colo •cal`s inn• . '
on f w e will lose-va.hiablc-f— a q . 'the re aa�, .
' ffie- '• w -sou I t i ece of swe,s atter y��. .'•: ' *• . .
1 11 • i
•r
es Dn the West Coast.:�n l850, .the delta is fe 1 est ti .
' a �h.` tl :�� .the•or •*�atehe
a ' ecl the land 1 ���
u �i��fr�w �Vi V �ow len�eesto itbpoftlie avers that ran tbaro . . . .
• .. So^l was.
• a ed and cultivate. •�arshgrbuhd.Ile p tie dr �n Y � •� •
• • w • w aw as it c�ed but* Th�•t air and-it blear '**
oxid�ed when t�llin ex ed i# o � • * ..
bside-at-le rate-of several .a_ ear..R An thele v�e��� •• + ` ..
sk]. .
vlevels hipher-byMmitin the flbodplIt made hi n er � ..r • ' .'
. . . . ... . ..
• e of the.C�el�s lnstead bf oth6'Sediment was dd ' iced th * . * .; . . ; ' .*•
• v tied even die semn• :- • •.• •. •• ' . :• ••.
vlevels were ele *soon e r .
became a co�looc�u�g ' .. .
* --the land-keeps* anti a .f�The tuation.•do6s,not have an end game & . ' . .. . .
•• flooding901D9u too �use ...
-the landsc iis*. tial costs of are• p, . � •nsn .�'"he ote •.. . ..
on�lies at the heart of umfomi Y: .
a wider"range of uses.The re0 ••. ' .
• Val slnceo'did I9���'• r �o Siuce.as rovlded im action water to'#he Sans J � � . ' ..
cities' Sin . .
• fthe: • ..
. v��at�:�•for arid�r�g 197os it hw be±en:a prunary'source'ot. . *. • •*. •. •. +. ' • ` . -.
Calizorm.a. •. . * . . • .
e•ecolo casts�of #e:�c
xt have rased conscioi�ess about . • • .
of ents are :iced
ire and now the state andfederal g �ox�no�us enviro�aeu#id v
en
' � i-�rT atef�`�! Pde�;t?lt�►a ve launt�s� .�otect its e;�ndao ee�red n fistop g • . .
*
Fax sent by 916445ZZd9 SEN. rxanSruxrpriun 11-eS-05 nj:iy
pres&rntion depend.on the ddtaM Ie*vem just'as much as does.Widespread
.
flooding would allow salt from,Sah Francisco Bay toupmigratestre.�a�.Thee water supply
would be contamdnated,;and-the ecology:of tb�e delta would be izre�iiocablx changed..
Urbaniiation in the�Bay Area and tb�e�Cent�al.Valley as creating.anothet group of peoplo
. who rely on the levees:the-residents of the.expanding housing developments at the delta's.
. � edges.The Delta Protection Act of 199.2 divided the' region into two parts,the Primary.
Zone,where major.development is not.pe�nitted,and.the S ecc�ndary.Zone.,where if-is
Tile ema#ic.
.� .'The sec4nd .7azone.�ras drawnt6 include sub-'-'al projects thafhad.already been
proposed,eves on landlhit is subject io floodIng Oneproj6ct;oia StewStewartTract will
build I 1;O00�houses on lar�d-that was 10 feet under water in 1997.Beyond that,the hiy
..engxn+eered levees that siumund the-new neighborhoods increase thch.chances that olds,
weaker-levees on nearby land will fail. � .. . .. � . .... . . . . .�: . � .
Losing the delta would be'a disaster-for California and,by exteasion,.for the whole
countiy:*The state has the sixth-largest economy in the world,and it is lime to more flm � �� . • ��
10 percent bf the hatio population.The landscape needs to be reconsidered as
essential piece of�in�rastructur�,like the bsystem or the electrical grid,and t
he
public needs to take respansilility for its future.
The.state and.federal govem.ments should take action in three directions.These
To bolster the�levee:system.This means b-ansferrin9*the d i burden of levee
maintenance fr6zAlbcal-farm t o' taxpayers.The system serves statewide and natio
interests,and-it requires support at those levels.
To regulate development in places-subject to floo Allowing urbanization in the
Secoiidary Zone is madness: The�housi�g stretching into the delta is*-p more and
more people in harni's�way.�Low-lying land' hould rem�'n in agi�ccli�tLu�e,or it s�oul��be.
treated as floodpiain and-wildlife habital.-
To
balance the range ofuses th. at the delta has come to serve.Protecting the water supply
. is essential,but the region's farmers and eaavironmal advocates have equally legitimate.
claims to the landscape:TaIdng public responsibility for the delta does not mean� , .�, �� •. � �.
trampling-private concerns.-Since the early 20th.century,the YoloBypass has-combined
private land ownership and shirt pubic regulation.It is a productive landscape in many
ways:
As farmland,*as a flooO-storage system and-'as wildlife habitat-. M the 1930s,
Tennessee Valley Atithofity rehabilitated a xegioa had been meanly lost to poor-land'.
use practides;.it�uv�orked by providing public ija:�tmc�and promoting better pra46
ctices
among farmers and-foresters.
Fax sent by 9164452289 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11-us-ft dj:z" Yg: iii/Lqj
• „•�� •'4� ,.,••241. • •'..;•.'.
" • ` ,, "� i IIS. •,ail•i .,•. ..• •
a o J , •a levee br6ke o ► JonesWe need to n _ «�!•+' �•�♦ ..�.. . .
�yr .•,�. .;.
• • • � a�►d#1 oaded'tou:� .of',•: •••..'. .•� •• ,• • • , .
Waw rtwe u�r from the Mddle Ri the•S�sc�C:tox�city limit. !•:• • •
ofland uz a rn��r of hours.No ohe Imows• y ?. . • ♦ .. . . . .
acres .•.rr••2{.`. !
r for.. M. W..
r, •.,i• r, ••• y' ! •fir, ,
w**have drone cat to � ` • -is the roduot.ofwhat • t • :2 ' •.:'TO sq tat todz s ,. '
is a reason to work tOWUL PI b tied ons;.
�' �►am gteift-Pubhih� �• :•analxs the author of �e�' (Wx .�• / '•'.
• %-.
• � de"signWashintcin�ss�s�t rofe+�sar flance and urban at
r lit„_t,,s�;r� ",•
e.
htti):
5 1! S-ERGHS-1
binIardCale.g ."""1L.PECC `� v+••:• .;•:•....:;.•, ,
• •
• ... .•1•.• •ti w✓'*•mow• �w. .....�.«.ww. .N�w•w ♦.�• �....«s.�•�.�....�+n+•w.�•r.o..•s•wt, rr •w s•..s.,�.��w,.wr.�.•.. ♦«..•.rw�,.►..r.��•••�•✓•w.«.v.•�.ri�r.r. •��,.L ..�. ,•+• • .'�• �
•
• ♦. , :s• +•a ' •s�,•'. •• •• •`if•!f• .`cis• • dt`''�t�, . •,♦ •♦ 9" • . ! •�`• ' '.• ', , ' `• � •'
Fax sent by 9164452289 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11-83-85 83:28 Pg: 19/29
.CONTRA C
QSTAPI:AtVS FOR LEVEE CA'fASTR�OP�iE; C'OUNTY,
CONSIDERS WAYS TO DEALWITH FLOOIDM ' ..
OAKLAND TRIBUNE'-9128-105
BY REBECCA JOHNSON9 STAFF* -WR1TER '*
MARTINEZ—III Jae 2004.,a rupture in the Delta flooded 12,153 acres of San Joaquin
County land is'a primarily agricultural at a known as the Jones Tract.
The 400-foot breach destroyed$10 million in crops,displaced X00 agricultural worke��[s
and,leaked diesel,hazardous nlateria�s and'Pesticides the wat�erw�y�where two.4Wrds
of Ca*lifomians.-get.their&inidng water.The final cleanup cost was newly$100 11ion:�
. But experts predict a major earthquake iri the East Bay could damage the Delta at a*mucb
greater scale;Contra costa County Supavisor John Gioia said.
"We could*suffer multiple,catastrophic failures-of the levees that.we�would be is no
position.to he seud.�
The-130'ard of Supervisors discussed.levee preparedness Tuesday after hearing a report -
from its Office of)Emergency Services,which offered 13.recommendations for tuture
action aider studying the Jones Tract and the subsequeTit October breach on tie connt�s
Winter Island�
Since the levee breaches,the aide made-a-number of mvrovernentssuch.as having the-.- .
sheriffs air squadron:fly over the levees and videotape them orgy a quarterly basis�far
..
Analysis..
But more help is needed to deal with the cdmplex issues iAv61v4 said sheriff's Capt.
Dale VcAraday,head of emergency services.
And the time to deal with the potential problems, some supeivisors,said;is ripe.
. ••I think the awareness is.heighteaed,"said Supernisai Mary N.�Pier&o..'whose district
includes Discovery Bay,Bryon and ot�es pc�te�ally affected areas.i�ear the Delta. "fie
should take adva�at�ge.of'that:'We:nee�,ta learn more and address the co caw that we
. have so that wee can be pr6aefive."
Tvhe-county office's reco�r�nmea�dafions include consulting with Caltrans on the foisibility.
of elevating Highway 4 on to a causeway&0—m Discovery-Bay.to Stockton.
According,to the repoi#,Highway 4 could'be conaprorrused Ourihg a flood,.potentially
trapping resideof East Coiuity��comxx��ities from acc
essing theii evacuatibn rove,
Fax sent bq 9164452289 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11--83--85 03:20 PSI: 28129
'rod•s• 1f we were to*.here�gv�a er a�ad •, �,. and
MuL we. �'ut'ex enced in New Orlek35 throe • .•. ... M ..•r '� ;'•r r ,
• ��i�����'+�+• • • ,r \ . .•.•• s may;,.• •4,
+'••• ` . ` ,
' SuPe � 'ederai � ercrhose move eo le zn and o sed . . , .. .
• � 'j� • A •+�,'�'''•••�}vii,»•'••,� •� ..
wa •�4 vrould A�ot to .••.• x~ • '•• •. , r
of East Cam. y •. `.�.,� y.•-�,.., • .
the� s-low i6c�The r�"'�'�' dao�ns�also include c�oc�rdsna with � r,:�•.. .
for flood evacuation Mutes ursuedistii to �r dplace . ...�.
ties for an audible s� deuce' tyW. -
oppor, , •.
jI •,••�'• ! j i li !'•,' ` t 1••t•♦war.:•♦, I
SUP
r the*dibU1(W_T to
6 0
on41� is#]b Saeed •wo �c•v�r�th the AaW l�Ptbe r ort ads . • ♦- •• • . .
df n and•c�o��t��an M •'9V to s rt funding a e� . . . •. .
1��}��o • «,, •ind., . ooxid�d o* •'e�crxew leve donditious � -�d A—ent onan b�.tor '
activities because the cou11L. s power in prevention•isIiinfted. .`�••• , -. • • � _
.:
i'
.\• • ��
e for lcv*ee.*Co�� t��e�ourl �s not res ���b � , .. . . . . . .
Sweeten said. But when there'9 an=e�rgency,�A tr�atarJo
•
is
• • • • ��''\ •i• '\• '•• • • ♦•
. .� the Court ii'thefired and v�ben evac;u o are •.�..
•res b}e for.that ieaction." .♦ • •- ,:... :••- ,•:''• ','. ..,
. - - �e under thebf r t ury flie.tateIe�ta's tousaud o�f�cnles of l •t P . .Eeca��se�� I. ...
—_1 an. otherother a �oies•• - +�
Water.Resources�Aran Co s of gxn g iL� a��inent of
• d ��San
• est extend oial�ie cow and even neis rs said coordinatzou mtY
•Joaqui-n-, fir. '\• • •'
• "This is
• is
' •��•Ali •• fibderil
issue that reap of stutewid�•impcani y: •• ,. : .' ... ... . ' '
' of.fail��oftese" "-Tlie ne ve cons• lieuinn rt�ance �'oia sa��d. � g � ... � •.: . � � ., •.
costa` o �ad so �jib • , .
er too 'vers than.to us mn Contra �tr��aer�dou��ly.�� . . . . .
work to et ev�eryope:m
' brijaget of�17�Ine13datit�nS�t"1�`'� �t�asked that the o�ce bra&its s��Stl ervlSQrs
• ' ' o�x�e ofpotential le 'slation tod be 1nvol* ed 1n the coaaitio 'l,do ., . . . .• •'; .
• • • d cyst�sftates fors'6 in`levws.a'ndefinWojisuggestions.
of�e country's ror' •.
` ..
• to --a—D-vee e set of recd=neactanona.M.
the oo�n r �sou xsors are ex ��The ��� P .. .
• earl �Iovexnb e'r. # . • -
• 3068 v� .iosideba �a•c�o�ar�laklandtribun�Aocalnews/ci hit .�� � ..
' •• � ., ' '••.v,r,•`�•••- •- ' •: *�•i'•�I'�••••;u'i�•�'•:4.�•t•�♦•••\• �/'�•�+'w�•„��, •!•\+��••'••1."•♦•11••�•I4'•.�' ••• ♦••�•!•.♦•.♦ x„ •.• ,•w.• •i s••i
Fax sent by 916445ZZ89 SEM. TRAMSPORTATIOM 11-83-85 83:21 Pg: Z1/29
.
EDIT4RIAt_:':�EFQRE' -M44E�(7'�PL-E30D
STO C* *K.* T'ON ECORDM� 5
"Were going to have to go inand spend the money and protect ourselves: Or people are
going to dig."
If Ron Baldwins words di6t drab
your attention eariicr tbis yw;they should now:
.
BaldvAn is in.charge of San-yoa4mri County's Office of- gency Seivices.His duties
include reviewing flood scenarios anddeveloping plays to react to flooding.
In June 2004,.after-a levee.bTeak an Jones Tract 10 mikes west of Stockton,Baldwin-
uttered those omiaous words in:an iirterview that was part-of I'M oodthureat;"-a;three-pari
Record series ooiiiciding with the.*o n*owydar anniversary of th6 Jones Tra6t levee break.
. Baldwin also said: "It r ay take,.a major levee failure before someNng�is done,just
. . because there is so much-at stake in writing more restridive.regviremen�s." . . .. � : . ..
Enter.Hurric=e Ka-trin'a. .
Tmages of broken levers and rang.floodwaters have repainted the it:_c;o*d-h-appenre-de -
picture.
. If Katrina hadn't devastated New-Orleans--demonstrating.-ag the.catasttophic effects . .
of levee breaks--would politicians b�i looking so seriously at the patchwork system of . �. . ��.�
levees in the'.Saai 7oaquin Delta and elsewhere? �.. . :�0
.
912910
. � . Neglect of the-De1ta's levee system has beenCOUPled-mith Massive,almost unfettered
population grQwth in flo6d-prond areas.A.Record investigation shq*ed 310,000 new
. homes�in flood-proire areas-*h��e�be�en b��t or approved since-tie last major fioods;in
1997.
Gov..Arnold SchWarzea�e�get said in an inta-view.urtth The Record last week that he
would consider supporting avoter-appioved bond to help repair the levee system.
However,his decision Tuesday to fire all�six clurent members of the state Re'cla-mauon
Board hardly was encouraging.The flood,-control agency oversees x,600 ftffles of levecs-
and was just begmjag to more agg�rressivoly review plans for building.in flood-pro6e
areas.
his pledge of support f-bra bond seems more like convenient tuning and a bit of
desperation,%~going against his steadfast oppositi on to such borrowing. �. .
The$I-bil�ioa for leverlikely v�ouM be part of`a fond topping�$1�Q.billion,
including money for roads and..0A,a* .
Fax sent by : 9164452209 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11-us-ft bJ:Z 1
r
• • •. ', .'.•.•fix,•�'.�••..••••' •:• ,
Pal4a s • . •..,. .fi'' r'�'eeaaa� ► , �, mo Se President �'
.Y. •; .
di get much Supp
1 '
dn-i
• or .and R .
RichardDianneFdnsteII4 aLt, ....,. 't
the T e a's lure �Tie Vices' t:.• 9 RV�4;�4
.•u the#federal ov ent too fix .• .'
zero. - • • .• ,• ..:, •Rt��•,:•,,• • ,
'lee.
•.
yean acid i�au�sod ci als'area to t o . .•State and lo�c��10lost ....♦;�,��.♦
~ .•.
' ��td 1f there's - s. •. •:,;;��; ,
u ides a�s�o on�t �' ..: �.•. ,
s .
• take water agency,
'local water boardLs.ne,Le slatuare,s ..
• s for #a f�urme�rs nrnzxs, et t th r. end v�a�t p . : .g. •dve10 ears and g . :..�..:. I
ans.
s 0u�d not have taken a ez iiA e ,must do so wim ex edien y It Iii
CIO cc them of • • ,.:�: •., , .• , .
1305&S-
httD: .comma s� Cs•( 1/A tL14-6 Al.recc�Ord�et •
earc� • -
• , • • a,• ••♦ •10 ,•
1�
• •
• •
r •
Fax sent by 9164952289 SEM. iRRMSPOR7AiI0I1 11-83-85 03:22 pg: 23129
GUEST EDITORIAL.'.A*TALE Of TWO AT. u&R-1'SK DELTAS
STOCKTON RECOkD' . 012105.
BY jE' F*FERY MOUNT' . DIRECTOR OF THE UC DAMS CE NTER FOR
WA't-E* R* SHEb--S-C1EWC*E'S-
AS
the devastation and human suffering has unfolded in the Mississippi Delta--most
notably in New Orleans—it's tempting W view this as a hagic but remote natival disaster,
far away-from heie, and imrelafed.to local experience.
After all,their Delta is very di. emClhan oiu Delia ..
Think again.
Whey it comes to vulnerability to floodiqg the sunilatiries between the Mississippi Delta
and our Sacrmaento-San.Joaquin Delia are more numerous ftiin-the differences.
-Their Delta lies at the bottom of a large,flood-prone river system:Ours lies at the:
juncture of two flood-prone rivers. .
-Their Delta.has been reclaimed by 1,000 miles of leyees'dra do an hhperfect job of
keep' ng-the waUers out Difto--Ova.
=Their Delta is subsiding,with extensive auras below sea Level.Ditto outs.
Their Delta has lost vast tracts of marshland that historically reduced the impact of
wind-blown waves and surges. Ditto ours.
-Their Delta is significantly threatened by a rise is sea level:-Ditto ours.
-Their Delta is dueateaed by cbaages in runoff pattens upstream,:possilily associaud
climate change.Deno ours.
-
Their Delta.is dependfti;in part,on multipurpose dams that aren't always able to
_
Ke
.gulate inflow. Ditto ovis_•,-
-Their Delta has major earthquake faults nearby. Ditto'ours,_". .. .
The similarities are striking,with one important exception.
Their Delta has a major city in tree rniddie of it,on subsided land tinged by large I"-
that,UP
e.until reeently,-were assumed to be the best in ihe'Tegiom:
Our Delta isn't there.Yet,Proposals have emerged for tens.of thou av%As of new homes to .
be built in the Delta in the`nm fimce,many on subsided islands'surrounded by lances.
All of these develo pments will have less.flood protection.than New Orlea'ns purportedly
had I-in-250 year pro�wtibr4'prior to.Katrina. It's reasonable,-m light of events
ini Neer
Orleans,to ask if we really want our Delta to look exactly likb.their Delta,#
htty;//www.recordnet.comfaayslubes:d�varticle?AID=/20051002/OPEA011510021 30'7&,S
OKC-11lI -=73222254823890
Fax sent. bg 9164452289 SEM, TRANSPORTATION 11-83-85 83:22 Pg: 24/29 .
r.. f•:, • 1
• • ! 'R O� 'a .TAS ' ' • '•• •• • • • ' .
Mi Es 0121`05
' thouskads:oficr6s of:'�i� T. or
W:X.
Koo
Too
C ONTRA T1
CoSTA
i Kt�.
e ve beep►w ��tens oaf��}�.DE+C�!►II�►ES tier iia► g : ..,. . :,. • " •
• _ and dec*a ���� iof tloodin durfii .a storm if old . .yin . � ��1 e�►re�land were at r1�� g $ y
disaster were devised and to deal w'thpot •.•P'lan5 . • •..•.. . . •.
fodd,&L state and local revemws.. • • + • • • .T,,,VVV.''r.;-:.!..:;.•,•',. ' • •' , : •+'
• r to the tined aarea,were Weak or nonexiStrategies to •;. • .•... ,.
tua� '1� lte •].l]�vl� �.. .. ..
deal with the� 'its �'e' '' '"C'�S ;SP•C�►f1I' �'1�y tC� '�` ' !� .• r. !. ,.
.•. , ,• .
' 1 e��.'of Riado.
• iC�a �'I�irMie� r .
not
describmg
New*Orle .1t s oi�r own Delta,an y
' of bemginundated b �' a� cfwhich is below sealevel sand'in dainge�r�rnuch o .. .•. . . ..
•. '•i ,r
• rend' '
is as Nem Irl• it'does'I*v' .he area not nea w �� � -..
+! � the D4ota-is,�dficg---to-• t�`/�r'Mond able and.�o�irnpo bra ;
lies for millions'Of Cilif*miprat sn .
• ' •• ' a�t' tterflood v :w ��ale were to se Y �If a ina oar stox�n or e�a�rthqu •. . . .
'• not onl fot area residents Wh6 '
freshwar��c supple y into the�3elta,posm"bly $ '. ' •
' Central.'t�all�e uch ofthe'��'ate�r I3�str� beat for� �'•d d on the aCo*ntra Cast. • . . . . .. .•
South�Call'oforiia as • . • .
` • M
• •'' hn levet•has be*i oreseven•the• tenital di oaf g For toolong ► •' , .
•
•which tookplace zn-the n anwi noods ofdtT ,toneso�ears flo g �� ..
quake. � � � •� ' .�•' •. •.' • - � .
ub .Mapya r�of .. ..
e.ar#hen levee �as been r ears the.land rotected by . .. • .
• A M• a levoee b�co .•d'r�efeetbelow'sealure ►gl tilts acre now10 1 or even 2f l
ake u the•Del �-system.,on of'the 5Q lslandrs that i�n • •
f floodibgon e
v square
ncules o • r .
several sq .. . .. � .' •
• •r
' Hurricane. ' 'a s r n�'�af.w��a zn New Orleans is harp.caused
by . :•
The devastation
last • pri�dicto what is l�J��l tti�►cc�r.:A stiudy . .,X��h en bre car Snore accurately y'could appp .
is ofcatastrophicDelta l.+evee' e thact between nowand 20 0 tlhtie a 2-in-3 chance a .•" '
• hicl� � uO•a �caao�
is�erted on levees,w .• y As the Belts laid siniks, eater pressure . • '
• f��erstorms ar�ded and eroded by • • ... ...
. r
andpl-Ans.are hem dgvised at tores ndto a levee break, . .
• There are local lays on Mw ..
rr • • '
olid be a floe&-
least • t'�ent3 Sho in Discovery Bay on•evadMoUng�I • . .
• isthe wild to.
• AW �e
el rrussxn at least u until now,'��"hat has be#�sax y � p « .
'• put of#� '
'Torlwhose district includes,
al son D-Antioch,vee s stem, St��te SenT"o�n ,le y .
on
'he-
board.
that ire need to,gel �e Tomes editorial board.onTuesday Deft told f� • .
Fax sent by 9164452289 SEN. TRANSPORTATION 11-83-85 83:23 Pg: 25/29
levee system.Thd mai mean t�-re�aui�g some levees may ii6t be cost effective,
but � :. . . .. .
clearly$e Delta noels faz b6eiOrotec4Won than it now hes.
. . . In an all-too-infrequent dbipartisanship;y of California's two Democratic U.S.
senators and.a group-of Northern California House members have come together around
ma ..:
a plan' to seek S92.6 million for Levee and flood protecOon'work around Sacr�neanto ; .
the Delta.*
Sens..-Dianne Feinstein and B =*Boxer joined Reps.Doris matsw,.D-Saaamexito;Mike Thompson,T�Napa,DaaLungren,R-Gold River,and Wally Hrger,
R-Chico,are
. supporting the plan.We trust that Reps. George Miller,DmMartinez;Ellen Tauscher,.D. . .. . � �.
Alamo,and Richard-Poinbo,RJracy,will join theaq,as should-the rest of the 53-membcr
California oongresstional delegation.
�proposal calls for a programa to Porovide ttie.S#%craimeato area With.100-yeai ficiod-
The . .. . .
protection and.prepare for.construction work on the deltalev* ee systems in seal year. .. �. .. .' ,.. �... .
2006.
ForbMately there isgeneral agree�ment.on priorities,although tb�re is still some
disagreement.gn increasing the height of Folsom Dam.This should'not be*allowed to'stall.� . . ... �.. :. .: .. .
. � progress an fortifying Delta levees.
In theirIettex,.the six lawmakers-.said that given experience°ofNew Orleans after'
Hurricane Katdm they breve a levee breach.from a majaur.storsi,ek�ake or.
dde6oration is-a hiprobability.
In addition to-the Folsom* Dian work,the projects endorsed by the six Congress membexs
for immediate funding are:
• $16 milliori:for�American River levee strengtheziing.
•S 10 million lioodprotec#on on South Sacramento streaurns. . .
$20 million for'Sacramento Rt�a�k protectprotection.iver
$12 million for studies and evaluations of Delta levees.
• $3.3 million for mid valla levee reconstruction.
. � Thus isjust a beginning:More ftmdsare going to be needod to fu
lly upgrgde the Delta.-
levee system.But if Katrina taught vs�ot�ing else it's that prevention is vciell worth.the
and is far cheaper-tl�an:dealing with a catastropic flood.cost
7%e hopeis that Congressumdersta�cts and millbe forthcoming with the money�eeded�to
protect a region that ig vital to Caiiforhia!s water supply and important agnc'.ultural and � . .. .�. .
recreational region.
Fax sent bg 91.64492289 SEN. TRANSPORTATION It-03-05 83:23 Pg: 26/'29
htt s:I1 � s�brat ia :c�ai� S ..c` ► dob�Llz�LAvL ► . �.. • • • •••
• •. 2798"'
./1.V,•, .
oie/(,2FmJd%2Fcdi-ma0Y-62Fnew 2FC*hm-mftste/o2F b
.l
*.See.
• .♦�+..tam«y�.. :• . •
• • s• •' f • • •A f f • .
•
r
,� r,� •r•�I.���•..w«.•r••r••r.n..•♦.♦•V•r•.r�•� •w.�A.{r••�•••r•rrrll•/a wr�r.. w�....�r rr.w....• .•.••r N••• •,�.�N•'rr�. .� ... .w« • •
' ♦
•, •may •�}{ _ f_ r
�' • •,' :: • '• • • •'♦•"•'1�•tt♦'� •♦rf.l•~•..+•1.1� •�•• �'.•s��'r ` / ••}�''.r••.• •' f'•'••• r•• � ••:t♦ « .•.• • • •• r•'. • • • • • • . • + • n, • •• ••
L
I I ' r ,}g.�+q.",V?'b v; 'vcvc•ucEvTtvv s+a.:nvr t,r v r err
t!'" }�� r�.��Jr'�.',tf7.e $s}�ti�{, J C.„ '!� } T'.• t
4:
4:
r
,r #•
:.' ,.�-\ Vis{,{•.• r4,' rrC,'�{r.� N• .:'3
rr• $.
tip/ �• � ...... �{ '
�I } :S' 'rr• '�Jy,Y f�i JV�y,.k JJ�{S .{r
.. ... .. a.ti}"{'4"k�j��{}?�„',n�'.,,,{1:1}jr.^"{}?'f�.{,Jf. l 5'C'+�.(,•f
Y:S.!.k i:•'t1r f'��'�r'v4Yy�}r 4.}S'{ .� � S•
i.`Yk � • a � 'r`{C'Sr -:tvf J'+,is k+.�S�•,,^�'-r'j•".} '�
{/tom\ � ;K + .�. , ,.{ ,:{.Yti n{.':'vx<•y��• �, J�':�S {t
�l.! Y 4 r r
j „,/� . ,rt♦ {,.� :C�. r {v r r �rJ{ r}�*'.' r
V✓' +w/ f ', f... :'t„,.r n y„tis'�'' .r r�� x'h r. ''i
xk
"'�” "� ,poo,.;.�r'�;k...,.�.. t,{ '� }{. ',r.• «��rh, #' � ¢ i. J..
C/)
tv
Lj
.r.'♦ r
Ali � �/ - .+...•.,� � �y� y;� �L'
It\\I/j ,1r.. >,1 ..., •�y 'X k�`.r{.{�'�9}. r r %'� ;` S'�} r�.
`V �� •.2 h,}i,�;�.r � ::�j �r'S' r,4s �,y i,r �yr� � '� ,{j'��,.'�{ }Y�.
�iI err. „;'�I l '�'.. T,,rte} ''��,�f r{�;,• y. 1 �,4e..c ,+ r 7,�}r<
o �
`:'''3:'' {_. �+:'`{�} ',•.,�h'.�'#; ,{G:,:k1�'•J,}u`{'�{ �`�',r.� ,..r. F r:v'�5. .t S:.t�S '?►.
sta {C� •h.{ .`.{ti .}},,.9'Cstisi�{}.nk �^.-. 41 �; 4.¢��, � ) }}:�'.
k 4. r{k 4 '4.- 77ii K n yi.i{ k,}�, {{L }. �t; i` .;'.S{ f-.J • + 53a J, ,'ti..
•;;; ',`' '3' T "2 t ,{Ji,�C. .tint•,{; "'� J. f;-''2. f"
..�r,rr..,, .v6.r..rr.•J...r::r.r,r.�w2ii,..a nsv.�;..',.:...i.{af;{�s•J..;•rr:r.'..�V.t,x` ti':=iMt.r}.;1•.:ir..?.',. �r.... ;. S s,, :.;Y:r;�'. i�?.'r.�;{ fi
1
•V
1�4
h,
dRW
I,
I
agc
;• a.k
Y'
40M f'•,�'•r
Twv
wdw .r
o
u p,
dw
IV
IE "IBM
*� •
J,> .....
16
LF
416 NOW
0 awc
c
U. u +
c c
0 0 '� .36
IE C4
s
rr
i
•
t
s
i
� i
n
r {
r4 4� •'JE'. ti
h.
rr
1•
i
r y
1/
rte..
xl
mommomm 0
4�
wagon"= 0 0
uj
CD
16
{ � ?
CD CD �.
s:x IW+/ CD
M CD v*1
MAL-IN
* :r %ftw
rfw''�.�r� r r,w� ������,;d '3` .. .,i• •Ill�w�ll�� *�
CD
Q! 1Jcn E 0. 0 E
v AMMA
Nowmawmm
0 q.� ..�.
uif 0
mommom I
0 r� r rrwis
.,
m
(D v4mmJ
U)
k +iR
f
- e ooe
N t.
ki
Iv
Ic
t
` S
»..�. • +my}� ttr5 '# , yr„}o,�, �{"`k,fir~',.
k {
r�
Sao `�;�;1 Y� twr,•}�f` � �¢'x< �{kd?,�4�f '� ''�'k
r�alr ,��?-1'Y},�rrN, •.,r :�y���r �!`Y;f"t{''{,k++r;t�.: �
{�">'<,• lis �lc�,,vc `?,�,,'"'�, '�
i
CY)
cz
�/I' rr •}• 4 Yom+' 2�¢ � f .
�'".i '�.{'fir ! uFK'ti`����}('2;tS•w�r �;
r
tic
a r.
Lli
�}► ,� 1� {x;12 :`
V! � `{ 'rah r ! f��•;::.',,,''�h'�s 5}`.
dL
f
t s
".�.."" � �■t �..j fty� ti+v-..ti`.;: �}���� ��,� � ��`rte,;� � ,
� {}.}`�' •`rely •i} "� 1}YSf ,r."'M ��r{'.h�.,- ,
■�■� 2.�"}} Aft. '" r.�,-:,. �� �. >'���},c� fi �,,
-
'T�
y,
-22'G,�� "}!`1'• v4-fr �cY..4 �r{?`Lt M-0
V
.1�. KS,�yij.
j{/�js ss};{r�`'`��'`} �••` 4{t%�kp�,t y,tr..R, h fi}:",�r�"t�i.�sW�r'''t}:;;j$`
y�.�i /� {}J'" ,fi ,�G�tS?�}'.'S,r.�ry,�{ti,�� r'�vk',�����,'��• G `7 ..
■air■■ �}j `1{.� r ?'„` {'`ny��_"+��,}•rtf,+t' .Iu'S�4 t�tp,.,�Csq
,V
•�rj /�♦ � •aur yr$x��{ry^q�;` � ;.,���lp�{(tyi{•a?.�!{"y°��3ific}t'' �,'°,`d�^di�+�6$',�t C"t K,l��h
w✓ (\''J� }r1}t X'ir'h Y{���^�{}{h''*' ��'f..:�X:143• .{�����.'�"'-(rc yvv�a t��K�� }•'„r
el I
1�■�' c..t{�ti� ^�rvw w n! $6�.PNvr`?�C Xt.,s,,,t�r �,y,Yj'O•�t^f•,�X`�{��'"��5t'$"' }�k
a ■�■ <.��1,,,,#�¢ ��•ry't 4r}�a{ y�p��{}��•'�.��}{Rk1y�'�ri'p4'{�,t 0�X��s,�`
1" { 1!N f. „ .. 4�SL V T'>,t�{yJrI S/•n$'}r''K
1.,2;-0{,lti�{.':Y'•rti•{ �✓:{C;�r., ?'c'S+�"•+^♦k r a"#„fly.{ir
{
t2r�-•�r.yY''try•�y',�o-2� ;* ,��"'+�Yr 4`C,,pS1 K y�'� 5"*�, '�{•',s�
h
z:
� �.,� {,lr�"'d•y.�l:r�'t`1 v
IX
{rU
r Y}'A r}^4?,- f.y.• fMrt+`4•.4L't �1 r 4,{
ui
�, }{{k,L•:."'?'rtr}fit 1 f S-'4. y_,,�,f`^�y''' v'ht y�'!• STt, 3 r,`'
'tf�'!:a>Sti}kw}� Ft'f "���}t: vd'"�•,ec+,,f•4,�r��'�.4,t���•,}�y y
• ft. 7G{�•�•}} {} ,'. k�t$: 2��{ r��r�r���`i4�°C'���h rA��r•.t
Ar��, � �� S ti�.1}'}jV r}•��.¢{1ti`p�,r{k 5q' , �}+'}"{-:.}w•v,'4`R`.k�+,y4�;,.�<'S��{{r t x1�{'�!�:;
:u{a�kt^.:.�N+..S.k.:Cc.1�i�2JS�iiL��A%��'• ..a'+tKr.M.hM',rNn{l'..C4.rl''r:54.4...mc+k.y.L'C}*.
a
,r r
i
i.:
t..
op—
I�+
`;0_0
V
t
""- 0 (J)
0 �
'. 0
0
ago lo�
to'' '.
c'v t1� ""-
%woo
%40--
0
�s
COD
CSS
a
•
�;,. � ;T.3S�K1 X4„rt,�^�y+;,,.t�t:� �h}v.Y." )r 'W. •"�+r }
`• t '�tx.
sib
� �'£t� sr'.;5 r r` '$�rr � f�t*d� �f 50-�:�'{; �t���n�� z`. ' �; a r� .�•.�;.•
_ �, } x� �{{ {t Yr"'�,�r-�r.,.Y�. ' �`�ar'3'rb+G�F.• ?�.v;j �''�`"r.
,�. t'` !- cr" ,y,i, 'k. a tP.y r}•fir..i'¢v '�y�..1?.^.,'. S w�`n t{'�},4 ' },''Ck3•'>r �" �}": �� ;
M',hw{•ir`.} {rrc%5h''r, - r,.J"•`}rs{J{*+ rC'2 k r+r'.w..S,+ySti*e.C{{ }s t.!r 'DS5 {$"
'`r ;�w�, ,*{r'"rr:`'<-rat'r r , �' K.'t S' .�yc•.� s .;f `.�� �-'r`x'•` ,�,, �.
,57F4P#*;y �'f+.�rr 4i' r} {.,x'}r{4�,yf''r�r:`,�, �•�r.�;.�+rxC••'.,�,' F.,�s,;, � ',rr�,•✓r ,,,h'
�„�• .r 1 �� >�`}{<�?it },r r}r } ,&� �;`x�{•'LLa.
h �,,' r}L•;, 4.r.'.�-� "+��{�r S
mizi
K x� {{s.t�r{}'��+„ o1,y' �5{S,{S{..}.r f h Ish �..+�`. �t7. f+, • �} rr +?;;,,"'�: t
<>' { �C `��£} { }�.;-`r' ,a� ��<�s�Z�.'� �"`K{.�•¢ f '` 6o-: �'' +r
! n r� } y i4'}� 4 �, r.�. t �s..a:,c,� • r�X y X,ti rr�.c �s� 'F�^q.+
� r,i r •�{'r 4� ��ti fir}?;'f s r '�}rr r.r[�+tcY•.'�'.+r i �.}+�•w..,4 itis{ :f '$r,' �,�,�,.AyrS.,h.:Wit.}?:�✓t h ����� ♦.v
�,{,
�{
�`tt`,
«�'-`,__ �}t,r�,}�,' �.�ti>4r $# ,rte�a 5t��_•���C,� �,D � ;� t ,xx�,� ..,
,��` °•—Jo-}r"� + ' '°` X'�' �+ �ao- t 4 � Sr}rx' '�
3,� �kax yy�`'' `-,y'4" �ak�z•�4�'.kfi,�'c"'�L r^. a•fir ,� �}. � rw x ts. -�
I sa, �3 i
WWA
M` f � `�"'y'.t'.��}��v'�St.^ t Y�#y.�4{n�` ,t�R•s*f�{r'��.`�"'
��� �s„rC�jp$�"`Vr�f-.+..+,s {rt'c"'",�`+,�tiF r},�� }��%�y�y�{}H`�•,{�w�..`,ti.
_- �r f{{T?',�, `r t'kC '+�4".�#�fhti{t X4S�• �,r,Y
' S{
..ZS
ti N
cz
CD
0
c�
f
J r
»fT�{,,r:". .,},�•.Jay ti �/''F ! ;�.y+.
RM ..4
• �?'rY{may � �� •{
xt
IVI
n•'•. Y.{a.,?}'• •h•''�''."fir, •a
A ?
� �} •4 Jw:r�yg$',4-{i '� h;-•a,x •Y T,t. 1'.
'�'} '(�s""�' ''�• it
� <; ,.fix.">.` :r-: .> •.�•�
•✓t�'k,�'�'W yh Y # � }.rrs,�Y p 4 TT f f'
Ix
tr
14,
14
f'k''Y .. *r' x Jfrr�hp'''�};r..,t {G,j�,f• "s. .. ,�,�. ��;ysr
�f..'. .;` }r., :`hf. ti Jv �>SY4 r,{�•�w.X r✓ r 4;; .a� '{,�}
A �$' .1. ,',� ..`S 'w }`�{�'p��SLYr,•',���r J`�}'1 ti({'y{S'4}h""}'C'.{g,,(y�¢' .{� '•�
f��fn�;4� k �� �,' � ✓ akx ,,s
�t M1}� y N yt }•:
Y� Y: •
4 ,
,Xf}j•.
}f�. rr1, r. ♦♦ '
1';',h,,'{f,'K��!� {.`�. r �{ ✓.�ly�✓an
N
}��+ V ry�y{ �, r ''•+$��t�,`s
Lli
'
V :,•....a.;,y y,;":. .';}' .JFA....:bw'.u+':uF.t:.={�..�.,:.,1a;..}�a....yy✓c+a+�G."i$ef Yd ..:
/
0 Q
4- ......
- > -�-j
p
C13t�3
..+ UO)
> .�...�
a 1 a)CD
c
a
CD �.
0 C)
cu
m
(1)
>
t't
.:1tit
y4,•
tF
,gyp w�
L
x 4
4 1
.w....., r°' { Y,�, tip 4��4������} �r����:`}�,�Ks'$�;��'r4 r*fir x^•�.tr�^�} a�#4�
+ ; �r''�.�<r�:+C�k��"�${]�}'^��yr,h��y;�ay{��k<�.,}��'��r a;4 tr}� r�•�r
4 Pr{,;.}.;.}:'.;.}};•: ��L�$�tt'? r�.l,r!!f. �}1} ^}..tN'l ,?.*f�k frr Y'�'`?M.�Y.^.ti'#�P",+r
err+. t 4{`L � }`3t`,._ } ��.,.�tit'J"+`Cry•,� x+��ry �L`G}t it fi'h�4 L`C�sw
fir. 'b. {.{ Lho-;^L f{�4`M1�nJ.r�,�Y; `��y•} k''e{Yo-'{�� "��}�''fti .o'�`
t:,f �' i i(✓..{j �. r$r"'i.7t.>�i'47.,��;�" }yrh'., )C,� �, ;"S:,,•,v
� 'Yt$ �:{ ,� � Yr..}..r;,LN• ~k,+.Lr t� t.�L�.vi42�'�'`"� •
�`"'� i }{ r't.�w,'`L{`4a;,��y r 3,> `•y �+t•= 95�a�,`, x r}� .}
��u;' k p��owC'r},,,d{'�' .,i�„i t•r, �x�n s`' y 'R`Y}r`.L'k
/�/YV�f\ ,� {,,,a+���{�;y[�(�, �}fi•.�{{V 4 �,*��rr��,�is�` L,r.}` •y1a��.
t�1_n_!_' ,..{ }}'i" >$`�Yh"LCL.`T.} 'w.cam}}}{^��i,+"�•�,t�• .{ ,•�k�.'M
'',ry4•":{All
.�+rr .,,tt.�}47. '¢} ,",+,�^?"�L'} ��' �'L:r•-k+r�'.;y � y,r { r
CD
t
.M.r.+. �{} Kv.r'��t{„��,�'Grrr, 5 v ti��,��M�'^Y��� R'^"� '•}�,+,`^,��+r�. �•
///"""��� .t.4:�.k+:�..r.,,,.•..tt:,;-,L rr,^..::{';i•i�'he}.•.:Sv:+t._b�.:�v`u.tisti.fie,'.St�iOi'�4r'h�i�}r:��".�r`s'2`n�'�k?;��r''+�.s<{}� '�"as�t'd•};ak'4r'r '[:.
Cts Cts
vj
--� CD 4... C"t'
h
5 k{
.. t,,. �t { s r�l{ �{{,'�^k�� �.�••t f}c�r.4{� + t+#f
{y t f
{r,•y,
t;is
{
.l ♦
. �, ... : , a+yry'. t Vii•%� ,. ..
4,
41 t
4'
Lij
v
< w<
y
5S.�
f ?'
iJ!
0 �
Vol
Cl
CZ a)
—0 c
CCS
CZ
4
a
{
r�!
c
a
t <
t
t
�j
r �
5*
5
T
0
t.�
Lli
C7 4 -- -�.-r' to .�. .`
0
cn ,.�.,� ......r.
0 0
cz 0
> 0 cy)
0 �-
�o m Qc) ....�. !
CD Mal
4- a)
0 wmmm� 0
Cz r
I �...
Alma �l �-- 0 �--
L
ui
c
V
T
i�
T
r,C-. ark,. tf•
•s:
1 '
}{
i
S � �at;�u""'f"w"°"`'"a"i`'•r�{.tin*.''�+„"i"' ,.
.4
•'^'^` Mir} rr"*{r'rr �' r.1l4 a'�M'Y'•+1MRin"'>`'gs'•^i��Y�it+titi,visw{�SwvJ#'
� Sc r f�., }•+r � k
tY i
uir.
�V
i MM1M�'
0 s...
?MTN
c
> -..--
Jc: N40
Lij t} .
0 0
cl
s
a
4�
O
C
O
U
ui
o 0
U � O (1)
� U
O
C)
� O
o p � O
�
CD
o M
CO C6
-Sir
>1
W � O
0
0
z
if r'
r
r.
pp 4,
V } '
9« 4 4
TFC Y� '- h f ,,�'• .
'r1
Ai
G .y�•
l} l
ui
�Ty ��a. . may.'.• ,
(�^r�
V
V!
CJS 4mi
(n
cn
CD >
CCS CCS .�.— %,W._.. ..._. C) t/ c)
C)
%Age 4-.4
v 4-a
0 mow
cnQ (n
� ._...
L CCS 0
CCS CCS Q� rm, a E C:
CSS
-� C� CCS � w
.� 4- rf Q) X
.. s."
. co
L
Y.
'� ti '�.fir•¢'�i-5•`,t.
}{
Oa a
� ��"t, {3r. ``' +}`.�iii•
n
:'`,y'y;•StixLC,4,f'�
4.'F. 'x4;•i "fit "ti..a� Yv'. -k- , }.. ,,..
k Y t
} � 4
fig
y 4
bt
i
33 r �
X
..�.. �..�. -f-a
'0 to
(n
m 0
CIS ...._.. { %40001 a)
U)
cz n 1 r s.wrr
-i--� 771
cz
CM 0
cy
cm
co C3) 0
ui
0
----
..�., p L ►
0
9r
.. i
r '�Y
'a
r.
{; M
T... •t � Kph
{
LL
t,
w
JJ <
y1.
{
K
rl�r
0 U)
0
�� ....
Q
0
0
0 E
r rr�r
�rrw�
E Co
£�3
*0
C: E
0
CZ
> 4--r m ..-
0 > 0
Q) ._. Q Q
cz C: 0 C:
cz
> 0
.� Or
I E CT3(1) oa)
.� �.k- -4
Qc)
U) CY)
4�(10 C0
-- o "0
.. .,... 0
� Ew CD
C: C.) :3 _�_.. s....� -�--�► X )
(D. cry C- 0 � o (1) co >N �.. � 0
0
s �? CO UJ 0.
Kw
Q � N
N � moolso
� O
000- u
o
ujCo
N �
a) (3) i
° T N
cci
i
W ct
O
m
0
Z
n
��"ry.•
t }
� � {v} z { �4�4��Cr'•t f t
r
•�`ti4, �;�r�r�,�, Y '^"y j4 f, t} '� '� ,s. A bis' ;
� ,. •s{'+ > .{tel: '�Yfr .�r 3 y,;i 4". �,•' �Y
fft
f' 44PP
} hh.
�may'; {•
}f }
S r r.t l• '74 {x
r`
S +at4
,�. tiy,-::r, "�•fir. -
4
4
{(St
MYYYM M�
0 0 (f) 0
c >-, 4--1
Lli
�� •
ti N
c m
.-�. %w� -- r" f
7r✓ �Aii��
c/o
Ile <
C13 m
LLJ
V) Cly
a) a) >
(10 -v (/)
woo
LIJ
ANN& t. Ct3 m C ____
Cid ..�,,., �, t�' �,3
0CZ
C,.) ._._. sw.
0
Cio (1) (D
r Aft
> Vuj C: CD
a �?
u
C�
y
Yy
{
}
ti.
4 ti
+� 1
s
y
b
.S
1
if
.i �YLli
, .
C)......
vi
C)
0 %1114
cz CZ 0
ell%
0 0
0
0 U) am C/)
' -- C
M C: 0
0
.� S`"" 5..... �....
C/) r A C:
ov-.# > 0
cn on
co
L i4 Mina
(D ll •
Q ::
U
� N U
*swoop00000
owoop
(f)0000
� G �0 CIO
� O
� S
too- �W�
0,0...00001 0
� U
-7;7 077111
� ? .N .00
✓
O
M
N
05
C'. O00
v
"p' O1w
-000
SDO 0
.-0001
� O
OL
N � �C.- .0.0
00- 0
r
0
0
Z
fr
#{�\:.••fir
r
fi{4�f
t r c d ¢
+e{
�M1
h
}
fi
41.
*f i
'kt
rrlrrlr�
o +Cr.
U r
L
U)
0 uUO) -
ti I
W
r irwr�r
cz...wr.
0 C:
k
cu
0
z
0
QJ
(D (D (D (Dp v
v
77
< 70 3
0-) (D G O �
� -0 (D (D
CL
O
� O lG
(p 3
CD 3 v < v
3 Mon
(D C/) 0 <
(D
�7 (D om 0 �
� gyp cn (D (Q
(
(D
cy U)
(D
-0fi (p � � (p N
� � O
v �
(D
O N
N (D0
CD 3
CD 3
cn
�
O' f
Q
Q
Notes on
Joint Committee Hearing on Emergency Services & Homeland Security
On November 1, 2005, the County Risk Manager attended the Joint Committee
hearing in Sacramento on Emergency Services & Homeland Security, which was
summarized in a November 2, 2005 article in the Contra Costa Times. The first
witness to testify at the hearing was Dr. Jeffrey Mount, the Director of Integrated
Watershed Management Science and Management at UC Davis. Professor
Mount provided a conservative scenario based on a 6.5 earthquake causing
damage to the western portion of the Delta levees. The Delta levees have a
higher risk of failure because the foundation is on peat, which would liquefy in a
quake. His scenario is based solely on a quake and not a severe storm.
According to Professor Mount, levee failures would compromise the water
system for one half of the population of California. The failures would cause salt-
water inundation, which would force the State to shut down the two large
pumping stations located in the Delta. Professor Mount estimated that it would
take 18 months after the levee repairs to clear the brackish water before the
pumps could be reopened.
Under Professor Mount's conservative scenario, flooding would cover Highways
60 and 112. Important pipelines could be compromised including water
(EBMUD), petroleum, and natural gas lines. Substantial chemical spills and
environmental damage are predicted. Railroad embankments would be eroded.
Levee failure would also cause filling in of deep-water channels such as the one
to Stockton. Approximately 3,000 homes would be flooded in the immediate
Delta area. Local command posts would be overwhelmed with search and
rescue efforts. This would slow the response for repairs compounding the risk
for further levee failures. He identified three islands that have a 40% chance of
failure: Sherman, Twitchel and Jersey. The failure of any island could
compromise the levees of other islands in the area.
Professor Mount pointed out that the Jones Tract levee failure occurred on a
sunny day. The total costs of the failure are $44 million, an amount equal to the
total amount dedicated to levee maintenance in 2004. The professor also
pointed out that there were four levee breaks in 1997. These events highlight the
need for a more aggressive maintenance program, He stated that an earthquake
or natural levee failure would require decisions relating to islands to be saved
and islands to keep in a flooded condition. He cautioned Senator Torlakson that
any bond issue would simply be a down payment, as levee repairs can cost $1
million per mile. A quake could result in $30 to $40 billion in damages to the
Western Delta. Professor Mount stated, "All Californians are beneficiaries of the
system. The funding for levee maintenance should be spread out." There is an
estimated six million people living near or within the potential area of levees
throughout the State,,
Professor Mount recommended actions in two areas:
1. Identify the levees that need to be repaired immediately.
2. Realize that global warming will put extreme stress on the existing levee system
in the future as water levels rise.
The testimony then turned to the State Reclamation Board (Reclamation Board),
which was established in 1911 for public safety. The Reclamation Board is an
independent agency listed under the California Department of Water Resources.
The Reclamation Board has substantial authority over federal and state levees;
however, its authority does not extend to privately-owned levees. The Corps,
under the authority of the Reclamation Board, performs levee maintenance. The
Reclamation Board has an extremely small staff and is ill equipped to address
multiple levee failures.
The costs to bring the delta levees up to current standards, excluding earthquake
standards, are estimated to be $1.3 billion. There is no priority list for needed
improvements. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)funding could
be compromised because the standards for the Corps do not necessarily meet
FEMA standards. The issue of locally controlled urbanization was again brought
up as an ongoing problem.
The Reclamation Board response to a multiple levee failure would be extremely
difficult. There is only one business entity in the State currently able to perform
levee repairs. The repair equipment is owned by this business. How does one
respond to the failures or prioritize the repairs without the capacity for repair?
The Reclamation Board made the following recommendations.
1. Build additional business capacity within the levee maintenance industry.
2. Increase the level of expertise and the number of personnel available to operate
the equipment.
3. Stop urbanization and protect existing homes.
4. Purchase development rights to decrease urbanization.
5. Require a permit from the Reclamation Board to build in flood plain areas.
6. Implement emergency response planning and drills for levee failure.
The critical issue for levee maintenance and repair is financing. The
Reclamation Board has the authority to do levee maintenance assessments in
two ways. First, bonds could be issued for the Central Valley. This method has
not been used in decades. Bonds require repayment and are normally issued to
finance one-time expenditures or fixed-cost projects. Levee maintenance is an
ongoing process. Second, the Board can turn maintenance over to local
jurisdictions with local assessments. In addition, other revenue-raising methods
are possible, such as a levee maintenance fee, which could be added to the
water bills of those who are dependent on Delta water. Finally, since levee
degradation also results from the wakes of commercial shipping and pleasure
boats, commercial ships could be charged a user fee and a levee tax could be
added to pleasure boat registration.
Attachment 8
Legislation:
Assembly Bill No. 1200 (Laird: Chaptered Oct. 6, 2005)
Assembly Bill No. 1665 (Laird)
Senate Bill No. 264 (Machado.* Chaptered Oct. G, 2005)
Senate Bill No. 1024 (Perata and Torlakson)
_�
a
Assembly Bill No.1200
CHAPTER 573
An act to add Sections 139.2 and 139.4 to the Water Code,relating to
water.
[Approved by Governor October 6,2005.Filed with
Secretary of State October 6,2005.]
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
AB 1200,Laird.Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.
Existing law, the California Bay-Delta Authority Act, requires the
California Bay-Delta Authority and certain implementing agencies to carry
out programs that address the goals and objectives of the CALFED
Bay-Delta Program Record of Decision,dated August 28,2000,on behalf
of the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary.
This bill would require the Department of Water Resources to evaluate
the potential impacts on water supplies derived from the Sacramento-San
Joaquin Delta resulting from subsidence, earthquakes, floods, changes in
precipitation, temperature, and ocean levels, and a combination of those
impacts. The bill would require the Department of Water Resources and
the Department of Fish and Game to identify,evaluate,and comparatively
rate the principal options available to implement certain objectives that
relate to the delta or the Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems. The
bill would require the departments to jointly report to the Legislature and
the Governor the results of their evaluations and comparative ratings, as
specified,no later than January 1,2008.
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares all of the following:
(a) Substantial water supplies are derived from the Sacramento-San
Joaquin Delta for the greater Silicon Valley area,Alameda County,eastern
Contra Costa County, Napa County, Solaro County, the San Joaquin
Valley,and southern California.
(b) In a document entitled "Seismic Stability of Delta Levees," the
Department of Water Resources estimated that a single 100-year
earthquake would result in three to 10 delta levee breaks and that a single
1,000-year earthquake would result in 18 to 82 delta levee breaks.
(c) A report to the California Bay-Delta Authority Independent Science
Board estimated that sea-level rise caused by climate change, continuing
subsidence of delta lands, floods, and earthquakes have a 64 percent
probability of resulting in catastrophic flooding of delta islands over the
next 50 years.
92
Cho 573 —2
(d) The state's economy, and the governmental programs that are
dependent on a healthy economy and a healthy environment,cannot afford
a catastrophic disruption of the water supplies derived from the delta.
SEC.2. Section 139.2 is added to the Water Code,to read:
139.2. The department shall evaluate the potential impacts on water
supplies derived from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta based on 50-,
100-,and 200-year projections for each of the following possible impacts
on the delta:
(1) Subsidence.
(2) Earthquakes.
(3) Floods.
(4) Changes in precipitation,temperature,and ocean levels.
(5) A combination of the impacts specified in paragraphs (1) to (4),
inclusive.
SEC.3. Section 139.4 is added to the Water Code,to read:
139.4. (a) The department and the Department of Fish and Game shall
determine the principal options for the delta.
(b) The department shall evaluate and comparatively rate each option
determined in subdivision(a)for its ability to do the following:
(1) Prevent the disruption of water supplies derived from the
Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.
(2) Improve the quality of drinking water supplies derived from the
delta..
(3) Reduce the amount of salts contained in delta water and delivered
to,and often retained in,our agricultural areas.
(4) Maintain delta water quality for delta users.
(5) Assist in preserving delta lands.
(6) Protect water rights of the "area of origin" and protect the
environments of the Sacramento-San Joaquin river systems.
(7) Protect highways, utility facilities, and other infrastructure located
within the delta.
(8) Preserve,protect,and improve delta levees.
(c) The Department of Fish and Game shall evaluate and comparatively
rate each option determined in subdivision (a) for its ability to restore
salmon and other fisheries that use the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San
Joaquin Delta Estuary.
(d) On or before January 1,2008,the department and the Department of
Fish and Game shall jointly report to the Legislature and Governor, in
writing, with regard to the results of the evaluation required by Section
139.2 and the comparative ratings required by subdivisions(b)and(c).
0
92
O
C-A
O
O
VoA
VOOA\
IC)
cd
.4-A
P—
tPA
QA
Ar)
IU) 0 C()
0
f-A CIO
0 0
cd
LO ,.0 rA
0 -A ('�" 'CS' O N u U t'd
0
f-A •jrA
C)
rA
0
C-A
00
CA 00
QA 0 r-A
co
"A Q 0 A-)
rA
p rA 0
0 % Irl VIA
0 IrA 0 co
rA
jr)
(,6 0
34-) 00 IL)
(D
\-A !ZA
COO
je) lira
V7_A •rA °'
1�A
� � w�' � w
O
AB 1200 Assembly Bill -Bill AnalysisPage 1 of 2
AB 1200
Page 1
CONCURRENCE IN SENATE AMENDMENTS
AB 1200 (Laird)
As Amended August 16, 2005
Majority vote
-----------------------------------------------------------------
1 ASSEMBLY: 167-8 1 (June 1, 2005) 1 SENATE: 125-101 (August 31, I
I I i I i
12005) i
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Original Committee Reference: W. , P, & W.
SUMMARY Requires the Department of Water Resources (DWR) and
the Department of Fish and Game (DFG) to evaluate the potential
impacts from failure of Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta
levees and rate the options for addressing the risks of levee
failure, during their current comprehensive study of Delta
levees.
The Senate amendments make mostly technical and non-substantive
changes to:
1)Require both DWR and DFG to "determine the principal options
for the Delta. "
2)Extend the due date on the study and report to the Legislature
from 2007 to 2008.
EXISTING LAW requires the California Bay-Delta Authority and DWR
to implement programs that improve Delta levee system integrity.
AS PASSED BY THE ASSEMBLY , this bill required DWR and DFG to
study and report on the risks to water supply, the Delta
ecosystem and other Delta values from various causes of Delta
levee failure, in conjunction with the current DWR study of the
Delta levee system.
FISCAL EFFECT : The Assembly Appropriations Committee estimated
costs at approximately $200, 000. The Senate Appropriations
Committee passed this bill to the floor pursuant to Senate Rule
28.8.
COMMENTS The Senate amendments do comparatively little. DWR
and DFG now must work together and they get an extra year to
complete their current work on Delta levees. The Senate's
El
hffp://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab 1151-1200/ab 1200 cfa 20050831 192655 asm floor.htrnl 10/25/2005
AB 1200 Assembly Bill - Bill Analysis Page 2 of 2
AB 1200
Page 2
amendment changing what the agencies "determine, " however, has
an uncertain effect, The Senate's use of phrase "the principal
options for the Delta" could relate to more than just levees, on
which the legislative findings focus. Such a determination
could relate to how the State addresses all four objectives for
the CALFED Bay-Delta Program - water supply, ecosystem
restoration, water quality and levees. The California Bay-Delta
Authority, however, has no role in determining such options.
Analysis Prepared by Alf W. Brandt W, r P. & W. (916)
319-2096
FN: 0012300
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bilUasm/ab_1151-1200/ab_1200 cfa 20050831_192655 asm floor.html 10/25/2005
AB 1200 AssemblyBill- Bill AnalysisPage 4 of 4
Blakeslee, Bogh, Calderon, Canciamilla, Chan, Chavez,
Chu, Cohn, Coto, Daucher, De La Torre, Dymally, Emmerson,
Evans, Frommer, Garcia, Goldberg, Hancock, Harman, Jerome
Horton, Shirley Horton, Houston, Huff, Jones, Karnette,
Keene, Klehs, Koret z, Laird, Leno, Leslie, Levine,
Lieber, Liu, Matthews, Maze, McCarthy, Montanez, Mullin,
Nakanishi, Nation, Nava, Negrete McLeod, Niello, Oropeza,
Parra, Pavley, Plescia, Richman, Ridley-Thomas, Ruskin,
Saldana, Salinas, Spitzer, Torrico, Tran, Umberg, Vargas,
Wolk, Yee, Nunez
NOES: DeVore, Haynes, La Mal f a, La Suer, Mountjoy,
Strickland, Walters, Wyland
NO VOTE RECORDED: Benoit, Cogdill, Gordon, Sharon Runner,
Villines
CTW:mel 8/22/05 Senate Floor Analyses
SUPPORT/OPPOSITION: SEE ABOVE
**** END ****
http://www.leginfo-ca-gov/pub/bill/asm/ab 1151-1200/ab 1200 cfa 20050823 162432 sen floor-html 10/25/2005
AMENDED IN SENATE SEPTEMBER 81,2005
AMENDED IN SENATE SEPTEMBER 6,2005
AMENDED IN SENATE AUGUST 15,,2005
AMENDED IN SENATE JUNE 2830 2005
AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY APRIL 25,,2005
CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE-2005-06 REGULAR SESSION
ASSEMBLY BILL No. 1665
Introduced by Assembly Member Laird
February 22,2005
An act to amend Section 8521 of, to amend the heading of Part 4
(commencing with Section 8520) of Division 5 of, to add Sections
83272 8523, and 8524 to.- to add Article 8 (commencing with
Section 8725) to Chapter 3 of, and to add Chapter 9 (commencing
with Section 9110) t'%ej%2 Slid two% "aJ and Chapter 10 (commencing with
Section 9150) to, Part 4 of Division 5 of, the Water Code, relating to
flood control, and declaring the urgency thereof, to take effect
immediately.
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
AB 16651 as amended,,Laird. Flood control.
(1) Existing law establishes the 7-member Reclamation Board in
the department. Existing law authorizes the Reclamation Board to
engage in various flood control activities along the Sacramento River,
San Joaquin River, their tributaries, and related areas. Existing law
requires the Reclamation Board to establish and enforce standards for
the maintenance and operation of, and to undertake other
94
AB 1665 -2-
responsibilities with regard to, flood control works under its
jurisdiction.
This bill would rename the Reclamation Board the Central Valley
Flood Management Board. The bill would require the Department of
Water Resources, on or before March 31, 2006, to prepare a schedule
for mapping areas at risk of flooding in the Sacramento and San
Joaquin Rivers drainage, and, thereafter, to update the schedule
annually. The bill would require the board to prepare and submit to
the Legislature one or more reports describing the history and
engineering design of the facilities of the state plan of flood control,
as defined.
The bill would require, on or before September 30 of each year, that
a local agency responsible for the operation and maintenance of a
project levee, as defined,prepare and submit to the board a specified
report of information for inclusion in periodic flood management
reports prepared by the board relating to the project levee. The bill
would authorize a local agency responsible for the operation and
maintenance of a levee that is not otherwise subject to that reporting
requirement to voluntarily prepare and submit that report. The bill
would require the board, on or before September 1, 2007, and on or
before September 1 of each year thereafter, to provide a prescribed
written notice to each landowner whose property is determined to be
entirely or partially within a leveeprotection zone, as defined. The bill
would require a county to annually provide to the board lists of names
and addresses of property owners in a levee protection zone located in
that county. The bill would specify that a local agency responsible for
the operation and maintenance of a project levee may propose to the
board a project levee upgrade. By establishing requirements for local
public agencies and counties, the bill would impact astate-mandated
localprogram.
The bill would require the board to prepare a flood control system
status report for each facility of the state plan of flood control and to
prepare a report on the project levees operated and maintained by
each local agency, using certain information, to be made available to
the public and identified entities. The bill would require the board to
prepare, update, and maintain maps for levee protection zones.
& OL&U.L.ULL LU uue
3:16a Uil] wamaj;;Pph *Loa el mom costo"oava* *x% soresaare snLd aaalftac";* *0% *L
I.a%wSIaIC&LUX%.oI U%OJL%JI%.O iculucLLY 1 11 40%J I%J "-OFVJLL aLUL%w PIM
A P%A OM Avq:�VMA I X-14 a 16;11 4auqaal A vic 0:% mom 1"Oe—
U1. 1.1%JULL %O%JIILL%JLO JLJ-L%O UILI W%JLLL%z 1% L%U%w# %4%-#F"-L L-L-L" LLLIP Oft Of Utfure
94
—3 AB 1665
9 0 0
11MOON4440 11 Ob'"O A
Ua L,"%.o Lj"%O.L"IlAvi.L"i L.7".0 ar W"%IL"" V%on.7 n sore:
4-0-OF
=16 om J%;JJ %xisaimal wo ow Joamoal ag 4nowsp emoao4m =;163 a &mvAl-a ate%aipa" am
x Ll%o L.FLLJL VV W L.L&%A I%O'Lj' ;L L%J%00 0 CL�' VA.L%O Y x%OOF ALOPI%O LUX L4jL%O W F%OA COLLJL%.PJLL
040 A M flinteln swr G%VA 0 IM*4WAVIOCO oasm Am 16 p4r—wa QP*%d:Pq%%]6oav 20 oa Pop
644j%& w-L FW", vvwj`01� wLL w-L "w"O "F"" aw w-L"d
num-0 *0% am -q a No am c;v;sI6q%a;j-*oa 4:Loa 36 a a a-3 ;40 — 'Cb—ONVA Q A; 1 0 A P-3 16a A�L
JUOGU31 &AJ Fl%wFcLL%0 CLIA(I OL&ULJUU16 L,%.P LLJL%o V%jI;LL%A2 "A L&JMYL"A"L i A.A%O%L UY ULL%W
a—0-3 @Mpg%plod: pt:e 4C—' OWN ja"ja 40 -0-0 pla 44A so AM OCI A A
U%.PQA%jLj C& A%wFF%JIL, %JJL LLJ.L%.PILLJA&LA%JJ.& JL%.YJL LLL%OLI Jua F%O-L-tw%"%O -L'%-#%-'
0 0 0
rn tin II"Poem Imead: VPIftIaV*- MIMI-46-184" dwa 4�L a mammemeed: ORIMONIANISP
060 LvF%J-L&O -L%0J-"L`uu5 L-%-# wav YL%JJ %01-) &"%d'L%fu-Y ""FuO-uuS
latatim jjndfl*IMJ lAsaal ONO A~Q OVA 32L$a 36;13 IssuQ443.3 aim" Naxic Oammeata;4:1-at
-- L%J%O"JL F-L W 51 UL"s A AA%of VA" VV W L4&%&A%04 L1.7 %OWUALL.7 LJLL"L
OPI&IIAPO CA jPx;PP A 4A CAMLM2 fto :G4RP-3 j:ja ;gJpMt;-O_; pjapIq
A%oALL%A%wO " L%WV%O%O Ift R JLL Aj%.p a AJAI%O%x3� &%j I%A%OjLtLA.Ly %OC.L%OAI
aft'%apal %Xamp—] ]PIPad;P-3 d*= 044PU a mmmla eaft0a J-6a a *-FM*"
F9"v%w'%-I-L Av"I VLwF%w"-7 "J%Oc"%w%4 AJu OL"01A" 'r-j%,YAx%O uwu%A &W YLOVNICO 24 VVIA&
"A.&Lap a:C-CIPA-3 16mcpavA assP41- 41-in imeasaamal imm; ag 0 IM 0 aGWA POM 4'04C P
'x%-'L,JL%O%oP wl--L-Lwwk&u"xac"%L vvLL4A uuuo"A"AL&"-LVL%JF%Ox V "zA%"00%.'OOJUU%OA.L&%-#.L%0
sLat, 0 1IM-3 Lisp 4:L P A:1:1 a%A-W; & 9%319 M 00 GROMOOMI NaCesinal a%Salaam%%"
It"U%XW VV"VI %xv V -Lv%L u.Y L"ev%x"JuLl I wvvlx "Fcu%O%OJL w-L J-%OGLJL Je-LwFvLq
JAPGadwaj ;4q a Luxuato .0—;3vasom 424-:0%va MAMA 4&IMOP16%;
JUU " L%OV%0%0 JL"ALL"%f AOWIA%W2 UU%.fA%OU.7 ""FwaJuas
-*iadwa —40dwaJ 36%omal ----IR
-L%J%OGLJL FJLv 51"Juu AIL Al.
awmaJA via , *&a la
XLAV UIJLJL VV%.IUJL%A L%O f UU%O L&%OFCXI UL"%W'U&-2 WO%JWF%-'JL"uw" vv-L"' uxko
la—44-3 360MC-00a Lasaaaawn; 3 303 3 *A ch .0140MA OMIM846"Al P-wadwasaft adu24-48
U%JCXL U, UUeJL%JJL%w J CALAL&C&Ly L Aw%,f JL 12 L%J IJI VF"L%0 JLI%JW%L VMAILI%Jl O.YOL4.0"A OLC&LLL
4PPOR a,", aftespolaw;Jap-3 X&P Jail] awAmal-3 ir OP 4I.P 366%004 dwa *%V024ROWIM a
A%OF%x'4 "0 FJ-vO%OJL-tu%w%x- X JU%O UIAL VV W L&AI%A I A0 UU%O UMU&%& LM FL vFcu%0
GNP*%A AIM XLMAJ on lava a"imeaft O*Q4--C-42 MQAU jAgaial a"imam lax;wlaQ4 U I Im .0—40 43-
I%OF%Jl L%J11"%JW%.L LJA"""5%OIJU%011L JL%JI %OU%WIA A%J%O"L C&S%WJLL%-O.Y A%0431 LIPL%O JAJI &JU%O
As%P004.6 Iq4% k&Iaift Q L
9XIIII
%-PF%-O-L""w" L&Aoma nwe ei:
4*16a cai-ata*%Lmam CO'40%4 alasq-1--'al *:A Lim on,--La Cb;%;Q;jQjftL* Naga J-�Lp
%eILALA%W0%.0 uu%d 0 LO"L,%d FL"A'wx I-J-ww%-L%W%JVJULL%.PJL2 &W U%W L""%AUP"V"AJL"UJL%O%ill LJU%o
U'aaama"r- 184*12GON'24-IALMI6 Q;te jilld OPLZA 4:6% 32140* 'L:11
UW"J.%A a 11111 L%0jAL%OLI VT%.OU OJLL%d "&A%A &%j OjPL'V.L.L.L%W%A %.FjAt'.LLxVO. L"V U.L.L&
:%&;Aaajj miar. 0 1&IM 36 A a*%
VV%.I LaL%A L%Aj LU%O uwcu A
(2) The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local
agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state.
Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that
reimbursement..
This bill would provide that, if the Commission on State Mandates
determines that the bill contains costs mandated by the state,
reimbursement for those costs shall be made pursuant to these
statutory provisions.
This(3) bill would declare that it is to take effect immediately as an
urgency statute.
Vote: 2/3. Appropriation: no. Fiscal committee: yes.
State-mandated local program: yes.
The State peonle of the of California do enact asfollows:
A-
I SECTION 1. Section 8327 is added to the Water Code,
to
2 read:
94
AB 1665 -4-
1 8327. On or before March 31, 2006, the department shall
2 prepare a schedule for mapping areas at risk of flooding in the
3 Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers drainage. The department
4 shall update the schedule annually and shall include the status of
5 mapping projects in progress and an estimated time of
6 completion. The schedule shall be based on the present and
7 expected future risk offlooding and associated consequences.
8 SEC. 2. The heading of Part 4 (commencing with Section
9 8520) of Division S of the Water Code is amended to read:
10
I I PART 4. THE CENTRAL VALLEYFLOOD
12 MANAGEMENT BOARD
13
14 SEC. 3. Section 8521 of the Water Code is amended to read:
15 8521. "Board" means th Central Valley Flood
16 Management Board.Any reference to the Reclamation Board in
17 this or any other code means the Central Palley Flood
18 Management Board.
19 SEC. 4. Section 8523 is added to the Water Code, to read:
20 8523. For the purposes. of this part, `facilities of the state
21 plan of flood control" means the levees, weirs, channels, and
22 other features of the federal and state authorized flood control
23 facilities located in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers
24 drainage for which the board or the department has given the
25 nonfederal assurances to the United States required for the
26 project, and those facilities identified in Section 8361.
27 SEC. S. Section 8524 is added to the Water Code, to read:
28 8524. For the purposes of this part, `project levee" means
29 any levee that is a part of the facilities of the state plan of flood
30 control.
31 SEC. 6. Article 8(commencing with Section 8725)is added to
32 Chapter 3 of Part 4 of Division S of the Water Code, to read:
33
34 Article 8. State Plan of Flood Control
35
36 8 725. (a) The board shall prepare and submit to the
37 Legislature one or more reports describing the history and
38 engineering design of the facilities of the state plan of flood
39 control using available information that includes all of the
40 following:
94
5— AB 1665
1 (1) A description of the historical development of the state
2 plan offlood control.
3 (2) An inventory and description of all facilities of the state
4 plan of flood control, including information on the original
5 purpose,foundation investigations, and design and construction
6 of the project.
7 (3) The identification of maintaining agencies for specific
8 facilities.
9 (4) A description of the roles and responsibilities of federal,
10 state, and local agencies.
11 (5) A description of the purpose and limitations of the state
12 Plan offlood control.
13 (6) A description of all other relevant projects,programs, and
14 activities that, in the determination of the board, are a material
15 component of the state plan offlood control.
16 (b) On or before March 31, 2006, the board shall advise the
17 Legislature, in writing, as to the board's schedule of
18 implementation of subdivision (a).
19 SEC. 7. Chapter 9 (commencing with Section 9110) is added
20 to Part 4 of Division 5 of the Water Code, to read:
21
22 CHAPTER 9. LOCAL REPORTS
23
24 Article 1. Definitions
25
26 9110. (a) "Fiscal year"shall have the same meaning as in
27 Section 13290 of the Government Code.
28 (b) "Levee protection zone" means the area protected by a
29 project levee, as determined by the board, that consists of either
30 of the following:
31 (1) Lands upon which the state or a local agency levies an
32 assessment, fee, or charge on property explicitly for the
33 maintenance or operation of a project levee.
34 (2) Lands determined by the board to be protected by a project
35 levee.
36
37 Article 2. FloodManagement Reports
38
39 9120. (a) On or before September 30 of each year, a local
40 agency responsible for the operation and maintenance of a
94
AB 1665 -6-
1 project levee shall prepare and submit to the board, in a format
2 specked by the board, a report of information for inclusion in
3 periodic flood management reports prepared by the board
4 relating to the project levee. The information submitted to the
5 board shall include all of the following:
6 (1) Information known to the local agency that is relevant to
7 the condition or performance of the project levee.
8 (2) Information identifying known conditions that might
9 impair or compromise the level of flood protection provided by
10 the project levee.
11 (3) A summary of the maintenance performed by the local
12 agency during the previousfiscalyear.
13 (4) A statement of work and estimated cost for operation and
14 maintenance of the project levee for the current fiscal year, as
15 approved by the local agency.
16 (S) Any other information relevant to the condition or
17 performance of the project levee, as determined by the board.
18 (b) A local agency described in subdivision (a) that operates
19 and maintains a nonproject levee that also benefits land within
20 the boundaries of the area benefited by the project levee shall
21 - include information pursuant to subdivision (a) with regard to
22 the nonproject levee.
23 (c) A local agency that incurs costs for the maintenance or
24 improvement of a project or nonproject levee under the delta
25 levee maintenance subventions program established pursuant to
26 Part 9 (commencing with Section 12980) of Division 6, may
27 submit information submitted to satisfy the requirements of that
28 program to meet the requirements of paragraph (3) of
29 subdivision (a), but may do so only for that reach of the levee
30 included in that program.
31 (d) A local agency responsible for the operation and
32 maintenance of a levee not otherwise subject to this section may
33 voluntarily prepare and submit to the department or the board a
34 flood management report for posting on the Internet Web site of
35 the department or the board.
36 (e) For the purposes of this section, the following terms have
37 the following meanings:
38 (1) "Local agency"means a local agency responsible for the
39 maintenance of a project levee unless the context requires
40 otherwise.
94
7 a.-Omi. AB 1665
1 (2) "Maintenance means maintenance as defined in
2 subdivision (f) of Section 12878.
3 9121. (a) On or before September 1, 2007, and on or before
4 September I of each year thereafter, the board shall provide
5 written notice to each landowner whose property is determined
6 to be entirely or partially within a levee protection zone.
7 (b) The notice shall include statements regarding all of the
8 following.-
9 (1) The property is located behind a levee.
10 (2) Levees reduce, but do not eliminate, the risk of flooding
11 and are subject to catastrophic failure.
12 (3) If available, the level offlood risk as described in the flood
13 control system status report described in Section 91 50 and a
14 levee protection zone map as prepared by the board in
15 accordance with Section 9170.
16 (4) (A) The landowner is advised by the state to have flood
17 insurance for any buildings on the property to protect the owner
18 from loss.
19 (B) For the purpose of compliance with subparagraph (A), the
20 notice shall contain the following statement:
21 NOTICE OF LEVEE PROTECTION ZONE
22 This property is located within an area identified by the State
23 of California as a levee protection zone. Flooding due to the
24 failure of a levee may cause significant risk to life and property.
25 The State of California recommends that property owners in a
26 levee protection zone obtain flood insurance, such as the
27 insurance provided by the Federal Emergency Management
28 Agency through the National Flood Insurance Program.
29 (5) Information about purchasing subsidized federal flood
30 insurance,
31 (6) The Internet address of the Web site of the board that
32 contains the information required by the flood management
33 report described in Section 9160.
34 (7) Any other information determined by the board to be
35 relevant.
36 (c) A county, with assistance from the board, shall annually
37 provide to the board, by electronic means, lists of names and
38 addresses of property owners in a levee protection zone located
39 in that county.
94
AB 1665 -8-
1 9122. A local agency responsible for the operation and
2 maintenance of a project levee as defined in Section 8524, may
3 propose to the board an upgrade of the project levee, if the local
4 agency determines that the upgrade is appropriate. The local
5 agency may implement that upgrade if approved by the board.
6 SEC. 8. Chapter 10(commencing with Section 9150)is added
7 to Part 4 of Division S of the Water Code., to read:
8
9 CHAPTER IO. STATEREPORTS
10
11 Article 1. Flood Control System Status Report
12
13 9150. (a) The board shall prepare a flood control system
14 status report for each facility of the state plan offlood food control.
15 For the purposes of preparing the report, the board shall inspect
16 the project levees and review available information to ascertain
17 whether there are evident deficiencies.
18 (b) The status report shall identify and describe each facility,
19 estimate the risk of levee failure, include a discussion of the
20 inspection and review described in subdivision (a), and make
21 appropriate recommendations regarding the levees and future
22 work activities.
23 (c) The report shall be updated, as determined by the board.
24 (d) The board shall report deficiencies and recommendations
25 to the department and the Department of Finance in a timely
26 manner.
27 (e) On or before March 31, 2006, the board shall advise, in
28 writing, the Legislature as to the board's schedule of
29 implementation of this section.
30
31 Article 2. Reports on Flood Management Activities by Local
32 Agencies
33
34 9160. (a) The board shall prepare a report on the project
35 levees operated and maintained bY each local agency, using
36 information provided by the local agency pursuant to Section
37 9120 and information from relevant portions of the following
38 documents, as determined by the board:
39 (!) Annual inspection reports on local agency maintenance
40 prepared by the department or the board.
94
-9- AB 1665
1 (2) The state plan offlood control described in Section 8725.
2 (3) Theflood control system status report described in Section
3 9150.
4 (4) The schedule for mapping described in Section 8327.
5 (S) Any correspondence, document, or information deemed
6 relevant by the board.
7 (b) The board shall make the flood management report for
8 each local agency available on the Internet Web site of the board
9 and shall provide the report to all of the following entities:
10 (1) The department.
11 (2) The local agency.
12 (3) Any city or county within the local agency's jurisdiction.
13 (4) Any public library located within the local agency's
14 jurisdiction.
15 (c) The report shall be completed by January 1, 2008, and
16 may be updated as determined by the board.
17 (d) A flood management report voluntarily submitted by a
18 local agency pursuant to subdivision (d)of Section 9120 shall be
19 made available on the Internet Web site of the board if the local
20 agency has jurisdiction within the geographical boundaries of
21 the board's jurisdiction. Otherwise, the report shall be made
22 available on the Internet Web site of the department.
23
24 Article 3. Levee Protection Zone Maps
25
26 9170. (a) The board shall prepare, update, and maintain
27 maps for levee protection zones, as defined in subdivision (b) of
28 Section 9110. The maps shall include, if available,flood depth
29 contours determined by the board.
30 (b) It is the intent of the Legislature that the levee protection
31 zone maps be widely distributed to appropriate governmental
32 agencies, as determined by the board.
33 LJA-d%...JL.L%..RJL'4 A J.JA%O J-d%06JL0,L"LU1%0 A.LLIULO Ul.L%A %J.L
34 -fi-AX40 , 0
35 ana ai:
36 ,
37 L-If A W I%OF%J.L L,W-L UUU0%--AUA-1A-%J1AJUL&A---F%WU11a UJA9 Lip L"LAW"%A%JP
38 --- ua-LO -L%eF%J-L L L%J.Ll-u Yv"A "'v %w-L-Lv-t La w-L L%J%-,"J. IMUERY vy"Col a "'UU
39 fa L%J tal c `oa areas A L%w LN U1 LL%JWU.UU
40
94
AB 1665 -10-
1r em."F Mo.L& %0 Godir,86 %JL 1%0 v%0%0
2 %OW M I L&%O L. X a.Y a L%01.Ll %j JL V F"aa%oa to A%oA.I%o V%w a LL%wo
3Am A 4" "Isma a a M&a 0;&Qd:oa *Ja" *Lod: ]ROD e IIV%Wl L%WV%O%Oao JLA.L%o aL4;L&%o Fl"A.L LLJL"'L J-lcLa %"w v%01%JF%f%s -uu uu
4 IJUV%i JLM%O".L L%O V L%j
5 ay a L%OJUU X U%O a ya&%Ojuu wx "'00 JJctg J-J-LF-L%;v*-o%A VM7 3M LV
6 vv"LIVI VV"i a 11 1 VV J." a LA Uj V%.#
7 Ld(mo:xv;e 11 aj alai stital ev,41alt -Lcm—:Iw o L A L I Itw,L4&JLL FL&IF%ja%oall CA"%& 1 L"%W
8 %JJL %W%ol L4 L V"JLL%aAamol"At t""L %WZ"a L LU%e
9 tip
10Q;1436splaomav imam--& 4-
LJLALua%W%jL&%oJLLI&A%06AaluLIV%O CL%d LO AJLC4 V%o C4LlI%.4LILL%o%.&"J-L%.& the
11
12 L".L%A%O.L L"%O Li L"LUf VTC;L&%OA w-L -L -r %--""F"Ol
13 kkeohm"mte :p ;ga;;4--L Comed;;Aam I 3c:UM Q*%J r—la
14 IQ a im"la" 13—4":a W %%i:D a —4" A��n; 4 0%i:!&-*L a All La&aw 92 at 4
15 %%.#1 %-1 JLJL%A%OJL Lll%d JL%0%4%.#ICLJL J.-Iww" %-.,%JJLJLLL%JJL X-X%OL%JL 1.7 UUL.L%o J-J"w
16 S%jvernm%.AIL. VVL, 6%,PAl%wlc&L&.y Lux
1741�;l oat;*%cv elacominial%o 44 eo cap i So %.O%Jlla Ll L-Mo Ll A Its '",LF'U V%wL"%w-L'&a
18 L%O%eLJLJ.I%,OCLLI%Jlls JLJLL%of aL"L%op C;L%ooL-%,P%A CLa LLJL%o JJ%Jjj-L%.oL&%.ojcLL aF%jl.La%jl
19 , xa;Q— -r—O a 10 c6h;loalam *Uh Ca.. Mee "aar; IseatJo-
20 %of9;Li3%wJLAIU011Lal� CUI%Z llsjjLa-%JJL-vv"j L%jl LJLL%.O FJL%jj%w#%OL) ""%A Fl%.Iv %S%od
21 od ta.0aftall allal JfilVeCati%olaml L%J LJU%.o SM V
22 "JU%4 Lll%o VV%J-L" L,%-#
23 ,
24 UJA %e"O%ea VV"%-41%-of Lll%-O %A%Jes tt%jL. -d
25 UL &a 'LL la L"%sm.. M.L.L.K., ft Mi. L"%.O
26 %..,.L L L%.o kl.LOUI%w#L L%J IIIU111LU"
27 %JF%wICLL%.o JLL%J%JU %.o%JIILI%Jl C;LI-L%.L %JLjj%.fj. Cut L
28 -L %,V%Jnun VV-L&ZI L-Y%W%WL-LW.L.L C&It%X
29 e W#A talai Lo:n im a a VV I ULL LJ%of%oLA%Jll LAwV.J..oFl %JJL A CUL%J %J
30 VT C;LL%.ol CLJLL%ol LU%.011 %.O%JIIIFI%.oLI%Jll C;LLI%A ll%JJL%A CLIML a"V%.o L.U%d aL,"L%.,
31 U.L.L%A L"%.o L.7LCLL%ofa JU%-O%-O LI%Jlll LJLI%-# aL"L%.o 114;La LAIIIIL%od
32 LL.,ric"tilee resm aLU,;LLlLl%,i3 A%Jl ajOL%wL.Ll
33 UwutA%wj. U%O%OLJ-%Y-Ll U-J%J.L %JA. LLI%of VT CLL%ol %-.,WLL%.oe
34114,91068201 1 QXW 19 la Q gb=Q g 4.Oof 82%9j L%WL&%O*l CLI IGL VV 11CL L%w%A%Wx"I MolUoully
35 V%JL.LLL&tJLLLI%JIJL JAJI LLL%o# %of%JaL'3 %JJL %O%JIJLi3LLL&%w&I%Jllw U- L.ZUU 2 0 LCL L%.o LU w
360 masaxi imoact C;IMQ:w. r;&;;*& *&a gpd:04:10 g%om A io laso cl ral
37 %wo%JJ-taLILL%,OLI%Jll %.o%JaLao IVJLCZJUIL%011l(;Lll%of%o C441%4 ll%JL%A JL1"LA.JLIA%Oai3 %JUIISULI%J.Lla.
38 "UV e-"VL
t�kanged:
39 kUl Lll%., Ja%wS.LalCLLULJL%w I%o%.o FOCOS LiLlut, UY Elletr T"I L L"ko,11 1%04 v%.O%woal�
40 VVA.Ua;LVa"l6 cla"ve. mrthtmn e niL ii :'L= ouy %ill LIL.LVICLI
94
AB 1665
1 ,
2 L 160 AA%AIL&%OJLJL%o 0
3 (wea-A :Rle I.,esioal"staLm"re WA. "U%J%A
4 F.LW&%p%,fL,.Lwll "&L.LVL"L,"A"j. J.""%Xo U'y UA%o #60"a"IL "Mud
5 e 05 11 t am CAAL a-mmic"m :%t ga oQ�0;#a Oman oa ol a si#a omma lo%*p tom —voldwalad: amAolm I—MA
6 VVAJL%OAA %A%OV%.OlWF%O%L JAYI LLLL-PLLLJL LAO%009 "LJL%A L.L.. ct aj Lem
7 (%J.'L::Amz fax Is sp rL%el t e p ef""%a%xift ic U""""%&"&L.L%O L"&L""'I L""%&o""a%&v v%flwF%od
8 U=w%'&a" JUU",U.7 y%0"l a wi. Iii. A 11%0 Ao%o5.La.Lcttu&%o Lua uaer
9 'Jairm -�Oi r e e ok O LIALL16 L%OV%0%00 UL&ALL &W 1%01 &&%L FiL W&%0%0& U LIL"CA
10 3—mol ]%#a jjn8d#m#m;34—*#a to% MMJMQ� oilampial mmama gmoat *a I I
11
12 (cH 'zJ ta N A ml e;n rMS!M8 momomm gmeat tpk#Alo cammomI6 —a:Qoao%ai 4m]—;oa ow
13 &"%d 14 Un a"61 L wom"%"all :LQL ON%exd ;"mu U&S t I zrar= F-L'- %xuo
14 J.A.WW%t VV U.YF.L Wal U 1 0 0 1%OF.L%00%OJLLL J JL OLoLFF.L%oJUU%w"&"J.U%.#L,.LVILIVO
15 CLULYLAL
16 h aZards:
17 (sm) Theo unifilms"aisum %clf. halue"al taff5mad proAxemocao""We tax JL%omfv%.P%oo
18 "ILMS WMIZ"D IUULI%.i wl Of
194:1.0a 920mam"Cal LJ.L%o%.o%wAlLLGLL V"LL%.Oj A LWW%A IVJIL""A;L5%.OLlI%OJAt,J.XWUL%A AO CL A%0CLOWAICLUIV FLftft
20 %o aj.cL '.L 310moda %oadv%tawalml flh%omda-lt 31%lad:gWetao ifiCaillaUalotmoOp %oJeeUr.
21 :J R L L tmw 4lmJ3L"oJ*.%L JAm"o0a -J. i(ReXal BLIONmel CoMiLLd-e%e ol j4 Lot o)r m*e
22 Loviavia L'a w v%ol L""J.L 3 a':;x;:e
23 eeo Ao tusaMoo %W LIM LJ.W%J%J.O 41 in ma U3L4=.LV%WO� L"%o %O%OW."WLJUU%oP
24 IWOOVO LLJLCLL 11"V%0 IJ%O%,PJ-L OL&OLC&J.L.L%w%4 %AL&%,f 16W JA%J%J%A- 4wo uL&LL "moce ueen
25 "11"S"LAW%X WA %J.LA.O%o& LL.UWL&S." UUUO V%.P ,16ase
26 lq:c:Om#A4 ;nsuranee nerespim *Loa jlm;l;om3 AC09%U.L J..LM%J%A "JLOL" %.Y.L L%J%01".L %OILLUILa LW L" JA%Jod
27
28 sEETSeete"8333-iradde4e-46eWater-2Wm-teread:
29 U..,p-to 1 0 %.fiA WJL U%.OJL%JJL%O ifillifflim, p4m
30 FJ-%-PF cu%0 J-%JL Ju A.X COW "& J.A.On, WA. A.A.WWULU5 L.0 UU
31 LJC;L%.&"LllellL%J ILLLI%A LJPUJU J% L" L%- L.L."
32 O"UI.A. L&FUJUL%., LJLL%o O%wLl%w%AL&L%w UJ.JUULmULJLY "11%L OIALLIA.IJ.L%dl L&L&%o Wav OLULLaa uf
33 *am im OR a _ -P--- ma pqpiq L11"Fl. I Vj%w%o LO x wal%wo a "la I al(JA a n %ewf co ti*LaLaL a"t I dti ML"e 0
34i I iJ 3a ek ]a a cp e#4 x%am *V%JJUUFI%OLI%JI.L. JLLL%d OJLL%JL&L%A U%AO UC&O%o%A Ull LJLL%o Fj.%o
35 %.OIW%O%OL%e%L I."LIL"%.# J..LOJN. W.L L.LW%JUJUUS
36 ,
37 FJ-J-%J%-#%&vv".Y L""Fl ""LL A.%O.L.L.LczF Juug-
38 S£E. I SeeLea ',fr2o€fke'VlzaC a
Lv-ica
94
r r
XA B 1665 --12--
19 Q3 I _
2 '
•
3 r—gaeft"i-mal :1 rJos%ol Jk no%---3
Q 174 J=4 LJ A-0%--I• .
2 Q32 5iloagagi oao%m ok]6t� . . . _�
LLW%X%X V%J"&,L%J.L
Juuv la Llle
• • i i .
ImQ 106a
O GLLld
7 � .
AWL0 t%J%w"L%O%X Ill LU%f L'J"VI"LLIVII&M MCNIVULT f-ta V
! ` I La Aga Qd;—A:Oao '
8
• • CL
044:1 G am
rob
1 • . . •
11 '
12 ywWl •
13 s 4a 4:L
F. '
Is I uue
14 l . . '
fft-W W,A.%JI VV L11%wo UUCU d
15Imem *Loa A gag%oo*wm la4ft"'- Loa%JJL LA.L%o %A%AOF"l LLJ.&%.,A.LL JUCLa L L11%., U%JJUU%wL&%,olUl CLOW %0%.Ia t%Aj du:ae
16 '
.
17 . . .
k .
. .
im
1$ ! •
a00 am"pUa%-A3%-dd,
19
20 ^t �✓ ,.
21
22 .
• _AWIJAW30
23 L UU WU%o tJ%JCAL tL3o 011"ll FaLs%law Fam"aAre UZI%& aL&UJIJIAAL L%J UU%.# A-A.151OL"LL"%W'
24 .
s
25 LA.JL V en , , %MAJAILL VI.Y %JJL'
26 `I '
27 J�1i
28 • !
29 %O% JdwU
^ fj-� Asa3
• • . ! • i
javq A;C all
p- A:C*Loa kUj X-IJU LAIV%OIXL%Jly ULI%4 U FLI%Jll %JJL C&LI JLCZ%wIllLl%oa WJL Lii.L%O OLCL-Mi
31 ' `
,/�/� • • • i t i
F L"F%ja%wjj L%./ULll%AULA%J L&"%A %0 all "I.L%& L-L L&%.,L.L%.In
33 e� .t%-F�e�
34 • f M ♦ • i ! !
35 L"%.IJLJLJLLIJL%Oao
3 ! . ! .
37 `
38 .
39 �- � er:
94
-13— AB 1665
01
4A A me all iq*ulaw viallaxis-404;0 "Ld; -M I"2 0%ga"a P:;"a 0 A:L a 4: ;M 4:6M oilatoarmilne t A. LAA%O %4%oF"JL&LJLLvjAt, W.L &AJ%O
3 UW"1%Aq Wl.&JAW.#OL"L&O FLU"WA.1..L%YW%a%ewzzUwA-.
4
5 'Noil i'Ll"alvd;-AT wa:jCLnJL.OFJi; JL a Wl. L41UP TV GL&,%Ok MP 1.
6
7
8
9 X-ILLLJL%OJL%O AS
10
11Xua—M2, plea]] 16malwa *Loa cparn rn lama of A A We k"J A. LO%O"JL Y%oul L3jLjLLLLL JLAGLV%o aujuue L"%."L aa M
120%-J W V%WJL AJLLII%fJU&SY Cao tmob;Woa Lot 13 A!3wO..*w%0%,RJ JCL OHL ta r—gaJIM..
13 kflu-*% "'I: evee ca;lavroa caomme"' rn ta ca a% oa avagaca aftro"eadcol
14 Luis; a f-dasJesoal levee as ]%;mix -,d"ne c!oanirsl :%zalloa is 1; VI 0%0%
.Y " A.%O%A%o.L"A. L%.o "a U.Y LA1%0 V L-L%Jud
15 Afanagemea6Bsarl
16
17
18
19 *If 1.140%J 0 k".1 %-XII, WA. UUPA.WAUo LJ%OFL%wlAIU%O.L IW Wl. V"%011 Y%W"L31 "
20 "argemoonew:ressa asaa;lal ta -lcb—a tue casul anca;vatlanane iai:am,
21 vv%Jln.0 OLL"Ll F'%-fFc&A%o UIALL OL&LPLAALL LW LLl%W LPW"A%A9 All,"A,
22 IU6 x P: tu a 16 ta a:r 4 a as pea a*4 a c;am c &;Iqsa .0-0 ;vagalvap;
23OMQQOQQ"r *la JLL%J%JLL LJLIC&l&Us%d L A%OF%Jl LO A%ol"LALAS &m LAA%w F-L mj%P%o L. A.11v
24 ;Lml%A.-Lo%—JImmLlJL"ACa;L*L;&%%%JJ*.aL aa at-sLbPrJnLLift%ew%aA' ifto LJU%o U%J"L%A i3llCLJLJ. llA%OA-LoM&%O CLLI WA, LAI%O
25 €e11iewvtg&
26 1 j AJLLL%J.L LJUCLLI%Jll MLLJL%J L%J LLL%.f JL%J%WCLI CLS%WJLL%Oy ULLCLL 10 1%01%0 V CULL L%J
27 UU%O Uf WILL"a 1.0.1.111"21.1ulee vg%Ac.th e w Ul zLia.0
28 1=UnU%AJ vmAn.LSUL
29 tr or -Hhttad honVota.01. %of.:JOLLOOCIL pa Am%oqJt%.f%Wt* I% "Sam x4gisaxi j%;G
30 tie-prajeeEwarks
31 %.Jj X-L OL4 A. LLI%of F%.OlxmILI.L%O%A Uy L,.U%o L%JVUt
32 "s%.fAxvy %AL. LJU%O li P L&O JLJLO%.#CLJL y etff.
33 %-Tj X-X 0LU&%WlAI%.011L WA. VV%JLJL%. UII%X %.00LILIA4;L&%AO%4%,,%JOL A.W.L WF%ol"LIMIX Mid
34 ,
35 cLFFA m v%-PLL u.Y ULAV L%J%.eUl CLSV11%wy
36 k-,P j A-XAlY W LAIVI. IILXUJL LIIU LIMIX A%OJL%O V"ALL &W "1%0 %0W11%&ALI%.IIl WX
37 F%OA xm rmanee wA- LLA%w Fl YJ v%w L vv ml L%-c Uy L11%o UWU&L&O
38 kUj X-X I%J%OCLL CLJ5%011%.Oy ULLCLL %JF%wJLCLL%wa MULL Main A3 C& A.L%JJ-LFI Vj%o%o L
39 11%.4 V LLICLL CLli3%J tJ%011%WJLI&a IUII%.& VVIUAIII L&II th-Ca aiarea
94
AB 1665 -14-
1 36 imam lmi;**OmJ Ua; *&IM lmwoA;A#m* —16011 ;4mialaagAlm smasmawl imam* tat
2
3 k%.o) X-3L JLW%o"JL C&S%wLlVy L"GLL IJ—L%OUJLO %O%JO&O L%Jl LJLA%O
4 LFL%jV%OjjU%o FI%JJV%oL %Jl JA%JLLFL%JJ%W%WL IWV%O%-' U4L%A%OJL LL-L%O %&
5 1%w v%0%. JUL%wlA4,A%JLL%0%0 a L&LP V%wL116A%JLLa FAMS.LGLLJLI %waL"Uj.Laj-L%0%A FL.LLOL&UMMI,
6 J."I L, Z k%owil 1111 vv A Ll" LJ%w%0&.LwAA I Awz u%I III L."".Y OL&U
7 iul mu-LOO na"m"at I L""Ll P.Lwr:rL
8 %o aj or"m ew%saw 4: na t:o
9 uuuy %.&%i O%j %Jjuuy L%J.L L""& L%OU%.OJA W.L UU%o L%oV%O%,o
10 pre�anr.
11
12 LL%w cul%d%o %JJL JLL%Jky%L %ow"LL%JL FI%Jj%o%oL JAWL %J LLA%WA 0 L.LUJ%o%o L
13 ""a a%o%o&.Lwju 1"".7 vwx"Ll"""Y Fl%oFc"%-f"J""LL'L.%j uuto axent
14 Or uie UMCU%A u LJ.U%J%A L""j.LCL5%o"l%wLlL JL%oFu-L& JLwJL FmOLAJuS uju Hato
15 TV%ou a-tL,%o w-L uu%o wjL LLI%.o u%JcL'%.&'
16 %Wj X-Xi3 Lao%w%A iLia UJJLO O%o%wLlWlftA.
4:L
17smalmoomm a ]Alma! Saimaa%ociam 0;161 im -r—O A
18 LL%w G"1%0%0%JJL FJLwJ%-O%eL vv%J-Lr"-O'
19 .10,an ll&%.OlAC&LJL%00%MO CA a
2013 2:1 aL.LU%LLI V. Lj %J.L LJ%o%.o LI%Jll X-4,U 1 87
21 >
� c_ _ a".:'_ oc��
22
23 -Z I AV A a kc;Lj L-Lily of ""L CZ JAW V%WAO JLGL.LJLU LAJU%ACLLI%JIJL
24 lf.J%J.U%O O""Ll F"L%o%oL%ji.lke"l FA.%JF%wlLy L%J%O"L%W%A VVXI%Jlly %J
25 - plow* -- a I I aa 0 lamallatVA04"1 L III CL L%o V%W%AO L I L"*60 AAj.LUX%.LCLLA%Jll Z,%JII%O C&O LIACL L
2604 oat oa aftaq;04 im a] U x 41-in Uic%iQw#J o"aaemoaaaafti:to% Q!oaoa*;Oaeq 07%x%-o LUX"jLjuu%o%A u.Y LJA%o u%JcALLL FuuL aL&ULIL LU LJ%O%OLI%JIJL
27 XUJ r-kLly %o%JULLILY LJACLL J.U%wLL&%A%dj3 CL I%OV%0%0 L"ALL" U.L%.LCZLt Oft ZU.L.L%o
28 c;lmoll vmrAx;;o'sa LLL%011 ll%JLA%mf%d %JJL JLJL%J%J%A JA"Xa"1%A 'VVILLJL &"%d "'A"La
29 #Apt,%4%.#Ll tekd 304; 41-im F'%JF%olLy L"A,%. CXaa%oOOLJLA%011L %JJL %wU%-OLl lCUJL%-L%JVVll%I Y uu%o
30 %.f V Ual&.Y LAJ %Jvv" "F"'-%-O%A-OJL%JJL'%w"L F'%JF%w#lLy L%J%OC&L%W%A ul" JL%.oV%w%o JLUILLOU%o
31 L4uu%L"LIWJLJL %JJLJL%d
32 egg'
33I I� 3:16a k-L.1 xAA%o FI%JF%d'L.Y 10 L%J%oCLL%.,F%A u%oL&izx%A ze v ee.
34 > ME,5
35 CLII%A C"%o LW
36 (31 :Mia level a : :0
37 aLULL&O 11A L7%w%WLl%JlA LLJL%O
38ka Ll F%J L,%Ao,L-LL-L"-L L&%eF"l JL%jl "LL L%ov%o%o L"'Luj"w UA;&LI%Jll
%eUUl.LLY3, CLLJL%A CL L%WV%W%d JLCLIILU%O M p Lur
39 "'cLF
94
01665
1p
0
00
4 sg � 0
ems°
5
0
9 0
0
0 .0
6
�0
11
12
130
• �
14 Oro 0
15 0
16
17
18 •�{'B'
19
20
Ocee
2�4
25
26
2�
2$ ea�%zs
29 eta
3�
31
32
33
34
35
94
AB 1665N..d.L i I t p TIER 10 0 613v 1 L.,13%M-re 00 1 t cr 8
2
3 X_Xl L-JL%OJLV I I.JL%JW%4%..,%JLALL%JJL kjy a&%OL"L.Y ri'"L'LLa IL"'-'wF
4
503 Qf% f Q� n in.0—wom lemovesmi; 31QJ 3 *Loa.00,A 0.1;%1 0 k"I "%Wx%jl v i"."U"I y 1. Aw%J I J.31 L"%O %x%OF"L LIIIVILIL�
6A omose 4:;, 1141. 41.02 3%ImQwoj ou Q I I Q as OMA4mimial QI6xQ*erm Cowwp%ol C&L.Lf L Ell wato DOW.C1, au"."Flep"A%0 a WL
7 sEatns-reperL.
8 (b) Ibe fllemadA efoaft""O'L acilywSME(moonn od:oimap womeftoav* 014011
9 %j%wa%wA.LUv L.U%w
10 im;0 0 aagova" o;%xo;Jc&]6Ja ;*%.O—wscm A se"0%1 V10%,
11
12 ,
13 "FMIA "1%0 uFF.L%JF.L.L"L, Jl. LL&"%ZO A.Mi. L&AC&L FL"Fwa%o-
14
15 X_XI Ll%oJL%o iC.. JLN.%.otYU.L La UJA JL-I%J%JLL IVXUllCLS%WlIl%wJ.LL X-X%.o Ll V I Ll%.*a U.7 L-d%i
16 xAxgeneies
17
1801 41Q 4o M6 om 16 oa amoA ol6oll uwc"%A OJAU'Li. pomomemore a re oa*4 oava Q oa a#4
19
20 CLJ_LLL L t%ed*I I Lot JIU]e e %JJL CL JL%OL&vI(;Ll JLJL%J%JL& %W LIML LU%WALILy %J.L UU%.#
21 fi-Cate.0i'liti Cow cam %AJ'JL:th-Kaw st"afte elaJIlUstal%of: JU%x;: Q IQ#a*;ok ft
22 8 1529J.0 IJLLL%JIJLII"LI%JJLL FI%JVI%AV%&UY uu%w I%Jvc&L FL"aL&C".LL to
23 !Qpa*;Aoa 0131a Q*%J Ere iwr 4:6M L..Y%OVLI%J&.L -XIlf-Ay ""%A 111A.U1111CALIUll 1.1%ji" %J.L
24
25 JL z_x-LLLJLL&"-L J-JuaFv%w&-L%J-L-L -L%oFwLLa ull JL%J%OC;LJL "Svj.L%OJ Ll LAMACOUIlle%e.
26ul%p:aftim 91 gas%aom&vqq omemi; 1AVE I%$%FJL%-OFcu%"z u.Y L,"%o%A%.oFUI Lll.L%wllL%JI UV
27 -L-u%w aL"L%o F-L"-LJ-uJ-I-JL%J%J%-L%O%JJL.Lu%JJ. L.L.L LY%O%oL..L%J.L.L U
28
29 9i34.-
30IC d� X-16 cpal6oaJaalom -r— 2:2X7 x ia%.# 1.%Jr m La Ill U%O%OL.L%JJLJL U.JAO I
31 ,
32 r e.11 ed xv CaL alai t Jum:%P;amom 16mr-3
33 kul L.U%w all"ll A..L.L"JL%.v L"%o LLMM%g
34 VCL%Wll I%J%.PCLI CLSVIIVY U V CoLlICLUIV MIX LLI%o JUUL%011l%OL TV%oU a&L%.#MI. L"%.# U%JU.Ld
35OJim *Loa VMOMPA all Ai:iuom -C-13 Imeat4iiao-
CoUN&I 81161cat'Ll %L%a LlIv I%of %J Ull WIL L"v JAY11. Uol.LLlLl%wO.
36 ��-�he$eps�ea�
37 k4,1 j."co L%j%.,ou.L use
38 ikc 37 AxiomiLysp edityl%o:J%J*Lm e.#%offluaLignimic x:s,;;*u;4m dIftim joasmial oat:*
39 k-rJ Z-"JL.Y FL&UJL-L%o 2-'ULCUY JL%J%wc"%w%-L vv JL L&X-LLj. ""o "J"Ll CLB%.o"%.Oy a
jmis�iet
40 Oft.
94
-17— AB 1665
1
420MOROw"i- CA6011 Ua a**%-3Q*O-3 00aaaaaall
"%W 1..LWU%X M"""aVL"%WUL I%OF%Jl L OXI"Ll U%w L4.F%A"L,%e%X "11" ".Liy
2 L&Fm�u Wav"FF1%JF1 XCLL JL JL U&1%40 JLW1 LLJLCQLtL Fsa alall mF 0 ace..
jC A� A JIAAIJ "I gill tj fpjag%%jaeqj: "jag%A--A- *11gil
3 k%Aj 1--x JLI%J%J%A JL%OF%JJLL VWJLU1XLGU'11Y OUVABIALLA.AA U.Y U
1.1 OMQJ 00*0avasaxic Iftavem—aa 461� M C Q a At*A" a 13 IQ 01a a I I 1L—
4 I%J%09;LL CZ5%wAJL%wY FL&LOL&C;L11L LW aL-LtJ%.&1VJ %Aj %JJL Lj%.Oko LOXV11.7 1 AAJ 3114111-EIV
5 4LftJQ-LCQ1A1,VM IQLL xV;wCQZ;JL1A"QL6P 1,.. WiQ4JAQ "ULLUOaO leadL;%OaWsLm11n% Vz%aValVWX 41la UAava-3 'r 4L Iowa
JW%M4
a mama gait x]a a 44A 'Al
6
JAG LO%A1%w&1WA1 YVILJLJLIIN UU%W a%W%J5JLCLFJLJU%00"JL tjW%A11LLCUje-q%AJ'L &"%Wf
:kU sa asiaea A--d- —16,Qll ]a ea *%a a A m
7 uU (1 Ov j allaL r1l;—a%x 14 i%saw-dL--I;%AJ afl L 9%2-ow,*L LLJ L%saw laml * LJLL%W I%WF WX L i3lx"11 W%W
%%*% 4:Lga MILMIft ai-d-a AC4:6Z -3 Amn a 4�
8 WJLL LJ.L%mo JA1L%W111%wL VT%WLoF i31L%o WJL LJLL%o%4%OFC&L LJLJU%O=.
9
A
10 X-XA LI%OL%d J JLJ%W V%W%W X CoLILL&I%W JLLAUkLJL%AC4L1WJ-L Z.-,%JAAV IV.L"Fa
11
12 3.:11 AV (Ua� Theo blaar-3 almall eare4m,%ro aa*ftj1Q*o= Q*Q1j vne;6ato F%dwawm
, j %J"x%A 011"1.JL Fx%OF"l%03� LLF%I U L%wq ULZU LLI"IJLLL4U MF3
13 . j06P deilmoaJ ;" rLN
"0 %ol."luots 1JA aL&U%Lt Vlaxm" kU7
—.0 IQ OM a 4:;pt am 03 Ila :Mia 016013 ;Oaialaagisa :OAA04 gllaeft-6-�
14 U1. U%.O%OL1U.0 .Z I X NJ X"%W "x"F a a""Ju xxxvz U%LV L.L%J%J%A takeF L11 %wU.LJL Lm U1 a
15 -0%.& Uy L,.U%o Uucuus
4U� ;— -&�Oa ;V44:0zoat: 0:%C 4-1-0a I An";-104:13=0a lowguala
16 %U AL la LLJLV LIIL%OJ-LL UJL LA1%W A-4%-' 1a1CLLU-L%W "ICLL L"%w 1VV%wV X"jjLLU%.,#
17 ".L%I U Ll MIA. zone Jume wideArygic
a Lm CLFF.
0
111,im-3 ImAx 4-�Oa Iftim
ig am V%0 %well L CLC� Of s %aete %.'%A Uy L11%W Um
19 SEC. 9. If the Commission on State Mandates determines that
20 this act contains costs mandated by the state, reimbursement to
21 local agencies and school districts for those costs shall be made
22 pursuant to Part 7 (commencing with Section 17500) of Division
23 4 of Title 2 of the Government Code.
24 SEC. 10. This act is an urgency statute necessary for the
25 immediate preservation of the public peace, health, or safety
26 within the meaning of Article IV of the Constitution and shall go
27 into immediate effect. The facts constituting the necessity-are:
28 To reduce the threat to public safety resulting from levee
29 failures and to reduce the state's future liability as the result of
30 Patemo v. State of California(2003) 113 Cal. App. 4th 998, it is
31 necessary that this act take effect immediately.
0
94
N
� N
C4 ..
O
T O
:> O
T N
N
O
I
.O
�I
c�
I
cis
4
O
to -0
0
a)
.O
r�o
z 44
a) O
1:14 4 0) 0s4Z
Z . (1) 4j (1) O
.� a) -,-i 4-4 r-A 4-)-,�
'o T$ O U 'O Q U)
.� � U -� (a
a) Z < Q
�4 N O 44 '0
O (0 rf� -r-4 'O O 1:: 44 r-i
.� 4-3 U) 'O cd O 0
ca 9� -H 0 p o f:� a)
.rl O Q 4-J O r-i 4J O 44
X� 4-) r 4-) r-I P U 44
4-) M 4- . 0 M c0 (1)
%- 0
U + -�
O 1rO r-q c10
ra N NN 0 4-) 4-J44 4-3
�4 •� U) � 4-4 Lr) Lf) 4-J U
b) (a O 00 00 (1) --- O O
O 'Z5 • ---U) O 4-) 4-J
�4 U cd 1:4 r-q r 'o Lr) Lr)
a a) o N O O N ,c� r-q 0 •
a) 13� z LO -H (0r4-) M X44
(1) Oo 4-) 00 -� -r-i O
to U 4-J (1) (n 1:� O (10 p
LO r po O Ln -H a) 0 O U) N O 0)-r-i r-A (1)
0 0 0 �4 o S O -� LO -H r a--) (1) rf�
C) -r-i P o 4 4-) X! CO 4-)•rq U 4-)
N 4-) -r-1 N O 4J U4-J U U O
(0 ::s Q) U -r-i O U) �+
00 -� V 4-J >1 O0 U U) U) O O U
U? O �4 a) (13 > c:> r 0 xi
0 a ro a) O O O -0 0)M .jl� 4-) 0 a)
E.� a) O r P U -N r r 00 4-) O -H U
r.0 L r-q O P a) M o w a) "A -r-4 U :ip
H S P O >104-) 2: x 0 "0 T U U} : �- �4
U) � -r f p z a) U W o i r-q ra � Q) ci � V Q)
r� (0 4-) w •• > r < > Q) (0 H .. .. p (1) 0 0)CY) r 4-J a)
1-4 1-4 1:� U) -rA O I 4-J U I W p p O 9 -r-i i:� -r-i ca � •
►4 0 4-J is 5:1 (Y) (0 U) r H a) a) 4-) 4-) -r-i P U �:: 4-J >1
H O U W U P O � -H OT rry�'' 4-a 44 O 0 U }a,) r-4 r-A
z .. .. H ZD z (V �+) rY4 Z F-� z a) W 4T] a)U W W n, 01 W
< O U --v) a) ID4 R X: r 4-J
v� H O Q H I I RS (a 4-) -r-i (0
z pQ O z •• H E-4 a) a) v+ lO � O P •,..�
cs w OCa U S4 $- po OU U (o '�
0 - HUw H Q 4-J (0 U ----44 r-4a)
ZZ) < z H 1:14 1=4 (a O vlo o O
W a � G4 HH
a � O xx
.� � oUwE-+ w
U) xHU) Cl) w HH a
r.� E-1 w �D < a U) En P
Z:) E-4 Oo + H as H
G4 0
-AB 1665 Assembly Bill -Bill Analysis p
age I of 2
AB 1665
Page 1
ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
AB 1665 (Laird)
As Amended April 25, 2005
Majority vote
WATER, PARKS & WILDLIFE 8-4
APPROPRIATIONS 13-5
I Ayes: I Wolk, Baca, Berg, I Ayes: I Chu, Bass, Berg,
(Bermudez, Matthews, I ICalderon, Mullin,
I Parra, Pavley, Saldana I I Karnette, Klehs, Leno,
Nation, Oropeza,
I i i I Ridley-Thomas, Saldana,
I I I IYee
I I I I I
I Nays: I Villines, Errimerson, Maze, I Nays: I Sharon Runner, Emmerson,
I I I I Haynes, Nakanishi,
I ISharon Runner I (Walters
I I I I I
SUMMARY Changes the name of the Reclamation Board to the
Central Valley Flood Control Board, and requires the Board to
improve safety of Central Valley levees.
EXISTING LAW ' establishes the Reclamation Board to address levee
and flood control issues in the Central Valley.
FISCAL EFFECT : Minor one-time costs (--,-$100,000) for name change
in fiscal year 2005-06 fiscal year. May lead to $2 million in
annual cost pressure for levee improvements.
COMMENTS This bill has been designated as the vehicle to
address Central Valley flood management issues, particularly
finance. As introduced, this bill was the Schwarzenegger
Administration's proposal to create a Central Valley Flood
Control Assessment District, but the author has stripped most of
that language. The author continues to work closely with the
Department of Water Resources (DWR) , local agencies, development
interests, the Central Valley Flood Control Association, and
other flood stakeholders in addressing the current Central
Valley flood management crisis.
ht�p:// .le info.ca. ov/pub/bill/asm/ab-1651-170 /ab 1665_cfa 20050528 101728 asm foor.html 10/2
5/2005
AB 1665 Assembly Bill-Bill Analysis Page 2 of 2
AB 1665
Page 2
As part of current budget deliberations, the Legislature is
considering approval of a tentative flood litigation settlement
totaling $464 million. This settlement arose out of the 2003
Paterno decision by the Court of Appeals, which found the State
liable for a 1986 levee failure along the Yuba River. In
January, DWR issued a "White Paper" recommending various changes
to the State's flood control system. As introduced, this bill
was one of three legislative proposals from the Administration,
based on that White Paper. Because the stakeholder process has
not yet achieved resolution, the author intends to move this
vehicle to the Senate for further work this year.
Analysis Prepared by Alf W. Brandt / W., P. & W. / (916)
319-2096
FN: 0010576
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab 1651-1700/ab 1665—cfa 20050528_101728 asm floor.html 10/25/2005
Senate BW No.264
CHAPTER 583
An act to amend Section 12301 of the Water Code,relating to water.
[Approved by Governor October 6,2005.Filed with
Secretary of State October 6,2005.]
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
SB 264,Machado.Delta Flood Protection Fund.
Existing law establishes the Delta Flood Protection Fund. Under
existing law,the fund is abolished on July 1,2006,and all unencumbered
moneys in the fund are transferred to the General Fund.
This bill would extend the existence of the fund until July 1,2008.
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
SECTION 1. Section 12301 of the Water Code is amended to read-,
12301. The Delta Flood Protection Fund is hereby abolished on July 1,
2008, and all unencumbered moneys in the fund are transferred to the
General Fund.
0
94
SB 264 Senate Bill -Bill Analysis Page 1 of_4
(SENATE RULES COMMITTEE 1 SB 2641
(Office of Senate Floor Analyses I I
11020 N Street, Suite 524 I I
1 (916) 445-6614 Fax: (916)
I I
1327-4478 I I
------------------------------------------------------------
UNFINISHED BUSINESS
Bill No: SB 264
Author. Machado (D)
Amended: 8/25/05
Vote: 21
SENATE NATURAL RESOURCES & WATER COMM. 10-0, 3/29/05
AYES: Kuehl, Margett, Bowen, Dutton, Hollingsworth, Kehoe,
Lowenthal, Machado, Migden, Romero
NO VOTE RECORDED: Aanestad
SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE 11-2, 5/26/05
AYES: Migden, Alarcon, Alquist, Ashburn, Dutton, Escutia,
F1 ore z, Murray, Ortiz, Poochi gi an, Romero
NOES: Aanestad, Battin
SENATE FLOOR 26-10, 5/31/05
AYES: Alarcon, Alquist, Cox, Ducheny, Dunn, Dutton,
Escutia, Figueroa, Florez, Hollingsworth, Kehoe, Kuehl,
Lowenthal, Machado, Maldonado, Margett, Migden, Murray,
Ortiz, Perata, Romero, Scott, Soto, Speier, Torlakson,
Vincent
NOES: Aanestad, Ackerman, Ashburn, Battin, Campbell,
Denham, McClintock, Morrow, Poochigian, Runner
NO VOTE RECORDED: Bowen, Cedillo, Chesbro, Simitian
ASSEMBLY FLOOR 57-21, 8/31/05 - See last page for vote
SUBJECT Delta Flood Protection Fund
SOURCE Author
CONTINUED
0
SB 264
hffp://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/sen/sb 0251-0300/sb 264—cfa 20050901 085022 sen floor.html 10/25/2005
SB.264 Senate Bill-Bill Analysis Page 2 of 4
Page
2
DIGEST - This bill extends the sunsets from July 1, 2006
to July 1, 2008, on the Delta Flood Protection Fund and the
current form of the Delta Levee Maintenance Program.
Assembly Amendments - extend the sunset date from July 1,
2006 to July 1, 2008. As this bill left the Senate, it
extended the date to July 1, 2010.
ANALYSIS : In the Water Code, the Delta Levee Maintenance
Program (program) is drafted in two versions, one
reflecting current law and one that takes effect starting
July 1, 2006, when the current version sunsets. Main
di f f erence s include:
1. Current law (a) allows for reimbursements to eligible
local agencies to be 75 percent for all costs in excess
of $1, 000 per mile of levee work, and (b) allows total
reimbursements to be determined by the Reclamation Board
and the Department of Water Resources (up to $6 million
from the Delta Flood Protection Fund) .
2. If these sections sunset, the second version of this
program already in the Water Code automatically takes
effect. This version (a) reduces the reimbursement rate
in current law to 50 percent instead of 75 percent, and
(b) stipulates that a maximum General Fund reimbursement
for the entire subventions program will not exceed $2
million.
This bill also extends the Delta Flood Protection Fund
(fund) . Existing law states that it is "the intent of the
Legislature to appropriate annually moneys in the Delta
Flood Protection Fund to the department for expenditure and
allocation, without regard to fiscal years" for local
assistance and special flood protection projects.
Specifically, existing law states the intent of the
Legislature to annually appropriate (1) $6 million annually
for local assistance under the delta levee maintenance
subventions program, and (2) $6 million annually for
special delta flood protection projects, including
subsidence studies and monitoring. Existing law limits
these funds to projects on specified locations in the
Delta. Any unencumbered funds revert to the General Fund
SB 264
Page
3
on July 1, 2006 unless the sunset is extended. The fund
balance was $926, 000.
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/sen/sb 0251-03 00/sb 264 2005 0901 08 5 02 2 sen floor.html 10/25/2005
SB 264 Senate Bill-Bill Analysis Page 3 of 4
A
FISCAL EFFECT Appropriation: No Fiscal Com. : Yes
Local: No
SUPPORT (Verified 8/31/05)
Association of California Water Agencies
California Central Valley Flood Control Association
Central Delta Water Agency
Department of Food and Agriculture
ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT According to the author's office,
DWR has launched a multi-year risk assessment study to
evaluate the potential risk of Delta levee failure. In
addition, in response to last year's flooding of Jones
Tract, DWR has begun a comprehensive reassessment of the
Delta levee program that may lead to future changes in
strategy and approach for maintenance and improvement of
Delta levees. Extending the sunset on the Program and Fund
until 2010 allows DWR to complete its studies and to
develop appropriate strategies and approaches for
maintenance and improvement of Delta levees.
ASSEMBLY FLOOR :
AYES: Arambula, Baca, Bass, Benoit, Berg, Bermudez,
Blakeslee, Calderon, Canciamilla, Chan, Chavez, Chu,
Cohn, Coto, Daucher, De La Torre, Dymally, Evans,
Frommer, Garcia, Goldberg, Hancock, Harman, Jerome
Horton, Shirley Horton, Jones, Karnette, Keene, Klehs,
Koretz, Laird, Leno, Levine, Lieber, Liu, Matthews,
Montanez, Mullin, Nakanishi, Nation, Nava, Negrete
McLeod, Niello, Oropeza, Parra, Pavley, Richman,
Ridley-Thomas, Ruskin, Saldana, Salinas, Torrico, Umberg,
Vargas, Wolk, Yee, Nunez
NOES: Aghazarian, Bogh, Cogdill, DeVore, Haynes, Houston,
Huff, La Malfa, La Suer, Leslie, Maze, McCarthy,
Mountjoy, Plescia, Sharon Runner, Spitzer, Strickland,
Tran, Villines, Walters, Wyland
NO VOTE RECORDED: Emmerson, Vacancy
SB 264
Page
4
CTW:mel 9/1/05 Senate Floor Analyses
SUPPORT/OPPOSITION: SEE ABOVE
**** END ****
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/sen/sb 0251-0300/sb 264—cfa 20050901_085022sen floor.html 10/25/2005
AMENDED IN SENATE SEPTEMBER 8,,2005
AMENDED IN SENATE AUGUST 29,2005
AMENDED IN SENATE MAY 12,2005
AMENDED IN SENATE APRIL 26,,2005
AMENDED IN SENATE APRIL 14,2005
AMENDED IN SENATE APRIL 12,,2005
SENATE BILL No. 1024
Introduced by Senators Perata and Torlakson
(Principal coauthors: Senators Migden,Murray,and Soto)
(Coauthors: Senators Alquist,Kehoe,Lowenthal,and Machado)
February 22,2005
An act to add Chapter 12.49(commencing with Section 8879.20)to
Division I of Title 2 of the Government Code, to add Chapter 3.6
(commencing with Section 50535) to Part 2 of Division 31 of the
Health and Safety Code, and to add and repeal Section 2704.21 of,
and to repeal Chapter 20(commencing with Section 2704)of Division
3 of, the Streets and Highways Code, relating to public works and
improvements by providing the funds necessary therefor through the
issuance and sale of bonds of the State of California and by providing
for the handling and disposition of those funds,, making an
appropriation therefor, and declaring the urgency thereof, to take
effect immediately.
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
SB 1024, as amended,, Perata. Public works and improvements:
bond measure.
93
SB 1024 -2-
(1)
Existing law provides various funding sources for transportation
purposes.
This bill would enact the Safe Facilities, Improved Mobility, and
Clean Air Bond Act of 2005 to authorize, ,
$10,275,000,000 in state general obligation bonds for specified
purposes, including the state transportation improvement program,
passenger rail improvements, levee improvements, flood control,
restoration of Proposition 42 transportation funds, port infrastructure
and security projects, trade corridors of significance, emissions
reduction projects, environmental enhancement projects,--�
transit-oriented development, transportation needs in cities, counties,
and cities and counties that meet certain requirements relative to
provisions of housing needs in their communities, and housing,
regional growth, and infill development purposes, subject to voter
approval.
This bill would require the Secretary of State to submit the proposed
bond measure to the voters at the November 71 2006,,election.
This bill would establish the Transit-Oriented Development
Implementation Program, to be administered by the Department of
Housing and Community Development. The bill would create the
Transit-Oriented Development Fund in the State Treasury as a
continuously appropriated fund, thereby making an appropriation,
and would provide for certain moneys to be deposited in the fund.
These provisions would become operative only if the voters approve
the bond act.
This bill would also provide for the repeal of certain provisions of
existing law relating to the High-Speed Passenger Train Bond Actfor
the 21st Century if the voters approve this bond act.
This bill would enact other related provisions.
(2) This bill would declare that it is to take effect immediately as an
urgency statute.
Vote: 2/3. Appropriation: eyes. Fiscal committee: yes.
State-mandated local program: no.
The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
1 SECTION 1. Chapter 12.49 (commencing with Section
2 8879.20) is added to Division 1 of Title 2 of the Government
3 Code,to read:
93
—3 SB 1024
1 CHAPTER 12.49. THE SAFE FACILITIES,IMPROVED MOBILITY,
2 AND CLEAN AIR BOND ACT OF 2005
3
4 Article 1. General Provisions
5 P
6 8879.20. (a) This chapter shall be known as the Safe
7 Facilities,,Improved Mobility, and Clean Air Bond Act of 2005.
8 (b) This chapter shall only become operative upon adoption by
9 the voters at the November 7. 20061 election.
10 8879.21. The Legislature finds and declares all of the
11 following:
12 (a) Between 1970 and 1995,California's population increased
13 60 percent and the number of vehicle miles traveled on the state's
14 highway system increased 170 percent, straining the state's
15 already burdened transportation system and increasing the state's
16 serious congestion problems.
17 (b) The volume of United States trade passing through
18 California's ports in the year 2000 was valued at$439 billion and
19 estimated to be 40 percent of all goods entering the country.
20 Trade in California is estimated to double between now and the
21 year 2020.
22 (c) Congestion in and around California's seaports,, airports,,
23 and other transportation terminals threatens the state's economy,
24 increases traffic problems, and results in poor air quality,
25 particularly in those communities near port and terminal
26 facilities,
27 (d) California is now home to six of the nation's 25 most
28 congested urban areas. Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego,
29 Riverside, San Jose,and Sacramento are on this dubious list.This
30 level of congestion costs Californians millions of dollars in lost
31 time,, lost production, and fuel costs.
32 (e) Despite increased pressures on the state's transportation
33 system, funds intended for investment in the system have not
34 materialized in recent years, delaying capacity and safety
35 improvements.
36 (f) During the 2003-04 and 2004-05 fiscal years, $2.1 billion
37 in funding intended to be transferred to the Transportation
38 Improvement Fund (TIF) was retained in the General Fund.,
39 denying the state's transportation system funds for improvements
93
SB 1024 -4-
1
and obligating the General Fund to repay those dollars in
2 2007-08 and 2008-09.
3 (g) Funding shortfalls do not just impact traditional
4 transportation facilities. According to the Department of Water
5 Resources (DVvrR), the absence of a dedicated funding stream to
6 improve the state's 1,600 miles of levees has forced maintenance
7 to be deferred,thereby jeopardizing the structural integrity of the
8 levees that provide flood protection for 200,000 structures,
9 500,000 people, and two million acres of farm land, estimated to
10 be valued at$47 billion.
I I (h) (1) The recently-completed environmental studies by the
12 High-Speed Rail Authority determined all of the following:
13 (A) By the year 2020, there will be 11 million more people
14 living in California, who will take 100 million more intercity
15 trips, which will clog up our already congested freeways and
16 airports.
17 (B) Anew state-of-the-art high-speed train network serving all
18 major metropolitan areas of the state will best serve the increase
19 in intercity travel demands of the future.
20 (C) The high-speed train network will cost less than one-third
21 of the cost to serve intercity trips on the highways or at the
22 airports.
23 (D) The high-speed train network isfar more safe and reliable
24 than the automobile and the plane.
25 (E) The high-speed train network will be more
26 environmentally friendly, save energy, and reduce air pollution.
27 (F) The high-speed train network will improve the state's
28 economy and create 450,000 permanentjobs in California.
29 (2) Therefore, the construction of the high-speed train network
30 as defined in the authority's final environmental impact report
31 completed in 2005 is a high-priority transportation infrastructure
32 projectfor the state and should be constructed on an incremental
33 basis. This bond measure would provide the funding necessary
34 for the first phase and the next four years of activities that can be
35 accomplished towards building the high-speed train network,
36 while providing rail improvements to improve the flow and
37 enhance the safety of passenger and freight rail services in
38 California.
39 {�}
93
—5 SB 1024
1 (i) Enactment of the Safe Facilities, Improved Mobility and
2 Clean Air Act of 2005 would provide needed investment to make
3 the necessary improvements to relieve traffic congestion,
4 increase mobility, improve the state's trade corridors, strengthen
5 the state's levees, improve air quality, provide *incentives for the
6 production of affordable housing,and keep California's economy
7 strong.
8 8879.22. As used in this chapter,the following terms have the
9 following meanings.
10 (a) "Board" means any department receiving an allocation
11 from the Department of Finance.
12 (b) "Committee" means the Safe Facilities,, Improved
13 Mobility, and Clean Air Finance Committee created pursuant to
14 Section 8879.27,
15 (c) "Fund" means the Safe Facilities, Improved Mobility, and
16 Clean Air Bond Fund of 2005 created pursuant to Section
17 8879.23.
18
19 Article 2. Safe Facilities,Improved Mobility, and Clean Air
20 Bond Fund of 2005 and Program
21
22 8879.23. The Safe Facilities, Improved Mobility, and Clean
23 Air Bond Fund of 2005 is hereby created in the State Treasury.
24 The proceeds of bonds issued and sold pursuant to this chapter
25 for the purposes specified in this chapter are hereby appropriated,
26 without regard to fiscal years; to the Department of Finance for
27 allocation in the following manner:
28 (a) One billion five hundred million dollars ($1,500,000,000)
29 for projects in the State Transportation Improvement Program,to
30 augment funds otherwise available for this purpose from other
31 sources. The funds provided by this subdivision shall be
32 deposited in the Transportation Facilities Account which is
33 hereby created in the fund, and shall be available for
34 appropriation to the Department of Transportation and for
35 allocation by the California Transportation Commission.
36 . 00M -,Loll Lim a:6xaiJaUJx%
37 thweaw nominartna aeat: AC Water Decaptiarees !r- r. a
38 I
-ell.A
39 Jes" I 4mas"aia';levees. Tue ;Gavads alas" 1-oa
tara I ly %&%0a.L6 J-F1%JJ%0%.e L I JL 1`0 JL L&J-JL%4` 13JAc` u%w
4:L%M I ghawap 1�Q0a;1;:6:;0aQ A i1fli; ai—xUioaU ic Jaoa*aoa16:Gx ;"
40 L11%W LJ%eV%0%W X"%,..L.L.LL.L%Oa X-X%eeeuxL wxxxex, -La "e-reuy erecttekx in Ltte
93
SB 1024 -6-
X&P 1
2 4W - , a la
3
4 MMA "I L" Wu%w i "I `uub -L"0 &,w w%w F-L%J v I
5 -c'..0040 00a"G*AW I I lam t .0.a a4LOW L"WJA& JL%0%0 A%WVWAAL-L%WO1p %;LJLJL%OL AMUO
6 ;LGLab"m kalas ar asaw;
7 (b) (1) On billion dollars ($1,000,000,000)shall be deposited
8 in the Flood Control Account, which is hereby created in the
9 fund. The money in the account shall be available to the
10 Department of Water Resources, the State Reclamation Board, or
11 any successor agency, upon appropriation by the Legislature,for
12 the inspection, evaluation, improvement, construction,
13 modification, and relocation of flood control levees, weirs, or
14 bypasses constructed in cooperation with the United States,
15 including related environmental mitigations and related
16 infrastructure relocations.
17 (2) The Legislature may enact any legislation as is necessary
18 to implement this subdivision.
19 (c) Two billion three hundred million dollars($2,300,000,000)
20 for restoration of Proposition 42 (Article XIX B)revenues, to be
21 deposited in the Proposition 42 Repayment Account, which is
22 hereby created in the fund. Money deposited in the account shall
23 be used by the Controller, in lieu of moneys from the General
24 Fund,, to meet the transfer obligations to the Transportation
25 Deferred Investment Fund specified in Sections 7105 and 7106
26 of the Revenue and Taxation Code as a result of suspending the
27 transfer of moneys from the General Fund to the Transportation
28 Investment Fund pursuant to Sections 14557.1 and 14558 of the
29 Government Code with respect to the 2003-04 and 2004-05,fiscal
30 years.Funds deposited in the Transportation Deferred Investment
31 Fund shall be allocated as provided in Sections 7105 and 7106 of
32 the Revenue and Taxation Code as those sections read on
33 January 1,2005.
34 (d) Two billion five hundred million dollars ($2,500,000,000)
35 to be deposited in the California Ports Infrastructure, Security,
36 and Air Quality Improvement Account, which is hereby created
37 in the fund. The money in the account shall be available as
38 follows:
39 (1) Two billion dollars($2,000,000,000)shall be transferred to
40 the Global Gateways Improvement Fund, which is hereby
93
—7 SB 1024
1 created. The money in this fund shall be available for allocation
2 by the California Transportation Commission for infrastructure
3 improvements along federally-designated "Trade Corridors of
4 National Significance" in this state or along other corridors
5 within this state that have a high volume of freight movement,as
6 determined by the commission. Applicants for these funds shall
7 provide matching funds from other revenues, in a percentage
8 amount to be determined by the commission. In determining
9 projects eligible for funding, the commission shall consult the
10 Global Gateways Development Program report prepared by the
11 Business, Transportation and Housing Agency pursuant to SCR
12 96 (Resolution Chapter 158, Statutes of 2000) or trade corridor
13 improvement projects identified in an approved regional
14 transportation plan. Eligible projects for these funds include all
15 of the following:
16 (A) Highway capacity improvements and operational
17 improvements to more efficiently accommodate the movement of
18 freight,particularly for ingress and egress to and from the state's
19 seaports, land ports of entry, and airports, and to relieve traffic
20 congestion along major trade or goods movement corridors.
21 (B) Freight rail system improvements to enhance the ability to
22 move goods from seaports, land ports of entry, and airports to
23 warehousing and distribution centers throughout California,
24 including projects that separate rail lines from highway traffic
25 and other projects that improve the efficiency and capacity of the
26 rail freight system.
27 (C) Projects to enhance the capacity and efficiency of ports.
28 (2) Four hundred million dollars ($400,000,000) shall be
29 available for transfer to the Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality
30 Standards Attainment Trust Fund, created pursuant to Section
31 44299 of the Health and Safety Code.Funds under this paragraph
32 shall be available for allocation by the State Air Resources Board
33 to reduce covered emissions from a covered source, as those
34 terms are defined in paragraphs (5) and (7) of subdivision (a) of
35 Section 44275 of the Health and Safety Code,relative to sources
36 used primarily in the operations of ports in this state.
37 (3) One hundred million dollars ($100,000,000) shall be
3 8 available to the California Infrastructure and Economic
39 Development Bank to be allocated, as grants, for port, harbor,
40 and ferry terminal security improvements. The money made
93
SB 1024 -8-
1
8-
1 available under this paragraph shall be continuously appropriated
2 to the bank without regard to fiscal years. Eligible applicants
3 shall be publicly owned ports, harbors, and ferry boat and ferry
4 terminal operators, which may submit applications for the
5 following types of projects:
6 (A) Video surveillance equipment.
7 (B) Explosives detection technology, including, but not
8 limited to,X-ray devices.
9 (C) Cargo scanners.
10 (D) Radiation monitors.
I I (E) Thermal protective equipment.
12 (F) Site identification instruments capable of providing a
13 fingerprint for a broad inventory of chemical agents.
14 (G) Other devices capable of detecting weapons of mass
15 destruction using chemical, biological, or other similar
16 substances.
17 (I- ) Other security equipment to assist in any of the following:
18 (i) Screening of incoming vessels and incoming or outbound
19 cargo.
20 (ii) Monitoring the physical perimeters of harbors, ports, and
21 ferry terminals.
22 (iii) Providing or augmenting onsite emergency response
23 capability.
24 (I) Overweight cargo detection equipment, including, but not
25 limited to,intermodal crane scales and truck weight scales.
26 (J) Developing disaster preparedness or emergency response
27 plans.
28 (e) One hundred million dollars ($100,000,000) to be
29 deposited in the Transportation Project Enhancement and
30 Mitigation Account, which is hereby created in the fund. The
31 money in the account shall be available for transfer to the
32 Environmental Enhancement and Mitigation Program Fund
33 created pursuant to Section 164.56 of the Streets and Highways
34 Code, for allocation to projects pursuant to that section.
35 (f) (1) Four hundred twenty-five million dollars($425,000,000)
36 to be deposited in the Affordable Housing Incentive Program
37 Account,, which is hereby created in the fund. Funds shall be
38 available, upon appropriation, to the California Transportation
39 Commission for the purpose of providing transportation funding
40 grants, upon application, to cities, counties, and cities and
93
—9 SB 1024
1 counties that meet a significant portion of their overall and
2 affordable housing needs. In order to be eligible for funds
3 pursuant to this subdivision, a city, county, or city and county
4 shall meet all of the following criteria:
5 (A) The city, county, or city and county has adopted a revised
6 housing element in accordance with Section 65588 that the
7 Department of Housing and Community Development has
8 determined pursuant to Section 65585 to be in substantial
9 compliance with the requirements of Article 10.6 (commencing
10 with Section 65580)of Chapter 3 of Division 1 of Title 7.For the
11 purposes of this paragraph, an adopted housing element that has
12 been self-certified pursuant to Section 65585.1 shall be deemed
13 to have been approved by the department, unless a court finds
14 that the jurisdiction's housing element does not substantially
15 comply with that article.
16 (B) The city, county, or city and county has met, as
17 determined by the Department of Housing and Community
18 Development in accordance with the forms and definitions
19 determined by the department pursuant to Section 65400, at least
20 80 percent of its annualized overall housing need during the
21 preceding year or 80 percent of its overall housing need from the
22 beginning of the planning period, as determined pursuant to
23 Section 65584.
24 (C) The city, county, or city and county has met, as
25 determined by the Department of Housing and Community
26 Development in accordance with the forms and definitions
27 determined by the department pursuant to Section 65400,, at least
28 30 percent of its annualized housing need for each of the very
29 low,, low-, and moderate-income categories during the preceding
30 year or 30 percent of its overall housing need in each of the very
31 low, low-, and moderate-income categories from the beginning
32 of the planning period, as determined pursuant to Section 65584.
33 (2) The Department of Housing and Community Development
34 shall report annually to the California Transportation
35 Commission a list of cities,, counties,, or cities and counties that
36 have met the requirements of paragraph(1).
37 (3) The California Transportation Commission shall award
38 funds available under this section over a five-year period.
39 (4) Funds awarded pursuant to this section shall be used for
40 improvements to neighborhood streets and roads. Improvements,
U.0
93
SB 1024 -10-
I as used in this paragraph, mean those activities described in
2 subdivision (e) of Section 7104 of the Revenue and Taxation
3 Code.
4 (g) Nine hundred seventy-five million dollars ($9 75,000,000)
5 to be deposited in the Regional Housing and Community Growth
6 Incentive Account, which is hereby created in the fund. The
7 money in the account shall be available as follows:
8 (1) Twenty five million dollars ($25,000,000) shall be
9 available to the secretary for grants for the development of
10 regional growth plans in accordance with the following
11 schedule:
12 (A) Grants to regional agencies with a population of one
13 million or more:fifteen million dollars ($15,000,000).
14 (B) Grants to regional agencies with a population of under
15 one million: ten million dollars ($10,000,000).
16 (2) Seventy five million dollars ($75,000,000) shall be
17 available to the secretary for grants to regional agencies for the
18 establishment of revolving funds and for grants, to pay the costs
19 incurred by local governments within the region to identify,
20 review, and adopt any land use policies including amendments to
21 general plans, community or neighborhood plans, zoning codes,
22 subdivision codes, guidelines or planning policies necessary to
23 authorize urban infill development in an area designatedfor that
24 development in a regional growth plan. Eligible costs include
25 those associated with compliance with Division 13 (commencing
26 with Section 21000) of the Public Resources Code and costs
27 necessary to conduct public outreach programs and facilitate
28 citizen involvement in the plan development and approval
29 process. Anyfees recovered from project applicants that benefit
30 from the plans and environmental review funded under this
31 subdivision shall be transferred to the regional agency for use
32 for the purposes of this subdivision or returned to the state at
33 such time and under such terms as the secretary determines that
34 further use of loanfundsfor these purposes is not required.
35 (3) Two hundred million dollars ($200,000,000) shall be
36 available to the Secretary of Resources for competitive grants
37 based on regional growth plans as follows:
38 (A) Grants shall befor the acquisition of wildlife habitat, open
39 space, and easements on agricultural land consistent with an
40 adopted and certified regional growth plan that contains a
93
SB 1024
1 resource conservation element that analyzes and identifies
2 mitigation for significant impacts on those resources considered
3 in the regional growth plan.
4 (B) The regional agency may allow project applicants whose
5 projects conform to the regional growth strategy to mitigate all
6 or a portion of their impacts on wildlife habitat, agricultural
7 lands and open space by payment of a fee, equal to the
8 proportional impacts of the project.
9 (C) The Secretary of Resources shall award grants pursuant to
10 this paragraph based on the applicant's demonstration, as
11 reviewed by the appropriate department within the Resources
12 Agency, that the grant will promote the following:
13 (1) Long term sustainable protection of wildlife habitat,
14 wildlife corridors, and prime agricultural land within the region.
15 (ii) The use of the grant funds will assist in the implementation
16 of land use policies of the regional growth plan, state planning
17 priorities specified pursuant to Section 65041.1 of the
18 Government Code, and with state policies for regional growth
19 that are consistent with those priorities, including the provisions
20 of SB 832 of the 2005-06 Regular Session, if that legislation is
21 enacted.
22 (iii) The use of the grant funds is consistent with other wildlife
23 protection plans and strategies within the region including any
24 natural community conservation plans, habitat conservation
25 plans, state approved open space plans, or other regional
26 conservation plans.
27 (iv) Project applicants are required to pay afee equal to their
28 proportional impacts.
29 (v) All fees paid pursuant to paragraph (iv) are used by the
30 regional agencies for additional conservation projects consistent
31 with the provisions of this paragraph or are returned to the state
32 under such terms as the secretary shall determine.
33 (D) No grant shall be made until an implementing agreement
34 has been executed between the secretary and the regional agency
35 that includes:
36 (i) Provisions identifying the conservation goals, scope and
37 geographical coverage of the plan.
38 (ii) Provisions identifying which public agencies or nonprofit
39 organizations will be responsible for acquisition, management,
40 and monitoring of conservation lands and easements under the
93
SB 1024 -12-
1 grant. To the extent feasible, public agencies responsible for
2 similar conservation activities should be used wherever that
3 capacity already exists in the region.
4 (iii) Provisions to ensure the monitoring of easements and the
5 protection of habitat values on lands acquired.
6 (iv) Provisionsfor the determination of mitigation credits and
7 fees, where applicable, and for the use of fees for additional
8 conservation expenditures under the plan.
9 (E) The secretary may impose such other conditions as are
10 necessary to meet the goals of this subdivision.
11 (4) (A) Four hundred twenty-five million dollars
12 ($425,000,000)shall be available to the secretary for competitive
13 infill incentive grants to local public agencies that meet the
14 following criteria:
15 (i) The local public agency is included in a regional growth
16 plan.
17 (ii) The local public agency has conformed its local planning
18 to the regional growth plan by adopting any land use policies
19 including amendments to its general plan, community or
20 neighborhood plans, zoning codes, subdivision codes,guidelines
21 and polices necessary to provide for growth in those areas
22 designated for urban development and prohibiting or limiting
23 growth in those areas designated for other than urban uses
24 consistent with the regional growth plan.
25 (iii) The region meets the requirements for local plan
26 consistency for that round of grantfunding.
27 (B) Grants pursuant to this paragraph shall be issued in four
28 annual grant cycles beginning two years after the enactment of
29 this chapter. To be eligible for a grant cycle, local public
30 agencies covering not less than the percentage of population in
31 the applicable region specified below must have met the
32 requirements of paragraph (ii). Conformity requirements for
33 each cycle are as follows:
34 (i) Grant cycle 1: 25 percent.
35 (ii) Grant cycle 2: 50percent.
36 (iii) Grant cycle 3: 75 percent.
37 (iv) Grant cycle 4: 90percent.
38 (C) The secretary shall establish additional criteria for the
39 award of infill incentive grants to local agencies based on the
40 degree to which the grants will assist the local public agency in
93
-13— SB 1024
1 increasing infill development and urban revitalization in an area
2 designated by the regionalgrowth planfor such development.
3 (D) Grant funds may be used for any capital outlay purpose
4 consistent with this subdivision including, but not limited to:
5 (i) Creation, development and rehabilitation of urban parks,
6 river parkways, and other public recreational facilities.
7 (ii) Urban greening projects including tree planting,
8 community landscaping and other improvements to enhance the
9 enjoyment and livability of urban neighborhoods.
10 (iii) Water, sewer, or other public utility infrastructure costs
11 associated with infill development.
12 (iv) Street, road or other transportation improvements
13 including transit improvements, bikeways, trolleys, and
14 pedestrian facilities.
15 (5) Two hundred million dollars ($200,000,000) shall be
16 transferred to the Housing Rehabilitation Loan Fund to be
17 expended pursuant to the Multifamily Housing Program
18 authorized by Chapter 6.7 (commencing with Section 50675) of
19 Part 2 of Division 31 of the Health and Safety Code to be used
20 for projects that meet either of the following criteria:
21 (A) The project is located in an area designated for infill
22 development by a regional growth plan.
23 (B) The project qualifies for an exemption from the California
24 Environmental Quality Act pursuant to Sections 21159.22,A
25 21159.23, or 21159.24 o the Public Resources Code.
)f
26 (6) Fifty million dollars ($50,000,000) shall be transferred to
27 the Orphan Share Reimbursement Trust Fund to be expended by
28 the administrator pursuant to the provisions of the Orphan Share
29 Reimbursement Trust Fund established pursuant to Article 7.8
30 (commencing with section 25390) of Chapter 6.8 of Division 20
31 o the Health and Safety Code to be used for projects that are
)f
32 located in an area designated for infill development by a
33 regional growth plan.
34 (7) The following definitions apply to this subdivision:
35 (A) "Secretary" means the Secretary of Business,
36 Transportation and Housing.
37 (B) "Neighborhood plan YJV means a plan that meets the
38 requirements of Section 65458 of the Government Code.
39 (C) "Regional agency" means a federally designated
40 metropolitan planning organization, or a council ofgovernments
93
SB 1024
1 working with a metropolitan planning organization,for a region
2 with a population of greater than one million. It is the intent of
3 the Legislature that standards and procedures for the
.4 designation of regional agencies in areas of less than one million
5 in population shall be enacted by statute not later than January,
6 2007.
7 (D) "Regional Growth Plan" is a plan that meets the
8 requirements established in Section 65099 of the Government
9 Codeforplanning or incentive grants.
10 (E) "Infill development" means residential or mixed
11 commercial and residential development on an infill site as
12 defined in Section 21061.5 of the Public Resources Code, or in
13 an area of an incorporated city that is predominantly developed
14 with qualified urban uses and which has been designated for
15 infill development by a regional growth plan.
16 (h) (1) Two hundred million dollars ($200,000,000) shall be
17 deposited in the Flood Control Matching Account, which is
18 hereby created in the fund. The money in the account shall be
19 available to the Department of Water Resourcesfor the purposes
20 of funding the state's share of the nonfederal costs of flood
21 control and flood prevention projects adopted and authorized as
22 of January 1, 1999, under the State Water Resources Law of
23 1945 (Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 12570) and Chapter
24 2 (commencing with Section 12639) of Part 6 of Division 6 of the
25 Water Code), the Flood Control Law of 1946 (Chapter 3
26 (commencing with Section 12800) of Part 6 of Division 6 of the
27 Water Code), and the California Watershed Protection and
28 Flood Prevention Law (Chapter 4 (commencing with Section
29 12850) of Part 6 of Division 6 of the Water Code), including the
30 credits and loans to local agencies pursuant to Sections 12585.3
31 and 12585.4, subdivision (d) of Section 12585.5, and Sections
32 12866.3 and 12866.4 of the Water Code, and to implement
33 Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 12840) of Part 6 of
34 Division 6 of the Water Code.
35 (Z) It is the intent of the Legislature that the state's share of
36 the nonfederal costs of projects for flood control and flood
37 prevention adopted and authorized after January 1, 2001, shall
38 not exceed that portion of the nonfederal costs authorized
39 pursuant to Chapter 1, (commencing with Section 12570)of Part
40 6 of Division 6 of the Water Code, or any amendments thereto.
93
-15— SB 1024
1 (1) One billion dollars ($1,000,000,000) to be deposited in
2 the California Rail Corridor Improvement Account, which is
3 hereby created in the fund. Funds shall be available, upon
4 appropriation by the Legislature, to the High-Speed Rail
5 Authority created pursuant to Division 19.5 (commencing with
6 Section 185000) of the Public Utilities Code, without regard to
7 fiscal year,for expenditure pursuant to paragraph (2).
8 (2) Funds made available pursuant to this subdivision shall be
9 expended for the following specific corridor segments and
10purposes:
11 (A) Two hundred million dollars ($200,000,000)for the Los
12 Angeles-Irvine segment of the LOSSAN corridor, for
13 project-specific level environmental studies, planning,
14 engineering, right-of-way acquisition, and construction of grade
15 separations, bridges, and tracks. The authority shall develop a
16 consolidated rail plan for the development of passenger rail
17 services in the portion of the LOSSAN corridor between Los
18 Angeles and Irvine. The plan shall formulate strategies to
19 integrate commuter and intercity passenger rail systems and
20 existing rail freight services operating in the corridor segment,
21 improve interfaces with connecting services, and coordinate
22 investments with transit-supportive land use. The plan shall be
23 developed in cooperation with the Los Angeles County
24 Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) and the Orange
25 County Transportation Authority (OCTA). The authority shall
26 provide day-to-day management and technical support for the
27 development of the plan with advice from MTA and OCTA, with
28 input from other Los Angeles and Orange County transportation
29 agencies, the Department of Transportation, Amtrak, railroad
30 freight operators, any other affected agencies, and the general
31 public. The funds may not be used for any right-of-way or
32 construction projects or activity until the final consolidated rail
33
P lan is adopted by the authority, MTA, and OCTA.,
34 (B) Two hundred million (,$200,000,000) for the Los
35 Angeles-Riverside-San Diego corridor segment, for
36 project-specific level environmental studies, planning,
37 engineering, right-of-way acquisition, and construction of grade
38 separations, bridges, and tracks. The authority shall develop a
39 consolidated rail plan for the development of passenger rail
40 services in the corridor segment between Los Angeles and
93
SB 1024 -16-
1 Riverside. The plan shall formulate strategies to integrate
2 commuter and intercity passenger rail systems and existing rail
3 freight services operating in the corridor segment, improve
4 interfaces with connecting services, and coordinate investments
5 with transit-supportive land use. The plan shall be developed in
6 cooperation with the Los Angeles County Metropolitan
7 Transportation Authority (MTA) and the Riverside County
8 Transportation Commission (ROTC). The authority shall provide
9 day-to-day management and technical support for the
10 development of the plan with advice from MTA and ROTC, with
11 input from other Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Riverside
12 County transportation agencies, the Department of
13 Transportation, Amtrak, railroad freight operators, any other
14 affected agencies, and the general public. The funds may not be
15 used for any right-of-way or construction projects or activity
16 until the final consolidated rail plan is adopted bY the authority,
17 MTA, and ROTC.
18 (C) Two hundred million dollars ($200,000,000)for the Los
19 Angeles-Palmdale-Bakersfield corridor segment, for
20 project-specific level environmental studies, planning,
21 engineering, right-of-way acquisition, and construction of grade
22 separations, bridges, and tracks.
23 (D) Two hundred million dollars ($200,000,000) for the
24 Bakersfield-Merced corridor segment,for project-specific level
25 environmental studies, planning, engineering, right-of-way
26 acquisition, and construction of grade separations, bridges, and
27 tracks.
28 (E) Two hundred million dollars ($200,000,000) for the
29 Merced-Bay Area corridor segment, for project-specific level
30 environmental studies, planning, engineering, right-of-way
31 acquisition, and construction of grade separations, bridges, and
32 tracks.
33 (3) The authority may transfer funds between the corridor
34 segments identified in paragraph (2) if all of the following
35 conditions are met:
36 (A) The availability of matching funds in a particular corridor
37 segment will result in a lower cost to the state for the
38 construction of the entire network.
39 (B) Yhetotalamountof transfers does not exceed two hundred
40 million dollars ($200,000,000).
93
-17— SB 1024
1 (C) Not more than one-third of the funds specified in
2 paragraph (2)for any corridor segment are transferred
3 (4) The authority may not use funds made available under this
4 subdivision for right-of-way acquisition or construction in the
5 Los Angeles-Irvine or Los Angeles-Riverside corridor segments
6 until a consolidated rail plan is adopted pursuant to paragraph
7 (2). If a consolidated rail plan has not been adopted by 2010, the
8 authority may transfer funds from a corridor segment that lacks
9 an adopted plan to another corridor segment. That transfer shall
10 not be subject to the conditions of paragraph (3).
11 (5) Notwithstanding paragraph (2), the authority may use the
12 funds made available pursuant to paragraph (2)for the following
13 additional purposes without regard to corridor segment:
14 (A) Matching federal funds made available for high-speed
15 train purposes not specified in paragraph (2).
16 (B) Planning, development, certification, and selection of a
17 high-speed train system, including, but not limited to, rolling
18 stock, signal systems, and electric power systems.
19 (6) As used in this subdivision, the following terms have the
20 following meanings:
21 (A) "Authority"means the High-Speed Rail Authority.
22 (B) "High-speed train network." means the tracks, stations,
23 rolling stock, and related facilities that are necessary for the
24 operation of the high-speed train service as is further defined
25 under the preferred alternatives section in the program level
26 environmental report issued by the authority in 2005.
27 (C) "High-speed train project" means all activities that are
28 necessary for the construction and operation of the high-speed
29 train network.
174
30 (j) Two hundred seventy-five million on dollars( 275,000,000) to
31 be deposited in the Transit-Oriented Development Account,
32 which is hereby created in the fund, for transfer to the
33 Transit-Oriented Development Implementation Fund, for
34 expenditure pursuant to the Transit-Oriented Development
35 Implementation Program authorized by Chapter 3.6
36 (commencing with Section 50535) of Part 2 of Division 31 of the
37 Health and Safety Code.
93
SB 1024 —18
1 Article 3. Fiscal Provisions
2
3 8879.25. Bonds in the total amount o ten billion-eight
Lalle"a 49:3 22C 0150 ON) two
4 16aamAred An-pelm"'-p "we rn;]];- k4p I
LA L41A%AJL%01%4 L VV%W1JLLJ-JLI V LJA1LJ-L%JLA %.&%JZAC4JL a
5 hundred seventy-five million dollars ($10,275,000,000),
6 exclusive of refunding bonds,or so much thereof as is necessary,
7 are hereby authorized to be issued and sold for carrying out the
8 purposes expressed in this chapter and to reimburse the General
9 Obligation Bond Expense Revolving Fund pursuant to Section
10 16724.5. All bonds herein authorized which have been duly sold
11 and delivered as provided herein shall constitute valid and legally
12 binding general obligations of the state, and the full faith and
13 credit of the state is hereby pledged for the punctual payment of
14 both principal and interest thereof.
15 8879.26. The bonds authorized by this chapter shall be
16 prepared, executed, issued, sold,paid, and redeemed as provided
17 in the State General Obligation Bond Law (Chapter 4
18 (commencing with Section 16720) of Part 3 of Division 4),
19 except Section 16727, and all of the other provisions of that law
20 as amended from time to time apply to the bonds and to this
21 chapter and are hereby incorporated in this chapter as though set
22 forth in full in this chapter.
23 8879.27. (a) Solely for the purpose of authorizing the
24 issuance and sale,pursuant to the State General Obligation Bond
25 Law, Safe Facilities,
of the bonds authorized by this chapter, the
26 Improved Mobility, and Clean Air Finance Committee is hereby
27 created. For the purposes of this chapter, the Safe Facilities,
28 Improved Mobility, and Clean Air Finance Committee is "the
29 committee" as that term is used in the State General Obligation
30 Bond Law. The committee consists of the Treasurer., the
31 Controller, the Director of Finance, and the Secretary of the
32 Business,, Transportation and Housing Agency, or a designated
33 representative of each of those officials. The Treasurer shall
34 serve as the chairperson of the committee. A majority of the
35 committee may act for the committee.
36 (b) The committee may adopt guidelines establishing
37 requirements for administration of its financing programs to the
38 extent necessary to protect the validity of, and tax exemption for,
39 interest on the bonds. The guidelines shall not constitute rules,
40 regulations, orders, or standards of general application.
93
-19- SB 1024
1 (c) For the purposes of the State General Obligation Bond
2 Law,, any department receiving an allocation from the
3 Department of Finance is designated to be the"board."
4 8879.28. Upon request of the board stating that funds are
5 needed for purposes of this chapter, the committee shall
6 determine whether or not it is necessary or desirable to issue
7 bonds authorized pursuant to this chapter in order to carry out the
8 actions specified in Section 8879.23, and, if so, the amount of
9 bonds to be issued and sold. Successive issues of bonds may be
10 authorized and sold to carry out those actions progressively, and
11 be sold at any one time. Bonds may bear interest subject to
12 federal income tax.
13 8879.29. There shall be collected annually, in the same
14 manner and at the same time as other state revenue is collected,,a
15 sum of money in addition to the ordinary revenues of the state,
16 sufficient to pay the principal of, and interest on, the bonds as
17 provided herein, and all officers required by law to perform any
18 duty in regard to the collections of state revenues shall collect
19 that additional sum.
20 8879.30. Notwithstanding Section 13340, there is hereby
21 appropriated from the General Fund in the State Treasury, for the
22 purposes of this chapter,an amount that will equal the total of the
23 following:
24 (a) The sum annually necessary to pay the principal of, and
25 interest on,bonds issued and sold pursuant to this chapter, as the
26 principal and interest become due and payable.
27 (b) The sum which is necessary to carry out Section 8879.32,
28 appropriated without regard to fiscal years.
29 8879.31. The board may request the Pooled Money
30 Investment Board to make a loan from the Pooled Money
31 Investment Account,, in accordance with Section 16312,, for
32 purposes of this chapter. The amount of the request shall not
33 exceed the amount of the unsold bonds which the committee has,
34 by resolution, authorized to be sold for the purpose of this
35 chapter,less any amount withdrawn pursuant to Section 8879.32.
36 The board shall execute any documents as required by the Pooled
37 Money Investment Board to obtain and repay the loan. Any
38 amount loaned shall be deposited in the fund to be allocated in
39 accordance with this chapter.
93
SB 1024 20
1 8879.32. For the purpose of carrying out this chapter, the
2 Director of Finance may, by executive order, authorize the
3 withdrawal from the General Fund of any amount or amounts not
4 to exceed the amount of the unsold bonds which the committee
5 has, by resolution, authorized to be sold for the purpose of
6 carrying out this chapter. Any amounts withdrawn shall be
7 deposited in the Safe Facilities, Improved Mobility, and Clean
8 Air Bond Fund of 2005. Any money made available under this
9 section shall be returned to the General Fund, plus the interest
10 that the amounts would have earned in the Pooled Money
11 Investment Account, from money received from the sale of
12 bonds which would otherwise be deposited in that fund.
13 8879.33. The bonds may be refunded in accordance with
14 Article 6 (commencing with Section 16780) of the State General
15 Obligation Bond Law. Approval by the electors of this act shall
16 constitute approval of any refunding bonds issued pursuant to the
17 State General Obligation Bond Law.
18 8879.34. Notwithstanding any provisions in the State General
19 Obligation Bond Law, the maximum maturity of any bonds
20 authorized by this chapter shall not exceed 30 years from the date
21 of each respective series. The maturity of each series shall be
22 calculated from the date of each series.
23 8879,35. The Legislature hereby finds and declares that,
24 inasmuch as the proceeds from the sale of bonds authorized by
25 this chapter are not "proceeds of taxes" as that term is used in
26 Article XIII B of the California Constitution,the disbursement of
27 these proceeds is not subject to the limitations imposed by that
28 article.
29 8879.36.. Notwithstanding any provision of the State General
30 Obligation Bond Law with regard to the proceeds from the sale
31 of bonds authorized by this chapter that are subject to investment
32 under Article 4 (commencing with Section 16470) of Chapter 3
33 of Part 2 of Division 4. the Treasurer may maintain a separate
34 account for investment earnings, order the payment of those
35 earnings to comply with any rebate requirement applicable under
36 federal law, and may otherwise direct the use and investment of
37 those proceeds so as to maintain the tax-exempt status of those
3 8 bonds and to obtain any other advantage under federal law on
39 behalf of the funds of this state.
93
-21- SB 1024
1 SEC. 1.3. Chapter 3.6 (commencing with Section 50535) is
2 added to Part 2 of Division 31 of the Health and Safety Code, to
3 read:
4
5 CHAPTER 3.6. TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT
6 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM
7
8 50535. There is hereby established the Transit-Oriented
9 Development Implementation Program, to be administered by the
10 Department of Housing and Community Development, to provide
11 local assistance to cities, counties, cities and counties, transit
12 agencies, and developers for the purpose of developing or
13 facilitating the development of higher density uses within close
14 proximity to transit stations that will increase public transit
15 ridership.
16 50535.1. (a) There is hereby created in the State Treasury
17 the Transit-Oriented Development Implementation Fund.
18 (b) Notwithstanding Section 13340 of the Government Code,
19 all money in the fund, including any interest on loans made from
20 the fund, is hereby continuously appropriated to the department
21 for the purpose of carrying out this chapter.
22 (c) All interest, dividends., and pecuniary gains from
23 investments or deposits of moneys in the fund shall accrue to the
24 fund, notwithstanding Section 16305.7 of the Government Code.
25 There shall be paid into the fund all of the following:
26 (1) Any moneys appropriated and made available by the
27 Legislaturefor thepurposes of the fund.
28 (2) Any moneys that the department receives in repayment of
29 loans made from the fund, including any interest on loans made
30 from the fund.
31 (3) Any other moneys that may be made available to the
32 department for the purposes of this chapter from any other
33 source.
34 50535.2. (a) To the extent that funds are available, the
35 department shall make grants to cities, counties, cities and
36 counties, or transit agencies for the provision of infrastructure
37 necessary for the development of higher density uses within close
38 proximity to a transit station, or to facilitate connections between
39 that development and the station.
93
SB 1024 -22-
1
22-1 (b) To the extent that funds are available, the department shall
2 make loans for the development and construction of a housing
3 development project within close proximity to a transit station.
4 To be eligible for a loan, at least 15 percent of the units in the
5 proposed development shall be made available at an affordable
6 rent or at an affordable housing cost to persons of very low or
7 low incomefor at least SS years.Developments assisted pursuant
8 to this subdivision shall be on parcels at least a portion of which
9 are located within one-quarter mile of a transit station. A
10 housing development project may include a mixed-use
I I development consisting of residential and nonresidential uses.
12 (c) As used in this chapter, "transit station" shall have the
13 same meaning as defined in subdivision (b)of Section 65460.1 of
14 the Government Code.
15 50535.3. (a) In ranking applications pursuant to this
16 chapter, the department shall, among other criteria, consider the
17 extent to which the project or development-will increase public
18 transit ridership and minimize automobile trips.
19 (b) The department shall also grant bonus points to projects or
20 developments that are within the boundaries of a transit village
21 development plan adopted pursuant to the Transit Village
22 Development Planning Act of 1994 (Article 8.5 (commencing
23 with Section 65460) of Chapter 3 of Division 1 of Title 7 of the
24 Government Code) or that are in an area designated by the
25 appropriate council of governments for infill development as part
26 of a regional plan.
27 50535.4. (a) The department may use up to S percent of the
28 funds appropriated for the purposes of this chapter for its costs
29 in administering the programs authorized by this chapter.
30 (b) The department may administer the programs pursuant to
31 guidelines that shall not be subject to the requirements of
32 Chapter 3.S (commencing with Section 11340) of Division 3 of
33 Title 2 of the Government Code.
34 50535.5. This chapter shall become operative only if the
35 voters approve the Safe Facilities,Improved Mobility, and Clean
36 Air Bond Act of 2005J. as contained in S.B. 1024 of the 2005-06
37 Regular Session.
38 SEC. 1.7. Section 2704.21 is added to the Streets and
39 Highways Code, to read:
93
-23- SB 1024
1 2704.21. If the voters approve the Safe Facilities, Improved
2 Mobility, and Clean Air Bond Act of 2005, as contained in SB
3 1024 of the 2005-06 Regular Session, this chapter shall be
4 repealed on the date of that approval, and no bonds shall be sold
5 pursuant to this chapter, and, notwithstanding any other
6 provision of law, the bond act that is the subject of this chapter
7 shall not be placed on the ballot if it has not yet appeared on a
8 ballot.
9 SEC. 2. Section 1 of this act shall become operative upon
10 adoption by the voters of the Safe Facilities, Improved Mobility,
11 and Clean Air Bond Act of 2005, as set forth in Section 1 of this
12 act.
13 SEC. 3. (a) Notwithstanding Sections 9040, 9043, 9044,
14 9061, and 9094 of the Elections Code, or any other provision of
15 law,, the Secretary of State shall submit Section 1 of this act to
16 the voters at the November 7,2006,election.
17 (b) The Secretary of State shall ensure the placement of
18 Section 1 of this act on the November 7, 2006, election ballot, in
19 substantial compliance with any statutory time requirements
20 applicable to the submission of statewide measures to the voters
21 at a statewide election.
22 (c) The Secretary of State shall include, in the ballot pamphlet
23 mailed pursuant to Section 9094 of the Elections Code, the
24 information specified in Section 9084 of that code regarding the
25 bond act contained in Section 1 of this act.
26 SEC. 4. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all
27 ballots shall have printed thereon and in a square thereof,, the
28 words: " Safe Facilities,,Improved Mobility, and Clean Air Bond
29 Act of 2005," and in the same square under those words, the
30 following in 8-point type: "This act provides for a bond issue of
31 seven la;]Uon a;"1%4; Laaaa J1PP J 4�%;K;a*a 4--F Z x;" Gaq;U;--� ij I:%I
32 ten billion two hundred seventy-five million
33 dollars ($10,275,000,000) to provide funds for an essential
34 public works facilities retrofit program."' Opposite the square,
35 there shall be left spaces in which the voters may place a cross in
36 the manner required by law to indicate whether they vote for or
37 against the act.
38 Where the voting in the election is done by means of voting
39 machines used pursuant to law in the manner that carries out the
40 intent of this section, the use of the voting machines and the
93
SB 1024 -24-
1 expression of the voters' choice by means thereof are in
2 compliance with this section.
3 SEC. 5. This act is an urgency statute necessary for the
4 immediate preservation of the public peace, health, or safety
5 within the meaning of Article IV of the Constitution and shall go
6 into immediate effect. The facts constituting the necessity are:
7 In order for this act to be submitted to voters at the earliest
8 possible time, it is necessary for this act to take effect
9 immediately.
O
93
Attachment 9
Flood Warnings: Responding to California's Flood Crisis;
The Resources Agency, Department of Water Resources,
State of California
•::.:::;•. ••.,. :•. 4r r v. r�r:,s r r r T r .,.�.r r .•x r v.:.r•;:;^�7;v;',.s s w
WAS
n.....,.,r�....,,.�.......!(..i..if,.:N.,�,G.c.,•a..tu,All�t•'..J�G.1....r..4.:.w.4w.a-4J'.1,....�r.'inn.�nl...,uU.u.u.W.a.x..[ 'i''u'�la'auhli��+il�uh u.�,
Responding
all
ifomia's
----------
aj• frt l,' Y Qh'• Y"
NIL
Pit
�j
y
r
15..
ay
�-� ; '�i,��'^2; '> �'o.,;." ,. � :i - `"•'^^% r�.-<�# �id�if d' .,:�`' ,,ter,���r.,,,.,�.,��}<k` 4 ���
y#, �"�, �.� i are: �. c '`�' X :">:��•�" �
��S iw�, N., V�,.h �.t}.,..x. v�,.. �r`t�.tv�, X ��+,.� ..fF,ar- o::"{. 4�''�iS. h,,.'tt�•,µit.,a'''yy�,`" �
,',� ai?cr•„�":..x:�r�r +n:•'i' Y �.✓'r,y. � �.,.���+�c� } a.-„ :�•'. `.'••,v
!
V�c.`"y�}?�`'h� ,..:oJ � �� /+�`�.�: .•eycfKr�De2� .h:. !4 4 f' �scya b' � ra ?�' 7%�,. q,w,YY',�G�.�,.�� r .:$
. '�?^�.' ,t.,y ti r}� fav •Q(.G"
X .�#.. .'7K�}ii:, �y.•`r^ Y�� yr' iY V...5 2� .•M?b?'
-
� 1
� y�>. ,�' mss'• - '\ J
y,t� �'Q►. .,. y ry d' S� #����`4 �his' C{
fir' ,�`, '�^` �"L r. �`� � ;6:,.--.,..i..... :S'�:,.r:.'.^y�:.•ar".�gAh«,,,,,Jn ,t.7,.,, r� "Qt
6"� -,;.nor"q'g' a.�,•� .,.�^,,...9y� ..r..�---�5:�. "'�C'.:.'." r S2�` y.
<; X"j��•-+ fit' N ti' `-r ,,9�.�„��.•�f
�x •
• :.. ,:.atuMMe h t -. x aux � y ry
,w'.T .--.-•+y,Y.:.m -%"�'S,1c�.5g4�!�ry r„y� 5�/4+ t:4'•YG7'^:tL!f� +}: v � ,�^
•.i+ •».wea?-_'_`'0�9ac[,vr-G •{'M.t +°';'i:."»w tai *'SRT
,,, ...�Y'Y,ar.«r"....,.w•....,,cwraew�xoe.r�a:.,..:nuwserT^X82 �otioi YS -,+,c.......,..":...,..:'.ti:'�.y. ,.
State of California
'r1-ze Resources Alien cl-y
Department of Water Resources
r �
=_ x RESPONDING TO CALIFORNIA'S FLOOD CRISIS
1 t
• .. ... y. .r. ..
JL. •
1
.L
'V
r•'
.. ..1..::r:•::
.. •:'r::
}
v•
}:...
• 1.
.r.
r
iA MOO now'
wal-A"Wool
sit
S•.
J `+j
r
• • :,1:r
1'
.ti
:.t. rV illi 4,
..........x.R
is
this
RAW
A too
:j
Y
.J•
r'
.. r
:L
1V .Y..
•:tir:
....... ....., -i ..
.... .. ... .. .... .:ti:•,
.X'
......list
:•:
Ism coition
1
r.
t
h. .....•r, •.......i:.
y
1 y
J '
,r L••
:y
...Y•..., y:'::��5.;..::.... is �" ✓�•.:.�.;: •:�::•':
t
•l:
f.
1
r�.
J:
Y
!.
x.
1
:'.i:'
ti
1!
•r
•':••.:'t"'fir`• ',' ...•`.h..-' •.:
Vit'. ....
L•.
{
�v.
:
i
.1•'
........... ........... ':1:
• :•a4:
J.
:. :.�. :' ': :::•. .•. :. {::::y::':.:::'.::::::'•::':•::{is%';:i•.
.i
• .rt'
Y
:•f
Cover Ittustrat on:from"The Climate of California on a Rampage"by Charles Nahl,1878
9JJITTVG'AR:I J�1. 7G�i AG'�f.'4. YY rPA�VAV'
J
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
While flooding has always been an unfortunate fact of life in many parts of
California,the need for adequate flood management is more critical now than
ever before. California's Central Valley flood control system is deteriorating and,
in some places,literally washing away. Furthermore,the Central Valley's growing
population is pushing new housing developments and job centers into areas that
are particularly vulnerable to flooding. Yet,in recent years,funding to maintain
and upgrade the flood protection infrastructure has sharply declined.Compounding
these challenges is a recent court ruling,Paterno a State of California,that held the
state liable for flood-related damages caused by a levee failure. Together,these
factors have created a ticking time-bomb for flood management in California.
This Flood Management White Paper presents an overview of the current
condition of flood management in the Central Valley and outlines a plan to reduce
flood risks through an integrated approach for better planning,new investments,
improved management of our infrastructure and closer collaboration between
water agencies and users.
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
Flood management in the Central Valley needs an approach that will achieve
both short term and long term solutions. This approach should include a set of
strategies that involve policy changes,program reforms and funding proposals to
better protect California from the devastating consequences and economic
impacts caused by floods. These strategies fall under the following set of broad-
based recommendations:
1. Ensure the integrity of existing flood project infrastructure through improved
maintenance programs that balance public safety and needed environmental
protection.
2. Evaluate the integrity and capability of existing flood control project facilities
and prepare an economically viable rehabilitation plan.
3. Improve the effectiveness of emergency response programs.
4. Create a sustainable fund to support flood management programs.
RESPONDING TO CALIFORNIA FLOOD CRISIS
5. Update floodplain maps and provide better education on flood risks to the
public and to agencies that authorize development in floodplains.
6. Where feasible,implement amulti-objective management approach for
floodplains that would include,but not be limited to,increased flood
protection,ecosystem restoration,and farmland protection.
7. Evaluate potential policies and procedures that may determine the State's
capacity to fund levee maintenance,infrastructure improvements and
emergency response in the Delta.
PROPOSED LEGISLATIVE AND CONSTITUTIONAL ACTIONS
NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES
The following suggested legislative and constitutional actions form the basis
for an action plan by State Government that is needed to implement the strategies
recommended above.
A. Examine existing flood insurance requirements and consider the creation of a
"California Flood Insurance Fund,"a sustainable State insurance fund to
compensate property owners for flood damage.
B. Create a Central Valley Flood Control Assessment District with the authority to
assess fees that would provide adequate flood control protection for regional
participants.
C. Enact legislative and constitutional changes that would reduce taxpayer
exposure for funding flood disaster claims.Revisions would include
constitutional amendments to exempt flood control projects from inverse
condemnation liability and exempt local flood control districts from the
Proposition 218 two-thirds voting requirement
------------------
RESPONDING TO CALIFORNIA S FLOOD CRISIS
-----------------I---- -----------------
Federal Project Levees and Channels
of the Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River Flood Control System
ADIN AN
Shasta
Lake
EB
.#a-X
0 P 0-1-- D N ca
1,00:00 S.
REMWIG CDf cry .zE
1jG
N Lake
211 F
Adin Stream Project
A
RED BLUFF
lie,
501�
ULAKE !�PPER 11111111` � 2 d
CHESTER
;r fes'
02a-k nuulc
Ilk- N
0
MD
its FERRY
4
ThWMI&A
44=r Gmse
l
tea" ttc�►crsrir Basin OROVILLE A,y wavar
suftr*Bar
16
L.3k CZ4 North Fork Feather
Middle Creek StMER
River Project
V-. W -:7#96�
and Tributaries Project COL.
D
% YUSA RYSVI:-LE
%
T.wFk
ef4w; W4*
IAILZ gari-V t6
K!#GHTS
LANOW.4p. S° Fre'mc rt ttf«viHi
VAW like
.00
A.4
70 weir
WOODLAND 9". 9 ?.Ake
Lake A.4
Awon"" TAHOE
CITY
SQUAW
5* SACkAUE:TO
VALLEY
..4or-soche
ROO New[';U�pn
VISTA R-
Usn fre-%t& Truckee River Project
AV C NSV;LL t0 1 Cr C
Lawal
Aftase ft"MyANY STOCKT:9�N
P._t!!
4F Cranrvj on i.v
coult
? ATWATER sirm
FAIRF'ELD4i TRACY Go %tic
MODES10
-rer
Us
-------------- L
'hinute ERCE
SUISLI
4,
CITY %.
r.reek
C-eek
g4f
Fairfield Stream Group Merced Stream Group
G
E
LOS SNUCK- Bypass sypliss.
-an 1.44il
MADERA X7
Aee Coni Bypass),pqr-iF
rREs"o Fist
V-
K.--p.-%k and
FEDERAL PROJECT LEVEES MAINTAINED BY: AW FRESNO
Sr=te' �`"f1 `��'�
tate of California,Department of Water Resources
SAUM
Reclamation,Levee and Drainage
Districts and Municipalities -A.
HANFORD
LE1610ORE
River Miles
Ai
Kings River
Flood Control Project
F
TL
I FIE S YS TEM
THE S TA TE'S CENTRAL VALLEY
FLOOD CONTROL SYSTEM
The State's flood control system in the Central Valley includes reservoirs with
flood detention space,approximately 1,600 miles of project levees,and a series of
overflow weirs and bypass channels. These facilities were originally constructed
by or incorporated into a federally designated flood control project(see figure on
opposite page). The State's system discharges through the Sacramento-San
Joaquin Delta,which contains over 1,000 miles of non-project(local)levees which
are generally maintained by local reclamation districts. The California
Department of Water Resources inspects and evaluates the maintenance of all of
the State's federally designated project levees and channels. Most project levees
are maintained by local agencies,such as reclamation and levee districts. Where
the levees provide broad system benefits and local interests are unable to perform
satisfactory maintenance,DWR may perform the levee maintenance.
Maintenance performed by DWR on behalf of local interests is funded through
assessments of benefitting landowners. DWR also is responsible for channel
maintenance of the Sacramento River Flood Control Project. Local agencies are
responsible for maintenance of the channels of the San Joaquin River system.
I!
RESPONDING TO CAEI r OR IA'S FLOOD CRISIS
THE CHA L L_EN_ _G ES
An.aggressive Over the years,major storms and flooding have taken many California lives,
investment In the flood
caused significant property losses and resulted in extensive damage to public
infrastructure. However,a combination of recent factors has put public safety and
management system the State's financial stability at risk for even greater calamity in the future:
and a new flood 12 Escalating development in floodplains increases the potential for flood damage
management to homes,businesses and communities.
is vitally IN California's flood protection system,comprised of aging infrastructure with
philosophy v
important to public
maj.or design deficiencies,has been further weakened by deferred
maintenance.
safety and our
r State and local funding for effective flood prevention and management
economic well-being. programs has been reduced.
M Court decisions have resulted in greater State flood damage liability.
Unless California implements a strategic plan,the next major flood could
easily overwhelm the state's deteriorating 54-year-old flood protection system and
have catastrophic consequences for our people,property and environment. The
State will continue to pay out millions,and potentially billions,of dollars every
time a levee break occurs in the flood control system. An aggressive investment in
the flood management system and a new flood management philosophy is vitally
important to public safety and our economic well-being.
r '1
r
r:•:i{w:.:r
n
�•' �.. :r::iv•i "fir:;;:}:6:: ?:-_}:
rF
•:WJh•LY},.+,ST:qJyYiJJ,%N}JY}l•Y?!!V1rIy}:!IYNI• -!': .
... .{-!:•:•.L.fli:.�•.\:r:'+ ..'J•L�il:.}:ti}••rill:,• r
::\:::'.. •V:l.•i::tial:':ti:r:::':J J ••.. :. r.
•' •:-{{!N:.?•:I.:,:tA:••;w,.•Li•iLA.L>•`:r.-,J••JJ'••'.•}Y.::••:.l'':'T::
.u.::`1!:}i:•:.::::'::.is`:
.{WCL•; '{-{:+;;:.
.•rte
Inundated Structures During the 1997 Floods.
#.�JS`.s1d�.wok•'Fav:�°�3!•C3°9.�k*•#ii4YF..'lYf �JfiE3' 4!.3^�rT!?'✓rrl..'si'.•'9.1.•-J''.'C•,sJBYJ.:9c3S..=��s^.+Fi•
i1 i'%•E.i+/�-ICs�l.i
THE CHALLENGES
RISING RISK OF LEVEE FAILURES
Deteriorating Flood Control System
California's Central Valley flood control system of levees,channels and weirs
is old. Many levee reaches were built more than a century ago on foundations that
are subject to seepage and movement. Over time,the levee system has
significantly deteriorated,partly ------------------ . ..... ........ . . .
........... ........
. ...............
due to deficiencies in the original
design partly and artl due to deferred
maintenance. Observed
deterioration includes levee
M1
reaches with internal and external
erosion,degradation/removal of
natural berms,animal burrows,
•',}..rr.::tv,i,,,rl.i?'r`{i,�4•',4,r{r•lA••C}'
and settlement. In addition,the r:.a`•r••••'•• `
r�•T:•'' vF�,t{•>-'%ti••iii:•'r•}'•r r)r�v••'v..:}:::v...
-..r.'. r }r Y.'rr::}{••.'6' nf•i<'.v.4rf.+,.•:{:;:ir:3ri{}yv.•.•:}�::.
uncontrolled/1•>I owth of vegetation t}•> �r #! { ,`M1 L;rr ?•`-
•>• ri:{..:{`"�;•r¢i??r'�.•'t} }!•/+��.-'s:.r•. .`'W{r{'l,•rY�:.}:;...;.-.
••�{r fA�r•}•.:T>�ii:�?'.,ti-rtiy�'.n9._}A',rr•'};. v,
rl, Y{Afr J 1�•.
and build up of sediment deposits {` �''=-:-s•M r
has greatly reduced the amount of
water that flows smoothly through
critical channels and rivers.
Riverbank and levee erosion Hydraulic Mining in the 1800s(photography by Carleton E.Watkins,courtesy Bancroft
has been a particularly deg
vastatin Library,University of California,Berkeley).
part of the overall deterioration. In many levee reaches,the flood control channels
were designed to flush out sediments that accumulated in the Sacramento River
system from hydraulic mining activities in the late 1800's.
These designs were quite successful in flushing out the mining debris.
However,with the debris removed,the powerful flows are now eroding the natural
channel banks and the flood protection levees placed on them. This ongoing
erosion causes more damage than can be repaired by the State or local
reclamation districts using normal maintenance programs. A significant strategic
plan element must include a proactive short-term maintenance approach and a
long-term project solution.
Many places within the levee system have developed problems caused by
underseep age and other internal weaknesses. While studies to uncover these
weaknesses have been completed and extensive remedial work has been
p
erforrned on some parts of the system,much work remains. In addition,it is
extremely difficult to detect all hidden deficiencies. As a result,failures occur
unpredictably and with little warning.
41�1til i
----------------------------------------------
RESPONDING TD CALIFORNIA ""LC2C?D CRISIS
Due to funding and To address both the known and the developing deficiencies in the system,the
environmental Issues,
U.S.Army Corps of Engineers(Army Corps)evaluated 1,059 miles of levees in the
Sacramento River Flood Control Project between 1986 and 2003. This multi-year
both the State and evaluation found 89 miles of levee that needed significant repairs at an estimated
local agencies have cost of$145 million. While most of those repairs have already been completed,the
evaluation was performed using criteria that are now outdated,and did not include
found it increasingly
all potentially deficient levees. The Army Corps has recently developed new seepage
difficult to Carry out design criteria that will require much more stringent field exploration than earlier
I*
adequate maintenance gruidance. These new criteria are likely to result in identifying many more deficient
areas that will in turn ultimately lead to a significantly greater repair cost.
programs-
Deferred
Maintenance
Due to funding and environmental issues,both the State and local agencies
have found it increasingly difficult to carry out adequate maintenance programs.
For example,the designers of the flood control system assumed that erodible soil
slopes would be covered with rock,an approach that is at odds with protecting
environmental habitat. Implementing erosion protection measures that reduce
impacts to the environment takes more time,
consultation and funding.
Several performance measures
demonstrate that the Department of Water
Resources(DWR)does not have the assets
r� necessary to maintain key components of the
Sacramento River Flood Control Project at the
level it has in the past.
For example,from 1986 to the present,
the number of maintenance staff members
has dropped from 81 to 53. In the eight years
Channel and Levee Erosion along San Joaquin River in 1997. between 1983 and 1991,DWR removed about
10 million cubic yards of sediment
obstructing the proper performance of weirs and other flood control structures.
However,in the past 11 years,DWR has removed less than three million cubic
yards of sediment,a decrease of approximately 80 percent. In partnership with
the Army Corps,the State Reclamation Board repaired levee erosion sites on a
regular basis through the early 1980s using the Sacramento River Bank Protection
""HE CHALLENGES
Project,at a cost of about$300 per
linear foot with no significant
backlog of sites. By contrast,today
there is a backlog of nearly 200
erosion sites totaling 120,000 linear
feet. With repair costs now as high
as$5,000 per linear foot,the bill to
repair these sites could eventually
approach$600 million. Meanwhile,
the erosion continues and new
erosion sites are anticipated.
Finally,while DWR cleared flood
channels of vegetation at the rate
of 7,000 acres per year in the early
1970s,that rate has fallen to only Unanticipated Failure of Sutter Bypass Levee in the 1997 Floods.
about 1,000 acres per year.
In 1998,a Levee Review Board comprised of State and Army Corps
representatives issued a report detailing the"overall deterioration of the levee system
over several years." Similarly,the December 2002 Sacramento and San Joaquin River
Basins California Comprehensive Study Interim Report states:
"Flood risk in this region is rising,as are conflicts between maintenance of the
existing flood management system,arapidly-growing population,and ecosystem
needs. Levee maintenance has grown more difficult and expensive due to such
factors as poor levee foundations,erosion,and conflicts with environmental
concerns. The levees will continue to deteriorate,increasing the flood risk,
especially in rural areas."
Following more than 30 breaks on federal project levees during the 1997 flood,
new appreciation was gained for the susceptibility of levees to seepage failures.
The Army Corps convened a Levee Seepage Task Force in 2003 comprised of
experts from the State,Army Corps,and academia that concluded:
"The ongoing deterioration of the levee system needs to be addressed. The
[Sacramento]District and its local partners should revitalize their ongoing levee
maintenance and monitoring programs to assure that,as portions of the levee system
deteriorate,they are identified and corrected before a major flood occurs."
<tt", 5
RESPO DING TO CALIFORNIA'S FLOOD CRISIS
Delta Concerns
In addition to the challenges of maintaining a viable flood control system in
the Central Valley,there are also great challenges in the Sacramento-San Joaquin
Delta. The Delta includes nearly 60 islands and tracts lying below sea level that are
kept dry by more than 600 miles of marginal levees,many founded on peat soils.
Most of these levees have problems associated with long term levee settlement
and island subsidence. During the last century there
::: ........... ..:..�.:::;,::::._....: �-. �� have been more than 240 levee failures and island
P:
}}
yr h r
•••rL,.
r
:: ...:::,r.yi:::..:..:�. •
::fir:.:• inundations,most of which occurred during flood
, t A seasons.
,yam�, }5r,'{:}::.;••:tiff:•:4... ..
'y{' ,.....}:L:.,-:}.;.,.is=: .:.;' y:.;:.;.•Lr•.v{,i:ti::}
Y:�}�:y7�1;.:{,}i}}r.:;5•} •:f�: ;fy''�-v'}'•'>.:,^.�,j}2r?,}:YY!:�'�ti'•::•:{-.r'�.•} rr.
4'?b f•{.}.,:.:.:::•.::r•••rf}.+ •;k:: 1?t7:Y{6r}s� •GrjL.�l,r.:{yL ���+-:r�gr {{f:
!.,..:s;;,{,[�j� :$;S:is;•;•;;•:{%iy,Lr;.Y,,,,,.�::::;t,#::c{ .ti %:y+._.:;;?°p...::'',_=`
cen
More r
.���•-»:}•::;�...: . :::��: }t:: :-�X..�:=s::�:;: e ,on June 3,2004 a huge dry weather
'}Xq,�:''':::a;v •�:;..:::;!..:,,'•'moi .•;
'i�ii4•JYd}t•}`'••: {{x�prr';.'••:.fir•,'� r'+•••ia�eir:• :>:..;::,x..� '::i;�ti?:.>•:
:.,�;2 't°«:•.,S",a,.i�l;-, '•�A``,•:•• •�. ,+}; *,y.rc�;L+Yc+±±;arr.: :-.a.::r;{.;r..,.�.
r.'•.;v:,;wY:..'�1y.. i SC,i. �,:::+'{vr.r �yyL�.},:' .�/. Y.{. -%7::� -.••,••.�•••.'};.•f•'�'.'�'��; 2 v}..
{{,•: ,:s;••..rrr�,�,'}�,,,,• p "'i�`}rst,�,?r;-x•�: Y v ,: r ,�•.�y}a,.
rli{ �.}.� t:�::.:• �{ � levee failure occurred without warning on Upper Jones
{ . L
•jN;�• •
:
.:� r:Y
L
.;: .: ,r .... . ..-�=•• - •��•�• •,. Tract. The cause remains unknown but theeffect e ect was
n
ry' {•i }-{{}-tiY tlo of 12 000 acres of farmland with
the inundation
4. r••:2 i' ir.; ,k•.v:.:.::::.r:::::•y''•}:r.•{j{�•;:}:
Y Y.r4:v�,Li'1 r '�••{d<:2r ?i�:.::??:2:......:.•{i;ri;:r:L;};•yt{:j:$:
ip r•>rr 'Q;;'} •}J• �.�2i}s:n'•:}:isi.'•{:.'-::-.:::��;::::.?Sy 4'i?�{:{.}rrr
approximately
roximatel 160,000 acre-feet of water.
rv.: .LL•;.r:: {�}:}};:}'lS::<�j�''r"+yry}:�r
r '�} j::v~i sv:v.:sr:::';�i::{i•:•}:}:}.;{::.:::}:.;ry.j;}...:'-:i.�
r 'J{:•' •:S;rte:?%�-:{'•:j}•}:{l:{:}:•}:{:lr'{w.'ii'ir "i'Yrw
�:-i:=-�:?>.i;j=;;:2'}`•?r:'--}:i;:y"v:y�:'{v}}'{i:��{:•'i'''{ti;�!:i$
•r: 'f '��� `:�•°�':,-:;.:-,��,y}�,o-f_a••:::,:�''�,,.1:::•y}..�:rr y.:o:r
.;4• ! ::�{::. �titi�'rsiic.,.:r� anti-{2y>::C� .}r�.::.M1rr
i;i:.:: 4:•♦�}•rLl,.;:'i.is:::Y� r'.••L{' rr
isr::Y,ur-:;:::::::r{?tfi'•:{:2�;;;c,,,:a�r._
Higher Flood Flogs
'•}.{'i:•:Y?}:'rt?hS•fir-{- ��' y
:.{•rte, #}tit-}�r -. •�: "��7��'I
..::\,`{•:•}•�.:''��.,,rrr:'v.A.y"'•''•r..i.rL.��.
'•f.•:,..'�Y rv.-r'i�r-dA+'{fi-�-- r�
•����.L�:'f•2:�:{�rs.,fi;{�}`^'}di{~'� lL:.
Traditionally,levee ee hei hts and channel capacities es
}r•� have been designed using historical
data related to
precipitation and runoff. However,due to either
limited historical data or climate chane the general
trend is for flood flows to
�•�'•��• be higher than anticipated.
•�L .r g
p
Consequently,flood inundations by 100-year ear flood
events now cover much greater areas than those used
,A,• for design and floodplain mapping just a few years ago.
•.:..... ....
} .. Thus,many existing floodplain maps are woefully out
of date.
COSTS AND
CONSEQUENCES
rev:• The potential impacts on people and
.. ...•::.. . . �i.::v }.:. �f:, .-4�.,�,'•'�r ��:::.
communities of a single failure or multiple fai
l re
s are
------------------- 1--------------------------
. catastrophic. These risks tend to be dis ro ortionatel
Levee failures mSacramento-San Joaquin Delta(1y'ler Island} p p y
During the 1986 Floods. higher in rural and economically disadvantaged
communities that are often unable to invest in flood
control improvements. The 1997 floods forced more
"I"HIE7 CHALLENGES
than 120,000 people from their homes. More than Flood D
55,000 were housed in 107 shelters,the largest
sheltering operation in California's history. An
estimated 30,000 residential and 2,000 business
ro ernes were damaged or destroyed.
p p g y
....:vim :{
UpperJonestract in ent levee break on U The rec •- _ -
{.t.vr.-
� ..ry}:'YL
y� S :r.
+v
1 $100 m�lhon o :.:.?._..t nea :.. ...elta unll cosSouth D :�?::�fithe y •.v::•:.�••.vv::{i}::•i}'ti•}} ••:r.......i :v: 'vi ice'•-::... ..n..n
•:h.:
YF'::•. h :;:iv:i.:::v:}4}:•::r:�}}:'v}' ?.:iiv:•:-h`•!•:•:}::
{.{:Mr•. �• •.}..:•Y ..: .r•.•• .rvi w:!::tivv}{:}::,�vrr,:f:Ci{:itiJS'{ti} ti:tiv:}"•: :Y.S:::��{�Y
.4: .}: ..,v:•{4'•:�}::+.:?•4:i:'r':}}v•:v::..5., .:.}ii::ii ti}j:::{: •.:Z..:.v:::••}•.
V:!{}•:}'1;.}'•••}.Q. ?''h..:•' ..\....... .:fi....t::r.. 'f{';•:•}}::•: };f�:•A:.�y :;:moi%�::{j•:::��.
'•.: :S<}:;.:;.. .S-:{r{:•}. :fi.•. :;i.•{{}i?r::'::5{{{:{ 4rn;::{wry;}.
}::::%01, }3.: ,fi.}};' :{�•:{.:v,Y}•:.ti•`.}?}:.T'k{;;,, :r{:•+;r;�;{;'\'C$'ti:•}:Lr+}'X• Y>{•
•;.y{. •.
�damage
�f,.'.�:�.�,...• .•r}.tv:.
emergencyresonse to privatelost }Y'••j:}}�:•{�':i•�'t•+�•'y:y..:a:.j:..•.• }}:•?1%r•'{'{{PYA:,y:(�.,.:.;.-•{•}h�}ti;..{.:..}\f-,y} •.,r•„!{i.{}';:{}}^yr�r.}{.w.?1:::•~h•}•.::.•Y...�y�.am'.•
,.::.'r.{i{'r: }t��:'-."i-:���{'�rS.rf::.%n•,+S:.4-•;'{•.�:{-:�Tr.:A?:�::i:j:.:a..:-;.Y}..:7.<'.'.{
.:,
f: �•Y � .{};�: :.:}.. :���fi:A..•
fir,�}S y.. • ����({;. {{. :{b'. !. �v r: 'r;r ♦~••}M1?.f.t:
:{•:}f ••y,}•'•.ti• •` i}"v.`SY 1:.;:n� �. y{�,v. 3};{:. `�Y,t•;n v '}''S,�tis, {�t;r�.err'{.,::.-r'•{`:}:�:
r'}(} •f x�h .�• rr?O:•}.':},r r A4.r_'S?::.:..::rr:::n}
(10 cro s levee re air and um •m water from the _rf{,•:{f}t•:. \ Y'}:V'.:{{ Y "..•Y• {r.y}'.S'•'•}!}%.;}. y+j}ryryS}4...,;....4_?..tif
•}y
j;_;.:.:{.,••..:}:..r '.? titer ...
island.
There r
e w
re also
os
significant nt co
sts associated cistad
y.•..:..:-:vy•o Y
}
•.Y
:.
.:..
r 4 •.:.:.:
}.
.
with losses in water supply and conveyance. : :
k Delta was curtailed for :YEAR
Following the Brea pumping p g
several days to prevent seawater intrusion at the i
Flood Damages Caused by Recent Flood Events n the Sacramento
State and Federal pumping plants,and water shipments and San Joaquin River Basins (from Sacramento and San Joaquin River Basins,
Southern California were continued only through California,Post-Flood Assessment,U.S.Army Corps of Engineers,Sacramento District,
to Sou y g
March 1999)
unscheduled releases from San Luis Reservoir,a large
offstream reservoir where water is held after it is
pumped from the Delta. Releases were also increased
at Shasta and Oroville reservoirs,sending more fresh
water to the Delta for salinity control.
In general,the flood control system does not
provide the necessary protection for public safety,
property and economic values.
Sudden Dry Weather Failure of Middle River Levee on Upper Jones'Fact in 2004.
9�i,"�!}J�i��.ds?:St�;�►.G:'sZ�i%�r.?i�f/J/•.}�1')�'�::Y:!�Aw.rr,�a`'-a:.r.'.�::
r i
i
RESPONI?ING TO CALIFORNIA FLOOD CRISIS
GROWING RISKS FOR FLOOD DAMAGE AND LOSS
OF LIFE
California's population growth presents a major challenge to the State's flood
management system. In the Central Valley alone,much of the new development
is occurring in areas that are susceptible to flooding. In some cases,land use
decisions are based on poor or outdated information regarding the seriousness of
Better coordination is the flood threat For example,many flood maps used by public agencies and the
needed between general public are decades old and do not reflect the most accurate information
regarding potential flooding. Even worse,many maps were made by simply
agencies making land assuming that federal project levees provided protection from 100-year flood
use decisions and the events. Unfortunately,recent experience has shown that this assumption is not
parties.,often the State.,
necessarily valid.
which must bear the Land use decisions at the local level that allow developments in floodplains
protected by the State-federal levee system in the Central Valley greatly increase
burdens and Liabilities the risk of State liability for loss of life and property damage. Better coordination
IF of
of those decisions. is needed between agencies making land use decisions and the parties,often the
Aerial Photograph of Sacramento's Pocket Area Showing Urbanization in a Floodplain Protected by Levees.
THE CHALLENGES
State,which must bear the burdens and liabilities of those decisions. The State During a typical 30-
must develop a process that guides regional development with the goal of
year mortgage period,
protecting people and property at risk in floodplains,while connecting the legal
liability of ill-advised land use decisions to those malting the decisions to approve there is a 26 percent
development in these areas. chance that a home-
Another
challenge is that people who live and work behind levees have a owner living behind a
false sense of protection. Many believe that the levees will protect them against
levee will experience
any level of flooding. Even if a levee was capable of successfully holding back a
100-year flood,a target flood event used by many insurance and public agencies a flood larger than the
when providing flood protection,it doesn't mean that a larger flood,such as a 100-year flood. This
110-year ora 150-year flood event,won't flood their property. During a typical
30-year mortgage period,there is a 26 percent chance that a homeowner living risk is many times
behind a levee will experience a flood larger than the 100-year flood. This risk is greater than the risk of
many,times greater than the risk of a major home fire during the same period. a major home fire
during the same period.
GREATER LEGAL LIABILITIES
As the risks of levee failure and corresponding damage increase,California's
courts have generally exposed public agencies,and the State specifically,to
enormous financial liability for flood damages. The November 2003 Paterno vs.
State of California decision found that when a public entity operates a flood control
system built by someone else,it accepts liability as if it had planned and built the
system. The Paterno ruling held the State responsible for defects in a Yuba County
levee foundation that existed when the levee was constructed by local agricultural
interests in the 1930's.
When the levee failed in 1986,hundreds of homes and a shopping center in
the city of Linda were flooded.The Paterno decision makes it possible the State will
ultimately be held responsible for the structural integrity of much of the Central
Valley flood control system-1,600 miles of levees that protect more than half a
million people,two million acres of cultivated land and approximately 200,000
structures with an estimated value of$47 billion.
In the Arreola v.Monterey County decision of July 2002,local agencies were held
liable for 1995 flood damages to property owners that resulted from a failure to
properly maintain the Pajaro River project. The maintaining agencies had not
0-0---------------
RESPONDI G To CALIFORNIA S FLOOD CRISIS
been able to use standard mechanical clearing methods to remove vegetation in
the channel because of environmental requirements to protect riparian habitat.
Alternative methods to clear the channel had proved inadequate and costly. This
decision exposes the State and local agencies to major liability. There is a need to
reconcile a time-consuming environmental permitting process with the need for
prompt maintenance of critical public safety infrastructure.
FUNDING
At a time when flood control maintenance and improvement efforts should
be increased,the investment in flood management has instead been reduced at all
levels of government. Local governments in California have been severely
restricted by two constitutional amendments regarding the use of property tax or
benefit assessments to generate revenue(Propositions 13 and 218). The federal
government in 1996 reduced the maximum that it would pay for the cost of new
flood control projects,from 75 percent to 65 percent of the total project cost.
The State's recent fiscal crisis has decreased the general fund's allocations
for flood maintenance,improvements,and management activities. Effective
emergency response has been hampered by the curtailment or elimination of
I XXX
n•.��.
::n•
A
. .\.r.:....t.... }.
.r
....'r.... icy. ....:
fin. ....:...:...:.... ..... ,
-...J.....r.f..................... . t
r ...
:•.a Yr:.
. .. ...:...:.....,.:,. Lien .....r.Y:.................:::-::.::::.:::••:.:,::.-.�:}:'>
.... .................... 1... ..... +�
.......... `
•
...............
.. f .. ... ..1.... :. '-
......
.L..
• rr..>r.�.rf
P
7
.:.... tS.....J.l:.r .:.•• 'tit
Jr....M.-...I '
.. ....fanr•T. .:......:•...... ..t -Y •:.::::.�:•,::.::.'
r.fn:.,In x..7fnk .. ,v 1 ; .:::•:�:::?:t:•i"•
YY+........:.... ..
.............................
,...:.....,.... r...;..:•.•r.v:}}F):(.•• .....r..... .::...r......... .:f n.�•v:.-:-.-:::• iii`:{i.•-}{}p}{:
.....::.:::..::.:::.
-.ffn••n:•::K ffrfrl.•..r.f...•... .�•,♦.;.:..:.: •::•::..;....... } ..:.
r.Jif...r.....r.....r..n.r>..r.f ... ............L.........:.. ..........::::.:..::::.:.:.
{Y
r .. ...a ..... ................ .. ::::::::::.:.:::.........:.....:....:.
...,.,.r....r ff.l...L.... 7d ................. .r ......-...�5�•. .. ... .:..........:........... ...........:..-................:.�..:..::;::::;:::::::r::::r.�:::::::i::::v:�r:•
•f
. 1. r..........r .. .. •Y. ... .�}. ...::'..:�:::::::..:::•.:::.:::::.::
t gam•
ff .{•i
}� ..}.r.r. .. '�u.. ......................: -..:...J v. ::.....,;.,...::Y:::;;,...........;;'::....: };{..:�.{.:.:f:;{':tiiv'r:','�.:�r•}:•r:.\'-.4 v..L•:::)a
..:..r.r.r..fi. J'Yn .. .....................: .... ............. 7'���:->:::•5::::::...,....-........:::::.:t. •f:�::•:�;...}••,•.:-:•}�:,••f}.,'•:+r n;{:..
+r
.J.
:•r.:..l..n........... .' ......... ......... ... .... ...............:.......:::.�:w:::....:::.:.:i>:i:::i�::�?7:::'_`':r:v:{:::{�is{<:;}?:::ivi•:•?:;:;:4:{•}•i}$:.v: r 1.•.4r •}.,
.x:•:r::::v::•.{ r ..�:
.:V': ♦ .t:....L.r
.t\
.............:::.�::::.::::.;•:::::moi::....:::::.�.•:::
r.:.....r.t.n...r.. .I ::•.. .. 1�C..... ....::::::.:!::•.:::........:.:�:'..:w:.::r::.r:.:::.. •;}r}}�::i::•}:}.:� .{ti•.},v,v•.�.,ri:•r'•fti•'\:=f'•'hviv•
♦;;}..•:.+f:::f•::f.•• : Y '•: i:.':..:n. •.{ Rte..; n....•:. ...........
G {.• ..4:: Lr...,. 1•J..l•f•:{�:Jt}-:J•�ti•:}•:.:.�}�••.r�:•.. ..f r
:i
,
Emergency Flood Fight Repairs to a Distressed Levee along the San Joaquin River During the 1997 Floods.
5fvf�i :�'f+fK°r4>ir42r�:f;�A:D:.3GF:•:�'irl:?'!'r'v5?sk!ir{J{'4.'�•'J,'Y''c'•;::+�:0,G.�fa#w:..Y'f�r''r'}•3F%�}.�k%'r.'�'�s}�°'{'sS'.
10 IJ
Ii HE CHALLENGES
State Flood Management Allotments
(excluding Delta Levee Subventions Program)
. . . . . .
. ..
..
..I .
. ..
..
•:......
,..••::•. •:.::::.: :,r
.. ...................................
.. .. .....................................:.
........................................................................................
. ...............................:................
........•...:..
........
.........................:.....:...............................................................,........ .........................................................
t
....................................................,.......................
. .......'........................:...........:.................................'.............:.... .........................
:1)Y.
..•..............::;.;;.•.,••.....,.•..•...............•..,........•....•.••........•...•.:......••....•....•....•.••
•J.
...... ..............,..........................•.....•..,............... �
. .
Y f'
.......:...........
.,^RLL
...,X.
{•
:.:.:.:.:. .•... ..:
X} }
........... ..:... :.::.:i:i:.
d Y •..:
:{.,hr{xz
•, .:.;:.".*. :.:.:...'.:.:...:...: .r.
�}. +tY.
.....I.._. ....... �q1'
iri:{Y.}-v.
}
ri'QF.
A.
r..
%
j .......... :....:. ..•... ..:.
• ::'-.:'
•.N
f•
LS:t
• • ..::...:...:..'..........I..:...:.:.:.:.: ..:.:
�:::•:'
r•A•.
f
:•�'
............
r�r..L.. ..:....:.:;:.. ::.•.:.:.:.:....:.:;..:.
S..{;
.. .f
• J ..•..••. ....:...:.:.:.:..::.:.:. •-
:.
y :'
r .....• ........ ..•........ .......
t
..... .....................................a.. :,�
h.. ..
3. �+
f }:t• :•::•r
}..
+ f
.,:.. ..,...
y{..... .p.. •Y, A ..... X. �
..... n • .. ..........':......................... ............... • .•
...... Jr .. ...+.. ................. .. ,, .. .......... :+7PrJ
r. .. ...........:..•................... ........... .... :}.}
... :..:.. ....::w:;..
f :.::
h.
( } J/.. !
}'{-.4 R
EM
r
.... rX. "S $ .:v.• �..
.... n... ..r - hh
..... ..... ..... ... .............. .::v•:
r�YX}r:r r .+ •...... .::........ ...•.•,......:.:. :::.:......, ..:•: ::..'. Rf:'x-: :4::::•h>
{ir•... r}Si :}Cr•..f.r..n.:J:.: ............ ....,:... •.M1 : ..Y�?rf..
{{.A... .:..... .................::::
ff v
�• -.}�,r r•• :...:.v.. :.::.......'r::.:::.: ............ ..............:. ...1....... :.:J.;. ...:. 4. Ysi{=:t}{:A•:
„'vr
,:,
:.:...:.:.:::::.:.:.:. :r:::•Y:.:. :::::::. :•:.}
if JA.?,9Y. ,.. }}}/•%.?}{::::Y
rN
.. . ... :.�::..�.:::... .:.:::::. .•..:::.:::.:.
RL
N 3 t/
A!•.•4 hn•.Y*-,-.,;-.}h
r, ..,;.:;. ..,..
h NA.r..*, .•.
!• :,
..h.......r• .::.:::... :::.....: ::.... :..:. 'ry
NO,,
... r ..:. .{rJ...::.:.... .i'•:•.:{.;;.;...:.. :rlt}i-}Y{Y:ir>:+;t•
Y. ,F r
}.ffrrf.fN J.::. :.v::.: {.. .., rf.•r::r'i}}.•:h•'•
..rN.r r fr :. r!. .l..... ......... }:v:..
•::::
rr .•/ r.
v. r.rr.1.,..n..... :........:::...;.:,L .;......;..
ft��}
..r.. ....1.....:.... .r........ :..::•:::r Y.:..: :•:n•v:.: v.:.::A:.:•:-::::•. :
}.
v.}.!h}. r.r.r n
r..
} .,} .}. .}.. '.n.
r:f.• r afx
r.>`}..F..3.r..f.
{.Af. V}Y
•. • •• • • :.. •..::Lir
v.....r
{ 4
Z .. ... ... .. .. .... .....f.r x:r:. ::}v •:}..fT?' :r....:...v.....:}:i{is}i}•:v:.Y:v.::.:.:..:.::};i:;}.
....... ....,..• ... f. ...•L.....L... .\.........• .......... ..•..,.5 .r.• 1:"::•::��• .•:ti'•:L•:':Y•:':5•}.,W.•r.:}.:.;...: ..L• .•V:•:'':J'.Y.Y
..r...... ••.:}..Y.::. ...............x..L.... ..r...}2'.{.. R................ .......,...... ......A....:.}...r:J... ,.........>f..•:::,:•:: .A:.: .}iY'ii ..}::::::•::.:..,::::.:::•:.Y:•Y•:•...
:..w..
k.. N}
y-.};?.,
:::...
.................;;..;v:.':::. :.
. .
...,.. ... .... .. r... .....r.... ......... ..{.... ....
.... ....
,.....k n..�......... .. ..
.} .r.;}. •.Y:•:•i?'r:•i•::•i:•T i5v' v}:•?:•':{:v:}�i v:•:•Yr::::$$}':$?$'r:C?•'Fi%+'{
. ....r.......... .................... J•..:..A.... .........a1...:.. .::.w.:•.. .....:t:
........ A } .....• ..Ni .a:...... ..Y.............. ..:..x•....r.. :M1.....:?•hv.•A•:a• :.w:::•:•:. :.a•}::l... n A•.)}}}}L:4}:':•i}�i}
...r.....f h.A.}r:{:r..,..r.l.,......:•:v ::.�......r.:v..{.....•. .r.....•.... .............,.• ..v....- n........ .}..{: ..r......:...x....{.
....r! t ...•.. w;..
S
..... ... { r.... .....,i}i:4:}:4?::Y.Y;.....�:.Y: Y.:.Y.... .,w:.:YFY:;;.........
.. .....r..r.4. .......h. ..n...... ..n...n...... ..r.........rr. ... .L........ ....w:r•.�:n .....,........
...... .......... .............:........ .....r./yy.•L Vl.. .. ... .. ..• . . ...............•:•:::. ... .:t::::::.
.:*.:.X... .V.•Y•.r.• •JYa ...............5...... ........f.'.5.. ......:.......... .........f...V......
'.::a::::.�:•................ ....
.+....X.......+•..:..n ......... ............J.. ....•............. ..............:.•......., r.........•.................................:..::: �::::::::::..::::.�...,. .:.::.v:::::•..Y...........
.....•. ...........1•:Y •:' ......... ....................:J.: .{Y...y ..n.....A.M1.....
��t :: ......... ........ ::.:L/.....r.......... .':Fr.........
.. 74/.. /,• J........ ....................
r. r
t
A},r. },
f
n
.. .. : ... •.... :.....{.:....... •:............... ..{'.. {.}}:•}:•: •i>:•}:J:}�}::.;::;• ;.�:;i{::}::{>}:?i?}:{<t•}:?:�:ice:�:v:'i::r{•i...:...........
v ..r.R,A........L
.................
..... ..........h.... ...} ;,....-.. ::...!...::..L.....:: '}:}}:v. :f:..r:.:.r.:•.. ..::.f {•... .:r....... .fA •i}:•..... :•}}:•}??:.......}}x•}'{•i}xt{
.:f• ...................... ... ......1.... .... M1r. ,
...LY n...... 1. .......:::
.4.
t.. n rT
5�.
Y.
.J ....... .••....• ....r..-. .: . .•}•...l..... ..d..}• .••L•.•l....•S••.. ..•...f•Y.•-.•.•.A......•.•••.•• .• :.IJ'• ::i'}.SY.'J%f•':'.• •.•r••}:Y•.
.f......a... ... n .......a.. .L. .... ... .A... .......... ......... ..:M1•r.:Y:.•:•:M1V.:•J.... .R•.. ..J;:
}•??{:....
{.., n
{ a
.............. ... .. { .:S ....,.....,..r...aa1{.�.s ........: ... ..{titit}ii'v::::i4$:{:i :ti:i':�i�}:?::
n......:..,...i.� .rR ....R.4 ......A{A\a+.a 'L.}♦ ..r.,.., .,..... ,n 1,1 F{ .. ..............A iiR� r. :4.5A:
.. f ... .. h h....r.:S. k�} >...... ... ...4}. ....r..fi Y... .f.}r}..... ......J.J..rf.•. .t.i........ :Tf.. n...r... =:�5�2�c�:�:�5>is •}\S}}A•:
.............{...L.r...a...T�.r .........v .. M1,. ..+.n...Y ...v. .\:r.... R. .r......: {fi,• vr:r. -'.X .hr.
�{ is .r{..;. .;-#?r;vf} •r•:{•:}�i:•:•}}•.}}• 'F.4}\' f/
.... .,r..... .....:Y... .h $..>.. .:[-.... .A. , r..'} :•:w.•r ..r..r...•.:r......./.4 .:4.Y'/ ''}.Y:.YR:.Y:.Y::.... •ai-'.::':Y•:::::;Svi
.... .••... .. ....:...ar-.a-.M1 b.. ..n. .-. ..f.... '.v.}a ..av .r.,..t. :.... .A.......,........... ....!.Q.y;.}:{.}:.}:i Fay.•.•:{:. ..{,•.r ..a?i2:.}}:r. .;.�}{� •.;a
.i... .}.{........''}•...:.....;.aL..r. ... ...,. .f } f1 ...{n.. ... ..•...... .. ... .{•: Y}:. }:}$}w.:')' .}J.
.h. .rrf:7,.r...}..
... .. .... ...•.rA•.v v. .v r r:,v:.•r a ....{. .,..r. $ ..i ..r:...A.},•:•.vX; ..:v.vX•:+••na•.L:v v:A:::•:{. �.s1:•# ?:v.•:.v.n....• .n{::;:}{•: ::4}}:}}}4}:'iC••... :{{::•}{•i-':•::
.r...............r..}...... ...L ,.., ...r.vfi }........ x.. } .'�i.:r. ... .J:......r... .'r........r •:/):.....4i��::f'}•:v}:a..}:-..... ..r....r...}.•x'•'}:i}: A•i::..........a...{
. ..r..rY{..r f•.ir..} .{Xx ..} ... .C. .f:.'.}. A.}. .} :}l+`..• .',C: :{,.......
..... ........ J..,•1..... ,.. •.,,:. •...
....,.. a{ ;:•;.•.•.}}..•.....} ...R :Ai}:... ..n r. .A i••}.4 J}:::r}. :::J• '•},•.Y,'::A'-/:T...7a• •:t.':i-}.'•'Y:{}.'i}:}:.Y '•hYF'r: •:R:•:::r •:J. .r.:x..Y.1::•.Y i s{Sf''::-}:•:'i::'"'f:A'~:r:::::::::-:.Y.
.fj. .r...r.....:n.•...h....... .....•.r:•..}.•.r... ,.....t ti .}!{ ..y .:. .\..a....J..r. •:tiQ�::4..a..:G:w..{: ..v........{G:{{v.......a•%•:•: n...A. :}}?•f....f...........r....
.v.... .r..N,.....1...... :..:..... .:.}::.::...:.X.... n.}s. •..r..:rxi.. :. ..4•:f::.{. .R .r. .}•: ..{..Aa... .i:^ ::$r:r:r. .r:v}r.....
..•... .f--.}.r....r..... .. .: ...\...... .FL r. ....r.r..... ♦.h. ...:k xi$• .{•: •.v.:....Y:.. l:r.:•::i.;{..J::::.v::• :} •.Y `:i•:v:•:tii•}:•`.iS•:•}: '{ti....vr w.... .A.:v:---__--_-_-%6_.-__-_
:::.,:•:Y:::::
,I.... .}......n....J,.;r n .Y:.Y+v::...J....•.. A.. ,{.r........r.. .{h.... J. ...J,ri :i•}' •:r{•::h. .r:•'S•. :•, xw•:•:a.4. •:r::i$i}}%.......... }:::::........•.................
....r. ...n..f....'6-- r. ...:.........r. .. ...,r }J'•..., .......L .L.. .r .k fr:} .., yr}:: vf.. :.},•.Y:::,....:::J
.A.. ..{...r. ,.. }
:v :A.. ::ry--.-
.;.,
. :. ... ...,...i. v:. ra r,.... i { .:. ....: .. :•n:a.. ::{;Y.}.N:. .ti'':.:•-. ?f:•:{:•J.:{{•.r•`.•f:': r.:•:/i.•{{•:v.{i{i?•Y,:6.A.....
}. ♦ , t
.......a. .....,f. ...,.. ..:n r. :..{.v{ .. ..r...r•4..frf... }J.. .r...... :•}.4.}::• }::%$::-::•:}:;i
T. w...
•..•.. .a•.....•.Ar.• .... ... �•�y•� r -}•:::. !.•..,:L•t::•:••.. •Y. !•1•.:•:}.4:1,:: .r-....r ..SV....'
.. ....}.... J......,. •..J..F A • .•.J ..�. ..R.•.. ... .1 Y.. r r. .. . ..
:.:Y.:..:.::
• ..... .. ....... .......... A -'7':...{.... ..r.#., ,.}}.f.r....... ....r.F 4... .X+. .A.:4:.: ..{.. ^}n .%'--ti-::}:v:.......... r.:}:R•..Lv.•:•:•:•'•:•:-:...6-.:-:
................• #.. r... ......-M1.i:.•.•..,..... :fi. t...:. ..., ...:'4.{.. ..r...aat. .a.. .. ....::•n,5:,::v.....:•. ••:• .n... :•:i t•.:,•.;.,.j:.
......... :....... .... f r. lir..R r� ':..•.:
r.......
4.
X....... .... .. .... F .;L{:.:..
... ..h.......L....n .......,.a\.....:a... .:'A x....xp L.fif ,.... ...........♦ + ... .........:.•..Y.S:•: i}}:::}:•:v:4'•: :•:{•}:}:•}x:•:t•:{{:{:•:{•
.... ,.. •... ........r.........+. ...}. .%...Y.r .>.... 'v.....M1.r....+C .rv..J.. .•f........r...v..{.. .{.t... ..�.Y •}}:2.;r :;:r:�:•,ir;:;:{:y:..
... .... ....fi.....:.......... , .. .v. f n,.........r..,.... :::•• ..v•:J:•..... - ....;...;.:;:}:i Vii:}::
..... . : .......t.....}.:C.}. Af..f r...... . .{.. .Y• ... . A.. .{L.......•..•.A r:. .:.:.{V.:': ., :::..f%•: •:1:�}}::'.
........ .... i: 'L... .... h. .{{ .. .. ...rfF'.., .. .R Xi .. •:n•.4 '•J�J( Fi}?ti:: .:.,. .LY. �?'r:�'�:�'r:•:•'�'•::i?Jn?: r•.i�.`:�v)}:4'fi}:4:•::4:?�}:-:iv::
w.::..:....::•r....!........r.......... ......rA..,.., ..'L,ya4. .Y iT%.. :•''J :n4.4.•. .ri.•: :.�.::{/t.... '.'{§: v.�.... '{r}:}vA• t.
.......r. ............RA. .. l h •::::
....... ..................J....... ......... .. L .,:rY... { r .......x{•:.••.... •.,•:•r..... ..{Y::. {...{, f., .rA•.Y:.Yr..r:.Y:::::•::::::::
F n}A q .�Y.. ....4v r. r n.} r...... .}..... ..,. L •.v}v.Y:.Y .L..:.• :•:�v}}:•.....•}.. •:N.
:.v:fi: •{+:/ h S r Y fi.L {'l 'di. .k ..S. .}. :.{•. v:•:::..n....i.J
..;.. .........n ...:v.. }X 7S}pf{r yyrr .. .. .. ..fi•.•:}}•L r ..Y::l��i$f.,.a�:a:Y. r Yr: ,=:n: YSi{{•}:•,:'.r::.•}'•}:•}:•:•:•y.},
..L..... ... .•51••Y. A (( }...L.:{..X..A.. a,5••A. ..{r:Y:. r A L...• •'i't•:'•}}J:•i:{:......A..L.....•L...•.n.r}:.�:::.�:.Y:..:r
..r............:}•. .•. ..... } l .fi.. }. ra{.• 7+ 'fa•r•}N. •r. !.>.•.. :{ry:`•f.`• .r.r.r....A•}: }.. .A....................
r�{ yy..��c:�
....... 'i•.aw.�:::::•.•.•:::.:Y:•:.. .....'% {. •'r•r:'.rY`•.. ;- ?frl:•M1 ,{• •.,"-r`..: }.}.R.;r.
...,... ........................a.....r ........a.1.�aA....a r....r... .4:{•:.•.. r.;:.•:::•:.L••:::.
•t T.Fr J• .`r. .f LA•.•L.A..J•{..• .•,':iK ,,,dY••.. •'J•rAV:. .•:. '•:i•.:4.Y•
.L..r.. .. A d
....................................... A...... .. .• : :••L :••;•.• :•.AL •!' R ..........A..... •.:': •r V. ixL....La..r:::1 y'.a t{t ..J•Y}::'•:'::{:•}::ti'�!L{•}:•}':ti:}:•........L•:}:a1?{ti5:''::�:Y•}::•:}
.....................................n .....;;.r...{..:r+.;3,;.: ,l�. #C,�.k5}v. .:f.•.: :•.•..•f}{v.•.:},}.r. •\.:.,. ,+J .1..>• :{}.., .rr.
....;.L ..Lr FL. r.•.h..:.{i,.;,...r �.r.. ,n..,.r. .vA-.r.:::-•.Y.l.:.+ •T:.• :v:,:•:.�::.•r::: Yr...::.Y,.;.;.r....:-I.
.....•::-
•f }r r f , :.Y}:.A.
:...:............:........;......:, .n4... } '}r ,}. r}Tt/ r i}li'':'fi? •b: '•:}':w: "f'4 :r}`,:}:::y:}s'}'• :y':}.. "r'ii•A•}:}.v:A•r• :.4:.....v.
. ......::.::.:... :t .y.,.{.•:ai:}:} k:•-}:J'.A xJ..,{+�.f .Or{. Y'''r• 4}f}h�'{:iYK:•:`•f r.Y:. :fa:•}r••4f:. .r,.,•.,{k{.f 1.J.4:ti•}>} ::}....Y.Y:.•::•rr 4::•:r•r::•::f:::{•L.:::,:::•::�.:;:}:: ::
..:.....:..,.•... ..L-Z'. - .. \ .. ;}4::1 }S Fr$Y ;?:(};}?M1,' - 4•}:. •}::. .}..
L
b :?. v.',.,...f i :f.} f: )• Ar:'':: r•IL 1 }. }. J...::{:}{:•::•::::::i:
{'L >v+}'' •-S 'v )r tiffy N}.•h {y} ::v .L•.Yr7•}'f). .r.''ii'F '•:-}:rr.•.+:A••}h .r.}rf.J•::f::}:r}..
} L
3 fN X
d! NN f
{i.
Yy
rJrtr r r.�i.l:t A•N J i f a: rf .•:}i}Y. r"i.%r' }.' .a. }......•l.f!. rr. •}r•• .•f.r..S.. .)'.
.......::.:..........:.....,:...,..:.:•-�:. .^SSNN{:••:#kr•J:: i fr rr::rff' f -i'�: :}} ,rr r"ifr A ::SS..f •S{f:•rS:•f. �N'-n5•.L:• f\n,v:}r r f•ixfN: N•:r...rr::}..r:.ri.:!:;'';:::?::�' :';:�:•.
` :ti•:NA{ :i rfN f�,Cif'•:}! :::yf}r •JS,M•.'•:''s:•: „ A• k•t•t• :lf.' ..}r.•`,.": :{2 t':;�,.+::h}.••}-:rr,}cr::Sr:ry.
•:-:�- •fff.• ,{{r.t J •{r f •Y•�1M1•'J :/i •S :S':•: :?L•.•. L• :i':1.:'.•.+.. }'i?r'1':::::•:':::•.:•::}::;:'::::•:
�y.': }. J •}N!f}•.5:•fh 'frr' •rJl:•:• nti.•, M1 A...J}:".•5•,' h!.
{.r. :A:f f.J}ti:•}. .> .LS: '3} .Sfr v•.. .t.:
•{ 7py 7�4{ b:•. :'�v r 'n :ia... .r::,..:••r:•.Y:•.v.,d::•!::}.:�r::;;'}•'?:;':;.••'{:'•..:
•r+ii nv+.':r:.v::+r.�;r nr 1' •A�. v'tiA.-r.'rr7-¢ ::':f�. .:>�'' ¢•.,�:'.1'•Y.4...
J n` .A:h, L• h'. .> .A. i{}'' •:i/{A/}•.YF..;r...}•.vhv::a•:.:Yh:..
•.t a•:J. N •A J 1.7 •J x.-f:}L}•r A:{.•.. '.Ca i fn.{: ;{•:•.....,..a....n.'.......
01"M
:c :.{..
:nX •F+ ..r• '.{v •:d ~::K:,•.• .r.., vfCvrn.... .\.!•n•.4.Yr f.:vN••:• :•fi:t
•\r �':i LSC, :i#.Y-
cf' Y•}{'r }:{2 xt{i•}'4:?•: }r4:•:}•i}{•:}iitit{:}{':':;•;•
'-'.!::-'''*':.:%::�:'.'".-
?`: 3:+fhk+::f i. {•F• , F'>'�s'y:' 4.,f9K :•}Ssa,v.. .... x}}..... }..�!:1,;::';•}:•:xr:
it :x? .m•,}, , !}; ,J •.v:fr•:'i.'?{�} },{ ti fR.FiS' Y}�Yr,i \. .r r i. a r a,
ff R' r F{vr;.}5�e fis.Fa fi!{$ Y k::• r L}•}} h•h k;f,?!f}-']� Spy �'' AW �• �t �. r �i..,• :,•.••••{Y'•:•:LY',;ry,fi•r }yl•,>i•T,j?y{Ryiy�;:a-
;};:: ,. j ,r, F7r?{T:"{,•} 317y t\4Ja1;�3,.R;Jdtiy:'a, L r<;,y ::+sr$L')-.;!?:ji}f',:)::YY:x.>.•}.:,.4}:i{:.:
rf• yi/.•LYA• ••}fv. v .•L.•,i}-Jy.•:); ,x,: ti..Yx M,r
L
- Y }:'r::;Y.fr t•. :.;} } _ {•. r j •{4�, '1•:�. .}Y,•;:'r' r;. {,} t,. }}>,.
". ..'...,
Y$$ 4. •}.A Y' J> } •}r{ •r.�••}J�!'rr ?;S_:i 5'•. {r y;: L.. :•:{`•.)•• y.R:;;v}:.
.., ..` r :a{• is:?R1v.L �+,. .fh v:- v.. i>. a•'{:: •. �+}d.. f Ci
:.•;.;.
:{n•, rS:;' 'f{•;h:;f}.•.v• .A .,}L;.; :10;,`/.v: ;>}}~:{SSf-av'}{r,• r
.:.:...:......:..•..::::.:.:
.
..:.....•.::-::.
;.'::�:• ..... J:h ?r... Sf: :i•'�•aiY... :afii:
.. .. .... .......•.•............':
,..... .... ...
:::::........:...::..:::.:. �gss oa:..:.:..:::....::...::z000-oa:::::::......:.:..:.Zo . 2:::. ::.:.:..:..2002-03:. .:.. .:..: ooa:o4.:.::.::.. ::.:.......2ao -o5.:: :..:...::..:...:
�iS�AL YEAR
IME Program 10830 Gen.Fund N Subventions Reimb. 0 Federal M Program 10-FedJReimb. El Prop 13 ■Capital Outlay/Sed.Removal
critical electronic information systems and mapping capabilities recommended in The lack of funding
the 1997 Flood Emergency Action Team report. DWR will have difficulties
to prevent levee .
providing 24-hour coverage at its Flood Operations Center during a flood
n r have n reductions in funding for flood capital deterioration will mean
emergency. In addition, a e bee g p
outlay and flood subventions programs,the State programs that fund new flood that Mere Wille more
protection projects.
flood fights during Rood
Emergency flood-fighting efforts by State and local teams have been
events,and fewer
responsible for saving many leaking levees during major flood events. Without
these emergency response actions countless more levee failures,loss of life and resources available to
th g cy p
property damage would have resulted. The lack of funding to prevent levee save distressed levees
deterioration will mean that there will be more flood fights during flood events,
. and prevent flooding.
and fewer resources available to save distressed levees and prevent flooding.
Whether it is associated with a major.capital improvement or routine
maintenance,there are major costs associated with environmental consultation,
permitting,ecosystem protection and the mitigation aspects of any flood
management effort. In addition,many non-structural flood management
r''f�i�i��}�x8t'�r '�.5.
}1•'-Y/ I'J 11
::: ::rt. ,v.;
EMMRESPONDING To CALIFORNIA'SFLOOD CRISIS
ti
-hf
.v-
t•
Emergency Crews Placing Sandbag Rings Around Seepage Boils at the Base of a Levee along the
San Joaquin River During the 1997 Floods.
methods are now being pursued,such as the establishment of floodplain corridors
and the use of setback levees. These endeavors commonly require more resources
than those used in more traditional programs years ago. Consequently,the
funding needs for the current flood management system are now much greater
because of the requirement to incorporate environmental protection and
restoration activities more explicitly in these programs.
The need for increased funding at the local level to deal with a deteriorating
flood control infrastructure while pursuing nontraditional and environmentally
benign approaches is particularly difficult. The passage of Proposition 218
requires that local assessment increases be approved by two-thirds of the voters.
Local flood control agencies have found it extremely difficult to educate voters
about the risks of flooding and gain enough support to approve the higher
assessments necessary to support an adequate flood control infrastructure. In
many cases,the local attitude appears to be,a reluctance to pay for increased
assessments when the State will pay for any flood damage that might result. The
Paterno decision reinforces this attitude. This greatly contributes to deferred
maintenance at the local level and a substandard flood control infrastructure that
is a liability for California taxpayers.
F;.c�•v':%3L�+�.,'�s��..t.�'.''+`fry!a{�r. •;ca�i2+"S:'�', 8c�rwYs'.
12
RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES
RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES TO RESPOND TO
CALIFORNIA'S FLOOD MANAGEMENT CRISIS
Effective flood management lies at the heart of a safer,healthier and California's flood
economically stronger California. Today,we have the opportunity to take stock of
management challenges
the current situation,improve our programs,invest wisely,work with
communities and local agencies,and make a difference for the future. The path to run deep-but
sound flood management will mean accepting positive changes and require a determined action by
significant commitment of human and financial resources.But business as usual
is not an option. California's flood management challenges run deep-but California's leaders can
determined action by California's leaders can help reduce the toll-both human help reduce the tall-
and financial-of flood disasters. both human and
Several excellent studies have been completed recently that provide guidance financial-of flood
for flood management solutions,including:
disasters.
0 Final Report-Governor's Flood Emergency Action Team,May 10,1997.
Interim Report-Sacramento and San Joaquin River Basins,California,
Comprehensive Study,December 20,2002.
a Final Recommendations Report,California Floodplain Management Task Force,
December 2002.
In addition,the Water Education Foundation,DWR,and the State
Reclamation Board recently cosponsored a workshop on flood management
options and opportunities. This workshop provided a forum where aspects of the
current.crisis and many potential solutions were discussed by flood control
managers and experts. Collectively,these studies and discussions showed that
immediate,short-term remedies were urgently needed in many areas of the
Central Valley flood control system. However,there was also consensus that a
parallel approach was needed to develop and implement a long term vision and
set of solutions to this crisis.
The following recommended strategies are intended to provide a framework
for both short-term and long-term future actions:
MM RESFC3NDING TOCALIFORNIA'S FLOOD CRISIS
:E
RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 1:
Ensure the integrity of existing flood project infrastructure through improved
maintenance programs.
The State should develop a proactive and collaborative process to properly
maintain flood control facilities that balances public safety and environmental
protection:
Provide adequate funding and staffing to keep pace with current and projected
maintenance requirements.
z= Improve levee inspection programs.
Perform deferred maintenance(e.g.sediment and vegetation removal at critical
weirs,pump replacement,maintenance yard repairs).
• Increase staffing and support for State Reclamation Board activities.
• Aggressively form Maintenance Areas to deal with deferred maintenance.
The State should work with environmental groups and agencies to
incorporate environmental protection practices in its maintenance programs:
Develop a framework agreement with resource protection agencies to allow
critical maintenance to implement agreed-upon mitigation measures and to
provide a process for developing long-term maintenance solutions.
Develop a"Safe Harbors Program"to effectively manage issues associated with
threatened and endangered species.
��4 Develop a"Mitigation Banking Program"to facilitate the permitting and
u^'„
maintenance of flood control projects.
Eliminate Fish and Game code criminal liability exposure for individual
employees performing within the scope of maintenance work.
Work with the Army Corps to revise project operations and maintenance
manuals to accommodate environmental values that are compatible with the
flood control function.
14
HECOMMENDED STRATEGIES
RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 2:
Evaluate the integrity and capability of existing flood control project
facilities and rehabilitate those that are economically viable.
The State should partner with the Army Corps and local agencies to:
N Evaluate the system's levees using current Army Corps standards.
KH Rehabilitate levees and other project features found to be deficient.
* Modify the system,where required,to provide adequate levels of flood
protection and to resolve design deficiencies.
* Authorize the Third Phase of the Sacramento River Bank Protection Project.
* Amend the Water Code to address the problem that occurs when local agencies
and/or the Army Corps prevent necessary rehabilitation by refusing to share the
cost.
in Develop a State program to continuously evaluate system performance and
capacity,and to widen the scope of routine inspection.
* Seek congressional and legislative deauthorization of flood control project
facilities that are no longer economically viable(e.g.projects with rehabilitation
or O&M costs that exceed the flood damages avoided).
* Develop a strategic long-term flood control plan that would dictate
improvements over time to provide high levels of flood protection for urban
areas and to restore ecosystem functionality.
RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 3:
Improve the effectiveness of emergency response programs,
The State should implement proposals from the 2002 Sacramento and San
Joaquin River Basins Comprehensive Study for Enhanced Flood Response and
Emergency Preparedness:
Enhanced detection of flood potential through improved flood forecasting data
and procedures.
15
E '�� �i�°i 11 � N RESPONDING TO CALIFORNIA'S FLOOD CRISiS
aff Increased lead-time for notifying emergency response agencies.
Improved local agency response capability.
The specific steps for implementing these proposals include partnering with
the Army Corps and local agencies to:
� Increase staffing for flood operations and flood forecasting programs.
.� Restore dual path telemetry to river stage,rainfall,and temperature data.
E Implement statewide emergency preparedness coordination and training
programs.
Improve stream gaging and forecasting capabilities.
RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 4:
Create a sustainable fund to support flood management programs.
California's flood management programs desperately need a sustainable set
of funding sources to not only finance flood management activities,but also to
provide reimbursement for flood damage caused by inevitable failures in the
levee system. A combination of the following sources should be utilized:
N General Fund
11 Bond Funds
W Reimburseable funding from the federal government
Assessment fees from a Central Valley Flood Control Assessment District(see
Recommended Strategy 6)
Mandatory state flood insurance fees(see Recommended Strategy 5)
To provide for a reliable flood control system in the Central Valley,preliminary
estimates indicate that capital improvements on the order of approximately$2
billion would need to be spent over 10-15 years,and an annual maintenance
budget of about$1.00 million would be required thereafter.
"i:7COMMENDED STRATEGIES
RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 5:
Examine existing flood insurance requirements and consider the creation of
a "California Flood Insurance Fund," a sustainable State insurance fund to
compensate property owners for flood damage.
The State should reduce its liability by requiring that all homes and
businesses in areas at risk of flooding,regardless of the level of protection,have
some form of flood insurance. This will require legislation to enable the State to
implement a system of flood insurance similar to the National Flood Insurance
Program(NFIP),yet more comprehensive
This approach provides a means of compensation for flood damage that is
not dependent on the State's general fund and paid for by those who are at risk of
flooding. Within the Central Valley,the area covered by this program would be
smaller than the State Reclamation Board's jurisdictional area,but larger than the
boundaries of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Drainage District. Other State
floodplains would also be included in this program. In general,the higher the level
of protection provided by flood control measures,the lower the premiums paid.
The program could be implemented by a statewide insurance fund or by
simply requiring those at risk to obtain private insurance. Premiums would be
based on parcel size and land use. It would be assumed that a statewide
insurance program would be a"no fault"program and would require waiving the
right to sue. Any insurance program should be integrated with the federal NFIP
and/or local flood assessments to incorporate deductions or credits,along with an
alignment of benefits.
This program would be mainly aimed at compensation for flood damage.
However,if alternative funding strategies are not implemented(see
Recommended Strategy 6),then this insurance fund could be expanded to fund
operations and maintenance of flood control facilities and floodplain
management activities along with capital outlay projects.
17
------ -
-
- -
---- ------------ ------------------- -
----------- -----------
----------------
RESPONDING TO CALIFORNIA'S FLOOD CRISIS
RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 6:
Create a Central Valley Flood Control Assessment District with fee
assessment authority to provide adequate flood control protection for the
regional benefit of participants.
Amending existing Water Code provisions regarding benefit assessments within
the Central Valley for flood control purposes would allow the assessment of parcels
that benefit from flood control projects. This financial strategy is intended to
distribute the costs of flood control measures among those that benefit from them,
thus relieving the general taxpayer in California of the burden. It is also intended to
provide a reliable and sustainable funding source for critical flood control efforts.
Funds from these assessments would be used for operating and maintaining
flood control facilities,for rehabilitation and replacement of these facilities,
maintaining floodplains and upgrading floodplain maps,and for related
environmental protection and restoration activities.
In the absence of mandated flood insurance programs(see Recommended
Strategy 5),assessments could also be used to compensate people for flood damage.
The principal assessment areas would be located in the Central Valley. Alternatives
would*include-,
M One assessment district for the entire valley.
Txo assessment districts,one for the Sacramento Valley and one for the San
Joaquin Valley.
M Three assessment districts,one for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta,one for
the Sacramento Valley upstream of the Delta,and one for the San Joaquin
Valley upstream of the Delta.
Assessments could be imposed not only on parcels within floodplains,but
also on upland areas in the drainage basins that drain into the floodplain.
Manmade activities in the upland areas affect runoff which generally increases
the demands on the flood control system in low-lying areas.
18
RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES
RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 7:
Update floodplain maps and provide better flood risk education to the public
and agencies that authorize development,
DWR could implement several floodplain management tools to reduce the
future public risk due to flooding:
Me Active implementation of FEMA map modernization and DWR'Awareness
Mapping"programs
* Provide notice to owners of parcels located in floodplains
* Reinvigorate State's designated floodway program
Acquire flood easements
Encourage FEMA to establish a mandated flood insurance program for homes
behind levees with preferred risk options
RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 8:
Reduce taxpayer exposure for funding flood disaster claims through
legislative or constitutional changes.
0 The Legislature should revise the State's Tort Claims Act(Government Code
Section 810 et seq.)to preclude recovery of damages from the State due to
flooding,based on any tort theory or cause of action. Add a specific immunity
for flood protection activities,similar to those provided for police and
correctional activities,Government Code Section 844,and fire protection
activities,Section 850.
The State Constitution should be amended to exempt flood control projects
from inverse condemnation liability. Inverse condemnation was the basis for
the Patemo decision.
0 The State Constitution should be amended to exempt local flood control
agencies from the two-thirds voting requirements of Proposition 218.
19
-------------------------------------------
RESPONDING TO CALIFORNIA'S FLOOD CRISIS
----------
RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 9.
Implement a multimobjective management ement approach for fioodplains where
feasible.
One way to meet environmental requirements in an era of diminishing funding
for flood protection projects is to incorporate flood protection practices into multi-
objective floodplain management projects. Multi-objective floodplain management
projects will enable flood managers to leverage other sources of funding for flood
system maintenance. These projects will result in habitat enhancement rather than
simply mitigating for environmental impacts,thereby minimizing environmental
concerns. Multi-objective management should be the first choice for flood
protection where it is feasible and funding partners can be found.
Depending on the circumstances,multi-objective management of floodplains
may yield some or all of these benefits:
M Increased flood protection
Ecosystem restoration
11 Farmland protection
• Groundwater recharge
• Recreation
• Open space preservation
RECOMMENDED STRATEGY 10:
Evaluate potential policies and procedures that may determine the State's
capacity to fund levee maintenance, infrastructure improvements and
emergency response in the Delta.
DWR and the California Bay-Delta Authority(CALFED)have committed to
carrying out a Comprehensive Program Evaluation(CPE)for the CALFED Delta
Levees Program. As part of the CPE or concurrently with it:
The State should prioritize which islands and levees should be maintained and
protected,and to what levels.
The State should work with local and federal agencies to establish criteria for
funding and participation in any emergency response or flood event.
0 The State should establish a fund for immediate emergency response in the case
of a levee failure and island inundation. Such a fund would provide for rapid
response to contain the emergency and prevent cascading failures to adjacent
islands,and allow time for the coordination of a full,long-term response.
1
20 it-it
RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES
REFERENCES
California Floodplain Management Task Force,"California Floodplain
Management Report-Recommendations of the California Floodplain
Management Task Force,"December 12,2002.
Robert Kelley,"Battling the Inland Sea-Floods,Public Policy,and the
Sacramento Valley,"University of California Press,1989.
Resources Agency of,California,"Final Report-Governor's Flood Emergency
Action Team,"May 10,1997.
State Reclamation Board and the United States Army Corps of Engineers,
"Sacramento and San Joaquin River Basins California,Comprehensive Study-
Interim Report,"December 20,2002.
United States Army Corps of Engineers,Sacramento District,"Sacramento and
San Joaquin River Basins,California,Post-Flood Assessment,"March 1999.
Water Education Foundation,"Layperson's Guide to Flood Management,"1998.
21