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This Climate Protection Report outlining measures taken by the County and some other local
governments to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was prepared for the:
Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors
Supervisor John Gioia, District
Supervisor Gayle B. Uilkema, District II
.Supervisor Mary N. Piepho, District III
Supervisor Mark DeSaulnier, District IV
Supervisor Federal Glover, District V
November 7, 2005
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This report was prepared by staff designated by the County's Climate Change Working Group
(comprised of Department Heads of the Community Development Department, General Services
Department, Health Services Department and Public Works Department). The County Board of
Supervisors formed the Climate Change Working Group in May 2005 and directed that the Working
Group begin work on a model ordinance identifying best practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
in August 2005.
Staff developed this report based on research of Climate Action Plans and related ordinances prepared
by local governments, which lists the measures they selected to mitigate their local sources of GHG
emissions and are within their authority at the city or county level. Although there are many measures
listed in this report, they only represent a fraction of the measures taken by cities and counties
throughout the United States. It is likely that more measures could be identified with input from other
knowledgeable sources, including additional County staff from Departments which have authority over
other potential local sources of emissions such as buildings (Building Inspection) and agriculture
(Agriculture) as well as experts in the field of GHG emissions.
All relevant measures known to staff that the County has already either partially or fully implemented
are listed in this report. Those measures which have not been implemented by the County or could be
expanded upon are identified with the subheading "Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe
dependent on additional funding)". Additional research and analysis should be conducted to
determine feasibility and effectiveness of certain measures, due to their complexity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION �
SOURCES OF GHG EMISSIONS mommummommussm was I
Table1. Sources of GHG Emissions.........names newness mesa Maness was mouses now assommuseemes masses Demeans@ was anemones masses museum a 1....................................... 1
TYPESOF GHG EMISSIONS...............................................................................................................2
Table 2. GHG Composition by Type of Gas...................................................................................2
MEASURES TO REDUCE INTERNAL GHG EMISSIONS 3
COUNTYBUILDINGS...........................................................................................................................3
1. Use sustainable design and construction techniques in new buildings and remodeling projects ................3
2. Design new buildings so energy efficiency exceeds State code requirements............................................4
3. Improve energy efficiency of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems..............................4
4. Improve energy efficiency of indoor lighting systems...................................................................................4
5. Install additional energy efficiency technologies in buildings.........a a's a a a 0 a a a 0 a a a a a&a 9 9 a a a a 0 a a a a a a a a 0 a a a a a 6 a a a a 0 0 a a a a a a a a a a a a 8 a a a a 4..................4
6. Perform energy assessments on facilities.................................0 a a a a 0 0 0 0 0 a a a a a a 0 0 0 a 0 a a a 0 0 a a 8 a a 0 a a 0 0*0 a a 0 a 0 a-a a a a a 0 a a 0 0 0 a a a a 0 a-a--"a 5................................................5
7. Install cogeneration plants to reduce use of natural gas..........a 0 0 a 0 a a a a-*a a-0 a a 5 a a-a 0 a a a a a a*--a a 0 a a-a-a 0-a 0 0 a a*a 0 0 a-a-a 0 0 a a a a 0 0 a*-a 5...................5
8. Use renewable power...........................................................no- 5..........................................................................5
9. Install district heating and cooling plants.............................0 a a 0 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 a a 0 a a 0 0 0-a a-0 0 a a a a a 0 0 a a 0 a 0 0 0 0 a a a 0 0 a 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 a 0 a a a 0 a-0 a a a 5..............................................5
10. Use cool roofing systems for buildings.................................... ......... . .........................................................5
11. Install shading improvements on buildings...................................................................................................6
12. Retrofit existing buildings with insulation and thermally resistant window film.............................................6
13. Participate in energy demand response programs.......................................................................................6
14. Incorporate efficiency and sustainability criteria when selecting sites for new buildings and leases...........6
15. Use commissioning agents for new building projects...................................................................................6
16. Consider potential climate impacts and life-cycle cost analysis prior to investment in capital facilities .......7
COUNTY RIGHT-OF-WAY& OUTDOOR INFRASTRUCTURE............................................................7
17. Use LEDs in traffic signals............................................................................................................................7
18. Use LEDs in pedestrian signals, street lights and lighted street name signs...............................................7
19. Use solar energy to power outdoor lighting ..................................................................................................7
20. Reduce pavement widths for roads...............................................................................................................8
21. Explore alternative paving materials and techniques....................................................................................8
22. Explore the use of cool paving materials when repairing/resurfacing parking lots.......................................9
23. Minimize use of concrete and limit use to blended concrete........................................................................9
24. Replace unnecessary pavement in existing_parks and playgrounds with landscaping or permeable
surfaces....................................................................................................................................................9
25. Use water conserving landscaping and irrigation systems...........................................................................9
26. Plant trees and other landscaping in existing medians and parking lots................0 a a a 0 a a a a a a 9 8 a 0 a a 8 a a 0 a a a a 0 a 8 a a a a a a 0 a 10
27. Establish tree planting and maintenance program for County owned and/or maintained land ..................10
28. Use natural vegetation and landscaping around paved surfaces...............................................................11
COUNTY F L E E T 11
29. Purchase electric vehicles...........................................................................................................................11
30. Purchase hybrid vehicles............................................................................................................................12
31. Purchase compressed natural gas vehicles ...............................................................................................12
32. Install fueling stations/infrastructure for alternative fueled vehicles............................................................12
33. Install diesel particulate traps on heavy-duty vehicles................................................................................12
34. Minimize purchase of sport utility vehicles..................................................................................................12
35. Capture evacuated vehicle air conditioning freon& refrigerant..................................................................12
COUNTYPROCU REM ENT mass musummus was amommums musummom on musummommosom summonses son mumommummummoss mom amass now Mason mammon mommum mosses museum 13.............................................................13
36. Print businesses cards on recycled-content paper.....................................................................................13
37. Purchase recycled-content office supplies..................................................................................................13
38. Purchase recycled-content office furniture..................................................................................................14
39. Purchase high efficiency motors, appliances and equipment.....................................................................14
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT _=
40. Purchase recycled-content carpeting..........................................................................................................14
41. Require bids for building materials to include pricing for environmental specifications..............................14
42. Require contractors to include environmental specifications in bids for new County buildings..................14
43. Adopt and enforce environmental purchasing ordinance............................................................................15
COUNTY WASTE (REUSE & RECYCLING).... ..................................15
44. Reuse and recycle office equipment and furniture...................................a 0 a a a a 0 a a a a 0 a a a a 0 a a a a a a 0 a 0 0 a a 0 a a a a a a&a @ a a a a a a a a a a 6 a 15................................15
45. Reuse and recycle building materials.........................................................................................................15
46. Print and copy documents using double-sided pages......................................a 0 a a 0 0 a a 0 a 0 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 8 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 16......................16
47. Collect recyclables from County buildings and parks.................................................. 6.......................16
48. Recycle municipal landscaping debris.............onessommosommems was Names wasomeme mongooses @a a 16...............................................16
COUNTY EMPLOYEE VEHICLE TRIPS.............................................................................................17
49. Encourage eligible employees to telecommute......Osseo...............................................................................17
50. Provide financial incentives to employees participating in a vanpool.........................................................17
51. Provide financial incentives to employees using mass transit.....on Doessomom some 17
52. Encourage flex schedules and compressed work weeks...........................................................................18
53. Require employees to use trip-appropriate vehicles...................................................................................18
54. Adopt Smart Drive procedures for staff trips.................................................. 18
.............................................
55. Provide free preferred parking for employees that carpool.........................................................................18
56. Provide bicycle parking for employees........................................................................................................19
57. Provide shower facilities for employees......................................................................................................19
MEASURES TO REDUCE EXTERNAL GHG EMISSIONS 20
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58. Establish urban growth boundaries... on seems a 20........................................................20
59. Incorporate climate protection goals and policies.,into the General Plan....................................................20
60. Incorporate Smart Growth principles and concepts into the General Plan.................................................20
61. Provide density bonuses for affordable housing projects...........................................................................21
62. Encourage mixed use development............................................................................................................21
63. Analyze potential climate impacts prior to making recommendations regarding approval or denial of
developmentprojects.............seasons nommommosom none mosommomossomme an Downs onessess see masons *monsoons was awesomeness 21.......................................................................21
PRIVATESECTOR BUILDINGS.........................................................................................................21
64. Offer weatherization program to help existing buildings maximize energy efficiency.................................21
65. Adopt wood burning ordinance...................................................................................................................22
66. Require re-roofing projects to use cool roofing materials...........................................................................22
67. Require all new buildings to use cool roofing systems...............................................................................22
68. Adopt energy efficiency standards for all development projects.................................................................22
69. Require new developments to facilitate use of solar...................................................................................22
70. Include renewable energy use standards in local building code.................................................................23
71. Require that new residential garages have connections to charge electric-powered vehicles..............Downs 23
72. Require adequate space for storing &collection of recyclables be provided in development projects......23
73. Adopt green building guidelines and rating/point system............................................................................2 3
SITE IMPROVEMENTS (LANDSCAPING, ROADS & LIGHTING)moose mammon monsoons mossommus woommom m.24
74. Preserve and increase urban tree canopy..................................................................................................24
75. Require new developments to plant native trees in medians and common areas .....................................24
76. Require new developments to use drought-tolerant landscaping...............................................................24
77. Require new developments to use water conserving irrigation systems....................................................25
78. Require new developments to maximize use of landscaping and permeable surfaces.............................25
79. Require use of natural vegetation and landscaping around paved surfaces..............................................25
80. Require specified tree shade coverage for all parking lots.........................................................................26
81. Require that trees surround each single family dwelling or low-rise building in appropriate locations.......26
82. Explore the use of reflective or other cool paving materials in new developments....................................26
83. Require developments to install bicycle and pedestrian amenities ............................................................26
84. Require certain new development projects to install traffic calming features......................................Neumann 27
85. Require certain development projects to construct apark-and-ride lot................. 27
86. Require developments to provide designated preferred parking for high-occupancy vehicles and/or
alternativefuel vehicles ..........................................................................................................................27
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
87.
Require certain develapment projects to install features to support mass transit... 27
88. Require certain development projects to install alternative fuel vehicle infrastructure....•••*Bosom gone wasseess sea BOB 0
89. Require energy efficient outdoor lighting and signals in all new developments....ie....a......a.r.....e..,e.ae........!
WASTE REDUCTION AND RE
CYCLING ...wassommumme amommusumme Damon so among was names wommummosomomme mommossom assume 28
90. Conduct junk mail reduction campaign........ anowe was seam sonesoomenesse on Ogg noweeme moseseenesomeno Mason wages 29
91. Help businesses reduce their waste.....Due Sameness a sommenow was was so was asommeass"saneness a see one as 9 on 0 o7sommenew man as..29
92. Adopt variable can rates to promote waste reduction and recycling ...............................................r..........29
93. Provide or mandate rec2
ycling collection services...
94. Offer home composting education and resources.... 30
95. Provide education and outreach regarding disposal alternatives.....a a a a a a 0 a a a 0 a a a a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 a a a a a a 0 a 0 a 0 a a 0 0 a&a a 0 a a a 0 a 0 a 0 a a a 0 a a a a 30
96. Encourage use of recycled materials by manufacturers..was me@ None*seems as wasomono possess was one seem@ a moose a one wasomeones @86 Booms won 30
97. Promote proper handling of toxic discards including household chemicals and electronics..0 a.0 e.a.a a a..!aaaaaa 31
98. Use methane from landfills to generate electricity.......... a a a a 0 a*a 0&0 a a a 0 a a a a 0 a 31
AGRICULTURE 31
99. Adopt local manure management ordinance
..............a.e.r........r...e....l.,...e.....a......e........a...a..ali•,ie.erieiar......i.31
100. Increase no-till crop management techniques........
101. Reduce use of nitrogen fertili�er
102. Reduce equ31
ipment use............... one 32
103. Increase use of agricultural residues for fuel *soon*a 00*8000 age an amass an=was wasseou ago**seam*&noose*some&*mass*one*goo as osesomesse one 32
32
GREENBUSINESS PRACTICES..me no magenewass one son magmas man so*some awe one weemoso gooses so mageogoao&asses*Bases assume 32
104. Green Business Program................0 usages oneeme ameamem we season*no amass ass*son was sommusba.0 so Booms a Newsome moomeas someone Buono uses awesome Dogmas am
TER CONSERVATION.00ousessonaosom wassameneses omegas**names agoomoo @Booms anoweemoseseno wagons awes Daewoo one*new 3
DROUGHT&WA2
105. Water Conservation & Drought Preparation Education....
HABITAT CONSERVATION PLAN.................... 32
106. East Contra Costa County Habitat Conservation Plan Nose 32
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CROSS-JURISDICTIONAL TRANSPORTATION COORDINATION............a.e............a8aaaaaaaa a a a a e•..a 0 r•a a r.a a a a r.../r.....
00
107. Traff ic Signa l Preemption and Flashers.......f....n.e..e.............r........r....,....e../l...1.e•..•e.r.elail....i//.eeiae.a//aeenar!3108. AlternativeFueled Buses
a..a.,a f s a e....f..e i e i.!..e.i e i a..i..a n!!.a a.e i e.a.e!r...f a.e a a..i f.#e i i r i i e i a i.i..a..r i e i a!e r e f•#e e e e..i r e e r!i e..f e n!!!3
BAY AREA AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DISTRICT....re............................. 33
109. Funding for Local GHG Reduction Measures.......moomonseeme an*none Damon Owosso mesas anoweenew omegas on mono sense Wasson Dosages Masson WON awns 33
110. Spare the Air.....a a a a a a a a a 0 a a 0 0 8 a a a a 8 a a a a 0 a a a a a a a a 0 a 0 a a a a a a a 0 a 0 a a a a a a 0 a 8 a a a a a a a a a 8 a 0 a a a a a 0 0 a a a a 0 a 0 a a 0 a a 0 0 0 0 a a a a 0 0 a a a a a a a a a a 0 a a a 0 9 a 0 0 a 0 0 0 a a is a a a a a a a a a a a a 4 a to a34
111. Green Contracting Ordinance... a 34
METROPOLITAN T
RANSPORTATiON COMMISSION... a 34
112. Carpool Requirements on 1-680......r....!••.r.#...........................r......a.......r.....................•..................l............3 4
PREPARE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE 35
ADAPTATIONSTATEGIES Bemoans swoons someone masseuse someone onammen omens Sam Essmom anon was mass manage ass 35
TH ADAPTATION STRATEGIES .......
PUBLIC HEAL
PatientEducation ... a 0 a a 0 a a a a 0 a a 0 a a a a a a 0 a a 8 0 a 0 a a 9 a a a 0 a 0 a 0 a a a 0 a a a a a&a a 0 a 0 a a a 0 0 a a a 0 0 a a a 0 a a a 0 a a a a a a a 0 a a a a a 0 0 a a a 0 0 0 a a 0 a a a a 0 a a a a a a a a 0 8 0 a 0 a a a a 0 a a a a 9 35
Improve Pub
lic Health Infrastructure as****magmas Basso wasomes000&o see Base Bosom,ass museums 36
Prevent Heat-Related Health Problems........
APPENDICES 37
A. LIST OF ACRONYMS USED 37
Be .CITIES FOR CLIMATE PROTECTION CAMPAIGN 38
Co REFERENCES 41
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
INTRODUCTION
SOURCES OF GHG EMISSIONS
Federal, state and local governments have conducted inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions to gain an understanding of the sources of the emissions as well as track changes
over time. After conducting an inventory of GHG emissions, municipalities can target their
efforts to address the most significant sources and effectively reduce their overall emissions.
Table 1 summarizes the sourcesofGHG emissions within the State, Bay Area and several
local municipalities.
Table I Sources of GHG Emissions
Transportation 41.2% 59% 51% 50% 40,10/0
Industrial * 22.8% 12% 10% 4% 6%
Electric Power 19.6% 26% N/A N/A N/A
Agriculture & Forestry 8.0% N/A N/A 6% N/A
Residential & Commercial 8.4% N/A 39% 40% 49%
industrial percentages includes waste sector if separately identified (e.g. Marin)
** residential &commercial percentages includes energy usage by municipal sector
These local governments have conducted GHG emission inventories, based on energy and
waste data, to calculate greenhouse gas emissions for a base year and for a forecast year.
The inventory and the forecast capture emissions from all municipal operations (e.g. county
owned and/or operated buildings, street lights, transit systems, wastewater treatment facilities)
and from all community-related activities (e.g. residential and commercial buildings, motor
vehicles, waste streams, industry). The inventory and forecast provide a benchmark against
which the municipality can measure progress. The GHG inventory is the first of five milestones
in the Cities for Climate Protection methodology which is described in more detail in Appendix
Be
This report was prepared without any data regarding local sources of GHG emissions (usually
identified through a GHG 'inventory) and therefore staff was unable to quantify the relative
impact that the measures have had or could have on the County's overall GHG emissions.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
TYPES OF GHG EMISSIONS
There are four main types of greenhouse gases (GHGs): carbon dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4), nitrous oxide (N20) and high global warming potential (GWP) gases. Table 2
summarizes the composition of GHG emissions by type of gas at both the state and national
level.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released into the atmosphere primarily as a result of the burning of
fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) for power generation and in transportation. It is also
emitted through various industrial processes, forest clearing, natural gas flaring and burning of
organic matter. Some carbon is sequestered (captured/stored) in vegetation and agricultural
soils which keeps it from collecting in the atmosphere.' Consumption of fossil energy accounts
for about 80% of human caused CO2 emissions and land disturbance accounts for most of the
remaining 20%.2
Methane (CH4) is produced primarily as a result of the decomposition of organic wastes in
municipal solid waste landfills and from agricultural and biological processes related to wetland
rice cultivation, livestock digestion and waste. Methane's overall contribution to global warming
is significant because it is estimated to be more than 20 times as effective at trapping heat in
the atmosphere as CO2.'
Nitrous oxide (N20) is naturally produced in soils from .microbial processes. Additions of
nitrogen to soils by the agricultural sector increases the amount of N20 emitted. Nitrous oxide
is also emitted during industrial production activities, solid waste combustion and fossil fuel
combustion. Nitrous oxide is approximately 300 times more powerful thanCO2at trapping heat
in the atmosphere.'
High GWP gases include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur
hexafluoride (SF6). HFCs are primarily used as replacements for ozone-depleting substances,
such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). PFCs and SF6are emitted by a variety of industrial
processes including aluminum smelting, electric power transmission and distribution,
magnesium processing and semiconductor manufacturing.
Table 2. GHG Composition by Type of Gas
Area (Year) CO2 CH4 N20 GWP
United States (2002) 84.5% 7.9% 5.5% 2%
United States (1998) 81.4% 9.9% 6.5% 2.2%
California (2002) 83.3% 6.4% 6.8% 3.5%
California (1998) 87% 11% 2% N/A
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
MEASURES TO REDUCE INTERNAL GHG EMISSIONS
This chapter includes measures that have been partially or fully implemented by the County to
reduce GHG emissions generated directly as a result of County operations (including County
owned or maintained buildings, vehicles and right-of-way). Those measures which have not
been implemented by the County or could be expanded upon are identified under the
subheading "Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional
funding)". Additional research and analysis should be conducted to determine feasibility and
effectiveness of certain measures, due to their complexity.
COUNTY BUILDINGS
Buildings contribute to GHG emissions due to energy consumption. GHG emissions from
buildings have increased by almost 2% per year in the United States since 1990.3 Based on
energy usage, heating (space and water), air conditioning and lighting offer the most significant
opportunities to reduce GHG emissions from buildings.
In recent years, the Board of Supervisors has adopted several progressive policies and plans
regarding the design, operation and maintenance of County buildings. In December 2000 the
Board directed staff to initiate a process to develop principles, policies, and design guidelines
for sustainable County buildings. In March 2001 the Board adopted the Energy Reduction
Action Plan to reduce energy use at County facilities. In February 2004 the Board adopted the
Strategic Energy Plan to implement strategies that will provide the County with a proactive and
comprehensive energy management program.
1. Use sustainable design and construction techniques in new buildings and
remodeling projects
a. Require consulting architects and engineers to utilize the County's "Building Design
and Construction Guidelines" which specify the use of CHPS (Collaborative for High
Performance Schools) strategies for sustainable design and construction, to the
extent applicable and feasible. The CHPS strategies encompass most of a
building's systems, including site planning, furnishings, lighting, day
lighting/fenestration, building enclosure/insulation, and heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC). The CHPS strategies are described in the CHPS "Best
Practices Manual, Volume 2".
b. Implement a structural Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program for County
buildings. Since July 2003, the County has implemented structural IPM in
approximately 30 locations. Each new building placed under the IPM umbrella
results in the reduction of hundreds or even thousands of gallons of pesticides
dispensed and paid for by the County.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding);
c. Review/revise building design and construction standards on an ongoing basis, as
new information, building practices, technologies and codes emerge.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
d. Expand the structural IPM program.. The goal is to expand the County's structural
IPM program by 10 new locations per year.
e. Require consulting architects and engineers to implement a minimum number of
sustainable design and construction strategies for each County building project (new
buildings and remodeling projects). Alameda County has taken the extra step of
adopting and implementing a Green Building Ordinance for County Buildings.
2. Design new buildings so energy efficiency exceeds State code requirements
a. Require consulting architects and engineers to design energy usage in new County
buildings to be at least 10% below California's Title 24 code requirements.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Further increase the energy efficiency construction standards (e.g. 15% below
California's Title 24 code requirements).
3. Improve energy efficiency of heating, ventilation and.air conditioning (HVAC)
systems
a. Install direct digital control (DDC) system for heating, ventilation and air conditioning
(HVAC) systems in major facilities and all new and remodeled buildings. A DDC
system uses a centralized computer to adjust HVAC, as needed, to help maximize
operational efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
b. Improve, retrofit and replace HVAC systems in selected buildings. Improvements
include specialized tests (retro-commissioning) and adjustments (calibration) to
return HVAC systems in selected buildings to designed operation. Certain less
efficient HVAC equipment is replaced ahead of schedule, when warranted based on
life-cycle analysis.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
c. Expand HVAC improvement and retrofit program to additional County buildings.
4. Improve energy efficiency of indoor lighting systems
a. Install state-of-the-art lighting technology and systems in selected County facilities.
Light-emitting diode (LED) Exit Signs are being installed in County buildings, which
is one example of energy efficient lighting technology. Continue examining
improvements to stairway lighting that could reduce energy consumption.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Expand lighting retrofit program to additional County buildings.
c. Expand lighting program to integrate control of lighting systems with the direct digital
control system (as described above related to HVAC systems) to optimize efficiency
and include daylight harvesting technologies. Daylight harvesting involves using
sunlight whenever possible instead of artificial lighting in buildings.
5. Install additional energy efficiency technologies in buildings
a. Install variable frequency motor drive technology in selected buildings. This energy
efficient technology can control the speed of motors used in pumps, fans, conveyors,
air compressors and chillers.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
b. Install vending misers on vending machines. A vending miser turns off the lights and
compressor in the vending machine during periods of inactivity (no motion around
the vending machine). Vending misers have been installed.in all appropriate County
facilities.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
c. Install variable frequency motor drive technology in additional County buildings.
d. Test promising emerging technologies that can reduce energy demand and use.
6. Perform energy assessments on facilities
a. Perform energy assessments on major County facilities.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Expand energy assessment and best practices program to additional County
facilities.
7. Install cogeneration plants to reduce use of natural gas
a. Design/install cogeneration plant for the Martinez Detention Facility. This
cogeneration plant will use heat generated by an engine to help heat the boilers,
which will reduce the amount of natural gas used.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Install cogeneration plants for the other County facilities that operate 24-hours per
day (e.g. West County Detention Facility).
8. Use renewable power
a. Install photovoltaic (PV) solar panels on rooftops of certain County facilities. PV
solar panels have been installed at two County facilities in Martinez (Martinez
Detention Facility on Pine Street and an office building located at 50 Douglas Drive).
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Evaluate additional renewable power projects.
9. Install district heating and cooling plants
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Examine potential of district heating and cooling for County facilities in downtown
Martinez. District heating and cooling refers to use of a centralized heating and cooling
plant, consisting of boilers, chillers and piping, to provide heating and cooling to multiple
buildings.
10. Use cool roofing systems for buildings
a. Use cool roofing systems in accordance with Title 24 for new County buildings and
when re-roofing existing County buildings. Cool roofing systems help reduce the
"urban heat island" effect. Urban areas can be 5°-10° F warmer than surrounding
non-urban areas and are therefore referred to as "urban heat islands".
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Explore opportunities to expand use of cool roofing systems.
11. Install shading improvements on buildings
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Install more shading improvements on County buildings, such as window shades and
awnings (use of trees to help shade buildings is discussed in the next section entitled
"County Right-of-Way & Outdoor Infrastructure").
12. Retrofit existing buildings with insulation and thermally resistant window film
a. Install thermally resistant window films on selected County facilities.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Expand installation of thermally resistant window film to additional buildings.
c. Retrofit existing inefficient buildings with insulation.
13. Participate in energy demand response programs
a. Participate in energy demand response programs in selected County facilities to
.reduce electric use during critical periods.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Expand energy demand response participation to more.County facilities.
c. Install real-time power metering to develop power demand limiting capability.
14. Incorporate efficiency and sustainability criteria when selecting sites for new
buildings and leases
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Develop efficiency and sustainability criteria to be used in the selection process for new
leases and building sites. Master planning process for capital projects should identify
opportunities to optimize site and facility utilization, reduce energy consumption and
maximize resource efficiency. In many instances, the selection of the site is the single
most important decision affecting the sustainability of a building.
15. Use commissioning agents for.new building projects
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Hire commissioning agents for new construction projects. Commissioning, a systematic
quality-assurance process that increases the likelihood of a building meeting County
standards, has been shown to result in lower utility bills. Commissioning helps ensure
that: the various systems in a building are designed to work interactively together in an
efficient and effective manner, the building is built so that the systems function and
interact as designed and the building functions properly after it is built and occupied.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
16. Consider potential climate impacts and life-cycle cost analysis prior to
investment in capital facilities
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Reevaluate the concept of "payback". The typical life-cycle cost analysis is usually
restricted to actual "dollars and cents", without regard to the true cost a decision may
have on the climate or environment. The true cost of a decision includes its impact on
factors including but not limited to: depletion of non-renewable resources, pollution,
degradation of the value of important common resources, damage to vital ecosystem
services (such as oxygen production, protection from ultraviolet radiation, flood control).
COUNTY RIGHT-OF-WAY & OUTDOOR INFRASTRUCTURE
The County is responsible for establishing standards for and maintaining various outdoor
features including street lighting and signals, landscaping and roads. There are many
opportunities to minimize GHG emissions from these sources, many of which the County has
already implemented or are in the process of implementing.
17. Use LEDs in traffic signals
Use light emitting diodes (LEDs) in all traffic signals to reduce energy consumption.
The County has upgraded to LEDs in 100% of all traffic signals (signal lights, prepare-
to-stop signs, flashers, school flashers, microprocessor controllers) in the
unincorporated areas. In addition to the unincorporated areas, the County has
contracts to maintain the traffic signals for 13 cities in the County. LEDs have been
installed in a total of 70-80% of all traffic signals maintained by the County (in the
incorporated and unincorporated areas combined).
18. Use LEDs in pedestrian signals, street lights and lighted street name signs
a. Use LEDs in pedestrian signals (walk & don't walk signs). LEDs have been installed
in approximately 25% of the pedestrian signals in the unincorporated areas.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Install LEDs in the remaining 75% of pedestrian signals (walk & don't walk signs) in
the unincorporated areas.
c. Switch out existing less efficient street lighting and lighted street name signs with
LEDs. Technology is moving in the direction of LED for many uses including street
lights because they greatly reduce energy consumption.
d. Install parking lot lighting control and efficiency improvements.
19. Use solar energy to power outdoor lighting
a. Use solar energy in certain locations to energize flashers and retain excess power in
storage batteries. Solar power has been used in a limited amount of apparatus,
such as warning flashers, in remote areas of the County. To date they have not
been totally reliable thus using this type of a power source on a more widespread
basis, such as signals, is not recommended at this time.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Identify additional opportunities to use solar powered outdoor lighting as this
technology advances.
20. Reduce pavement widths for roads
a. Use the minimum amount of pavement necessary to afford the needed safety and
durability. Reduced pavement widths help minimize resource consumption (raw
materials in pavement as well as energy used to extract, manufacture, transport,
install and maintain the paving materials) and related costs. The County is currently
exploring reduced pavement widths to minimize storm water runoff from developed
areas, while considering emergency response needs as well as pedestrian and
bicycle safety.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Incorporate appropriate traff ic calming features (including reduced pavement widths)
into road maintenance standards to help enhance bicycle and pedestrian safety on
existing roads.
c. Identify potential regional, state or federal funding that could be used to purchase
and install appropriate bicycle and pedestrian amenities for future road improvement
projects.
21. Explore alternative paving materials and techniques
a. Explore alternative paving techniques, such as reduced pavement thickness.
Reduced pavement thicknesses, like reduced pavement widths, help minimize
resource consumption and related costs. Using thicker road base material or other
longer wearing pavement surfaces would allow the required thicknesses to be
reduced. The County has standards that require a certain thickness and density of
pavement based on the type of road (collector, arterial, rural road, etc.), the volume
of traffic intended to use the road and the soil type under the proposed road. New
products are continuously being introduced to stabilize the base rock materials
which in turn require a reduced asphalt thickness.
b. Test alternative paving materials. The County's Pavement Management Program is
constantly looking at alternative pavement products and the Road Maintenance
Program tests them in sections in the County. County has utilized some rubberized
pavement made of recycled tires mixed in with a reduced thickness of asphalt which
is supposed to have a longer life and require less maintenance. Some large
developers in the County are also testing alternative paving materials and
techniques in large tracts in an effort to minimize the pavement thickness, as it is
one of the largest costs to their infrastructure requirements. It may take some time
to fully test new materials for acceptable use, as the County's experience has shown
with SierraCrete in East County.
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22m Explore the use of cool paving materials when repairing/resurfacing parking lots
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):-
Explore the use of cool paving materials when repairing resurfacing parking lots. Dark
colored pavements can get up to 40° F hotter than the surrounding air which contributes
significantly to the "urban heat island" effect. Lighter-colored materials have higher
solar reflectance, so they absorb less of the sun's energy and stay cooler. Permeable,
or porous, pavements allow water to filter into the ground, keeping the pavement cool
when moist. Permeable pavements can be constructed from a number of materials
including porous concrete (blended), asphalt and plastic lattice structures filled with soil,
gravel and grass. Use of permeable paving materials would also compliment efforts to
comply with new requirements to minimize and manage storm water runoff from
developed areas.
23. Minimize use of concrete and limit use to blended concrete
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Use as little concrete as possible and only use porous blended concrete. Blended
concrete (e.g. portland and flyash cement) uses less raw concrete which is important
because cement processing and production is responsible for 50% of the nation's
industrial GHG emissions. Porous blended concrete is a cool paving material which
helps reduce the "urban heat island" effect.
24. Replace unnecessary pavement in existing parks and playgrounds with
landscaping or permeable surfaces
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
a. Revise the County Code to reflect the new Regional Water Quality Control Board
(RWQCB) regulations and C.3 provisions, These new C,3 requirements have driven
the County's Clean Water Program to re-examine the way storm water is handled.
Although not specifically intended, there is a very parallel benefit to climate control
from the types of measures identified in the "Stormwater C.3 Guidebook". Many of
the County's ordinances must be updated and changed to comply with the C.3
regulations. In doing this, there are tremendous opportunities to further climate
protection efforts.
b. Identify what sections of pavement in County owned parks and playgrounds are no
longer necessary. These areas can then be de-paved as funding and resources
allow.
25. Use water conserving landscaping and irrigation systems
Require that landscaping and irrigation used on County maintained land meets or
exceeds the requirements of the County's "Water Conservation Landscaping in New
Developments Ordinance" #90-59 (Chapter 82-26 of the County Code).
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26. Plant trees and other landscaping in existing medians and parking lots
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
a. Establish program to systematically plant trees in existing medians while maintaining
the structural integrity of the pavement. Additional plantings in medians and other
County right-of-way is possible, but currently these plantings are only associated
with new development in a formed maintenance district area. Planting trees helps
sequester carbon which reduces the accumulation of GHG emissions in the
atmosphere. See tree planting and maintenance program discussion below
regarding related funding issues.
b. Provide adequate shade trees in existing County owned/maintained parking lots to
reduce the "urban heat island" effect. Urban areas can be 5°-10° F warmer than
surrounding non-urban areas and are therefore referred to as "urban heat islands".
c. Re-examine the County's landscape standards to determine the best types of
vegetation to use in specific areas. An overall increase in trees is possible for
increased shading; although native tree species need less water, irrigation issues
would need to be addressed.
27. Establish tree planting and maintenance program for County owned and/or
maintained land
a. ,Maintain existing trees located on County owned and/or maintained land. Tree
maintenance in public spaces within the County is only done in areas where there is
a defined entity to provide financing. There is no countywide tree maintenance
program, unless the tree is a safety hazard.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Plant shade trees on the east and west sides of County buildings, to maximize the
benefit derived from the shade that the trees provide. Trees help sequester carbon
and when planted near buildings they provide shading and act as a wind break. By
helping protect the building and surrounding landscaping from sun and wind, trees
will reduce energy consumption (air conditioning during the summer and heating
during the winter), reduce water consumption for existing landscaping (plants are
more shaded and there is less drying caused by wind) and reduce consumption of
materials by prolonging the useful life of existing building features (reduced damage
to building window sill areas, reduced sun damage to siding, carpets, drapes and
furniture). Planting additional trees will require additional funding, not only for the
purchase, installation and irrigation, but also for long term maintenance (pruning and
fertilizing) to keep the tree in healthy condition. However, it is also important to note
that planting trees can offer a relatively short payback period on the investment due
to the cost savings related to reduced energy/water use, less frequent replacement
of certain building contents (carpets, drapes and furniture), reduced need for repairs
(window sill areas) and other maintenance by cutting down the dust and dirt entering
a building.
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28. Use natural vegetation and landscaping around paved surfaces
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding);
Use natural vegetation and landscaping around paved surfaces, where appropriate, to
help act as a filter for storm water runoff, without sacrificing the structural integrity of the
pavement. This would also compliment efforts to comply with new C.3 regulations to
minimize and manage storm water runoff. The County's "Stormwater C.3 Guidebook" is
a self-help manual for developers and staff to assist in complying with the new
regulations. The guidebook is a series of best management practices (BMPs) designed
to meet the goals. The initial handbook identified many mechanical BMPs and since
has been updated to move towards using vegetation and landscape based measures to
accomplish the goals. More undeveloped area will be needed in new development
projects to comply with these requirements, thus producing less impervious surfaces
and increasing the amount of landscaping. Examples of some C.3 BMPs which also
help protect the climate include:
• Use landscape strips and planter areas to essentially "filter" storm water before it
enters the public storm drain system.
• Use permeable pavements in non-high traffic areas, such as parking lots.
• Use depressed parking medians in parking lots so the water flows to them and then
into a collection system.
• Increase in overall vegetation to handle the quantity of water, which would also help
protect climate.
COUNTY FLEET
Vehicle emissions account for a majority of the GHG emissions. CO2accounts for over 80% of
the GHG emissions and over 78% of the nation's CO2 is generated by vehicles (62%) and
heavy trucks (17%).4 According to a recent report, the vehicle miles traveled in California is
growing 1.89% per year,5
The Board of Supervisors adopted a policy in August 2000 which required at least 10% of all
County vehicle purchases to be zero emission vehicles (ZEV). The County had purchased
three Toyota Rav4's which were ZEVs, they only worked in limited situations due to the
relatively short range each vehicle could travel in spite of fully charged batteries (batteries
would develop a memory and the range each vehicle could travel with fully charged batteries
would continually decline over time). Toyota Motor Company disbanded the Rav4 electric
vehicle program and subsequently the County had to turn in all three of the Rav4 electric
vehicles. The Board of Supervisors adopted the Low Emission Vehicle and Fleet Policy in
September 2004, which supersedes the ZEV policy. The Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) and
Fleet Policy requires the County to purchase low emission vehicles for a portion of its fleet.
29. Purchase electric vehicles
Purchase electric fleet vehicles to eliminate the constant starting and stopping of
combustion engine vehicles. The County currently has 20 neighborhood electric
vehicles (NEVs) in the fleet. NEVs are similar to golf carts and are primarily used for
grounds maintenance purposes or trips within large complexes.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
30. Purchase hybrid vehicles
a. Purchase hybrid (gasoline and electric) fleet vehicles to increase overall fuel
efficiency. Hybrids produce less air pollutants as compared to a comparable class
vehicle that runs on petroleum fuel only. The County fleet currently has 67 hybrid
vehicles.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Add more hybrid vehicles to the fleet.
31. Purchase compressed natural gas vehicles
a. Purchase compressed natural gas-(CNG) fleet vehicles. CNG vehicles are
considered zero emission vehicles and expanding the use of this fuel will reduce
climate change. The County fleet currently has 34 CNG fleet vehicles.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Add more CNG vehicles to the fleet.
32. Install fueling stations/infrastructure for alternative fueled vehicles
a. Install fueling stations/infrastructure for electric and CNG fleet vehicles. The County
recently installed a "fast fill" CNG fueling facility, in addition to the existing electric
and CNG fueling stations installed in designated County parking areas.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Determine if additional fueling stations or infrastructure will be needed to support the
expansion of alternative fueled vehicles in the County fleet.
33. Install diesel particulate traps on heavy-duty vehicles
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Retrofit heavy-duty vehicles with particulate traps to reduce diesel emissions. The
County has recently applied to the Bay Area Air Quality Management District for grant
funds ($262,500) to retrofit some of the County's heavy-duty vehicles with particulate
traps. The County currently uses super ultra low sulfur fuel for diesel, consistent with
Board policy.
34. Minimize purchase of sport utility vehicles
Limit the purchase of sports utility vehicles for the County fleet to only those cases
which are justified based upon work assignments, consistent with the Board's LEV and
Fleet Policy.
35. Capture evacuated vehicle air conditioning freon & refrigerant
Utilize vehicle refrigerant units that capture evacuated air conditioning freon and
refrigerant so that it is not expelled into the atmosphere and can be reused when
needed. It is a completely sealed system of recovery and installation. The removal of
large equipment refrigerant is done by contractors, however General Services
Department staff removes refrigerant from smaller units and stores the refrigerant until
enough has been accumulated for proper disposal.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
COUNTY PROCUREMENT
GHGs are emitted throughout every product's life-cycle (meaning the production, transport,
use and disposal). Decreasing the supply and demand of materials and products helps protect
the climate in two ways:
• reduces GHG emissions associated with the energy used during extraction,
manufacture, transportation and disposal, and
• increases capture/storage of carbon (known as sequestration) in trees/vegetation and
undisturbed soils
Cement is a drastic example of the significance that an increase in demand for a specific
material can have on GHG emissions. Some 10.7 million metric tons of greenhouse gases
were released in 1998 as a by-product of cement production in the U.S., an increase of 18%
since 1990.' Cement processing and production accounts for 50% of the nation's industrial
GHG emissions.
36. Print businesses cards on recycled-content paper
a. Require that all business cards for County employees be printed on recycled-content
paper. Many of the County's business cards are printed on recycled paper since the
Board policy was adopted in September 1990.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding);
b. Adopt new Administrative Bulletin directing all County departments to print business
cards on recycled-content paper. Administrative Bulletins are easily accessed by
County departments directly over the intranet which should help ensure consistent
implementation of this policy countywide.
37. Purchase recycled=content office supplies
a. Purchase recycled-content toner cartridges. Since the implementation of the County
office supply contract in March 2004, the majority of County departments have been
purchasing recycled toner cartridges, which has resulted in savings of approximately
$30,000 and reduced the amount of new cartridges manufactured for County use.
b. Purchase recycled-content office paper. The County office supply contract offers
both non-recycled and recycled-content paper, however County departments have
the option of selecting either paper type. Review of six months of data regarding
departments' purchases from the County's office supply vendor showed that 70% of
the paper purchases were for non-recycled paper and 30% were for recycled, an
approximate 2 to 1 ratio. If the County switched to using only recycled paper for an
entire year (based on existing volumes purchased), it could reduce GHG emissions
by 270 metric tons of carbon annually. This would be equivalent to taking over 58
cars off the road for a year.
Additional actions) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
c. Replace as many of the office supplies on the County's core list with acceptable
recycled-content equivalents as possible.
d. Equalize prices for recycled vs. non-recycled supplies on the County's core list
during the bid and negotiations processes for future office supply contracts. The
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County is charged $0.24 less for each ream of non-recycled paper compared to the
recycled paper through the County's current office supply vendor.
38. Purchase recycled=content office furniture
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Purchase office furniture that contains recycled-content. Most office furniture on the
market today contains recycled content; the County could consider furniture selection
based upon sustainability (including recycled content). To implement this, the County
would need to develop a standard list of product specifications.
39. Purchase high efficiency motors, appliances and equipment
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Use high efficiency motors, appliances, and equipment (including computers) in all
facilities. The County considers energy efficiency, cost and other factors when making
purchasing decisions; however, there is currently no official mandate that only the
highest efficiency product be purchased.
40. Purchase recycled-content carpeting
Use only recycled-content carpeting in new buildings or when remodeling. The
County has specified the use of recycled-content carpet in all of its buildings for over 10
years. The carpet types specified contain a minimum of 50% post-consumer content.
41. Require bids for building materials to include pricing for environmental
specifications
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Require future building material bids to include pricing for environmental alternatives.
County building material contracts are bid annually. These bids could be sent out with
regular specification and environmental and sustainability specifications (recycled-
content, locally recyclable, durable, less toxic, resource efficient) to be bid as an
alternate. Then based upon the pricing received the County could make a decision to
buy the sustainable materials if they are less expensive or within a specified range.
42. Require contractors to include environmental specifications in bids for new
County buildings
a. Require contractors and vendors to provide products made from recycled and
recyclable materials, where such products exist. The County is currently requiring
this, where economically feasible.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Expand requirements for future bids to include additional environmental
specifications (such as building materials' recyclablility, durablility, efficiency,
toxicity/indoor air quality, etc.)
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
43. Adopt and enforce environmental purchasing ordinance
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Develop an environmental/sustainable purchasing policy. By adopting a sustainable
purchasing ordinance, the County could clearly identify which products should be used,
whether to allow for a price preference or identify any other consideration regarding the
climate that should be incorporated into procurement decisions.
COUNTY WASTE (REUSE & RECYCLING)
The amount of GHG emissions reduced as a result of the paper, scrap metal and computers
recycled by the County's General Services Department in 2004 is roughly equivalent to taking
1,745 cars off the road for an entire year. This only represents the GHG reductions resulting
from some of the materials recycled from County buildings. Furthermore, it does not account
for reuse through the Surplus Program, annual public yard sale or Internet auction website.
44. Reuse and recycle office equipment and furniture
a. Conduct ongoing program to facilitate reuse and recycling of office furniture and
equipment from County buildings. In 2004, a total of 109 tons of scrap metal and
almost 2,000 computer monitors and toner cartridges were recycled through this
program. By recycling these items, the County reduced GHG emissions roughly
equivalent to taking 1,453 cars off the road for an entire year.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Amend policy (Administrative Bulletin 517) that allows departments to destroy hard
drives before sending them to Surplus, rather than erasing ("scrubbing") the data on
the hard drives. This Bulletin states that a list of County approved "scrubbing"
software is available on the Intranet, however this is not the case. As a result, it has
become common practice for departments to destroy hard drives and throw them in
the trash; technically, this is the only way departments can comply with the
Administrative Bulletin. All of these computers without hard drives are now going to
waste because they are no longer being reused by other departments or purchased
from the yard sale or Internet auction. Reusing computers rather than recycling or
disposing of them significantly reduces GHG emissions. Reusing one ton of
computers instead of disposing of them is equivalent to taking 14 cars off the road
for a year.
c. Amend policy (Administrative Bulletin 517) to require that Surplus property only be
disposed with Board approval after exhausting any local donation (e.g. non-profit
organizations) or recycling options. Current policy requires the County to incur costs
for the staff time, fuel and disposal fees that could be avoided if the items were
donated or recycled.
45. Reuse and recycle building materials
a. Require contractors to recycle construction waste from County building and
remodeling projects. When old carpet is removed from.County buildings it is
returned to the manufacturer for use in the manufacture of future products. The
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
amount of construction debris required to be reused, recycled or otherwise diverted
from disposal depends on the job. Factors that can affect the amount of debris
diverted include, but is not limited to, the amount of materials in reusable condition,
local recycling facilities or services for each type of debris and level of
contamination.
b. Direct consulting architects and engineers to reuse as much of the existing
structures and building materials as possible during remodeling projects.
46. Print and copy documents using double-sided pages
a. Print and copy documents using double-sided pages. Some County departments
routinely copy and print documents using double-sided pages, which helps reduce
overall paper consumption.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Identify opportunities to increase the amount of double-sided copying and printing.
Opportunities range from voluntary to mandatory actions. An example of a voluntary
approach would be sending periodic notices to County departments encouraging
use of double-sided pages. Examples of mandatory approaches include adopting an
Administrative Bulletin requiring employees to print and copy on double-sided pages
(except faxes) or changing the specifications for future large copier/printer
purchases to assure that they will copy/print on double-sided pages by default and
only copy/print single-sided when selected for special needs (such as faxing).
47. Collect recyclables from County buildings and parks
a. Collect and recycle paper from 194 County buildings. In 2004, a total of 343 tons of
cardboard and 1,000 tons of mixed paper (includes office paper, colored paper,
newspaper and magazines) were recycled through this program, which is equivalent
to taking 292 cars of the road for an entire year. This does not include the amount of
material recycled from County buildings in West County because they are collected
and processed by the local private hauler.
b. Collect and recycle beverage containers (aluminum cans, glass bottles and plastic
bottles) from approximately 26 County buildings and 7 County parks. In 2004, a
total of 3.8 tons of bottles and cans were recycled through this program.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
c. Expand the recycling collection program for beverage containers (aluminum cans,
glass bottles and plastic bottles) to serve more County buildings, as funding allows.
d. Establish notification system to inform County Recycling Program staff of all office
location changes. County offices periodically move around, close permanently,
close temporarily during remodeling, temporary offices are established and
sometimes new units are established. As a result, from time to time buildings without
paper recycling service are identified. The General Services Department is not
aware of any County offices that do not currently have paper recycling service.
48. Recycle municipal landscaping debris
Divert municipal landscaping debris for beneficial use. Most of the landscaping debris
from County parks or buildings is reused (e.g. grasscycling, using a mulching mower
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
regularly and leaving the grass clippings in place for a healthier lawn) or collected by the
local recycling hauler. The County uses mulch in certain landscape areas fb help retain
water and keep the soil healthy.
COUNTY EMPLOYEE VEHICLE TRIPS
The measures listed below help reduce GHG emissions by reducing the amount of vehicle
miles traveled per County employee. These measures also offer other benefits including,
reducing traffic congestion, maximizing the use of the existing roadway system and reducing
non-GHG emissions. Employees that leave their cars at home just one day a week can
reduce CO2 emissions by 795 pounds per year.8
49. Encourage eligible employees to telecommute
a. Allow employees to telecommute (work from home or alternate work site).
Telecommuting reduces vehicular emissions by eliminating vehicle trips. The Board
of Supervisors approved the County's Telecommuting Program in 1993.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Encourage all County departments to periodically remind employees about the
County's Telecommuting Program.
c. Identify potential opportunities to increase the number of employees that participate
in the Telecommuting Program (e.g. availability of laptop computers for
telecommuting use).
50. Provide financial incentives to employees participating in a vanpool
a. Offer financial incentives (including subsidies) for employees participating in a
vanpool. Since 2003, County employees that sign up for a vanpool through
Enterprise Rideshare, qualify for 25% off monthly vanpool costs.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Secure additional funding to continue 25% vanpool subsidy. The subsidy program is
presently limited to a single funding source which can not be renewed after it is
expended.
51. Provide financial incentives to employees using mass transit
a. Offer financial incentives to employees for using transit or forming anew carpool.
The County offers these financial incentives to employees through "511 Contra
Costa", a comprehensive transportation demand management program, which
promotes alternatives to the single occupant vehicle.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Allow employees to use pre-tax dollars to pay for mass-transit or carpool expenses
(e.g. commuter checks).
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52. Encourage flex schedules and compressed work weeks
a. Allow employees to have flex schedules or compressed work weeks. If employees
work on flex schedules and therefore avoid peak traffic periods, their trips will be
shorter with less idle time and thereby reduce vehicular emissions. Employees can
reduce even more vehicular emissions using compressed work weeks because it
eliminates an entire two-way trip once every one or two weeks. The compressed
work weeks offer additional benefits including reduced energy costs since the entire
office is closed (lights and computers off). Some County departments have
instituted compressed work weeks (e.g. Community Development and Building
Inspection have 9/80 schedules, Public Works has a 4/10 schedule).
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Increase the number of County departments that institute compressed work weeks.
To maximize energy efficiency, department-wide compressed work week schedules
should be implemented (entire office closed one or two days every two weeks)
whenever possible. However, departments that need to remain open every
weekday should implement alternating compressed work week schedules (half of
the employees are off on designated weekdays on alternating weeks).
53. Require employees to use trip-appropriate vehicles
a. Limit purchase of large vehicles. The LEV and Fleet Policy adopted by the Board in
September 2004 directs that the purchase of sports utility vehicles for the County
fleet be limited to only those cases which are justified based upon work assignments
(e.g. off-road use).
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Establish policy that the most efficient vehicle possible be selected for each staff trip,
based on the number of passengers, weight of cargo.and likelihood of off-road use.
Smaller cars produce fewer emissions per trip or mile, therefore vehicles used for
County business should default to a compact size car unless a larger size vehicle is
absolutely required for the particular job.
54. Adopt Smart Drive procedures for staff trips
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Adopt Smart Drive procedures that direct staff to link vehicular trips whenever possible,
carpool to meetings, accelerate more slowly and reduce idling. This would result in
greater fuel-efficiency and lower emissions. Successful Smart Drive programs can also
result in net savings because of lower fuel costs.
55. Provide free preferred parking for employees that carpool
a. Provide free preferred parking for employees' vehicles used for carpooling. The
County offers preferred employee carpool parking at the County Administration
Building complex in downtown Martinez.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Provide free preferred carpool parking for employees at additional County facilities
(similar to employee of the month parking spaces).
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56. Provide bicycle parking for employees
a. Provide bicycle lockers and/or racks at work sites to encourage employees to bike to
work. The County has installed bicycle lockers at the County Administration Building
complex in downtown Martinez. Additionally, the Board adopted a Countywide
Bicycle Action Plan which includes goals and objectives to increase bicycle use
within the County.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Provide bicycle lockers and/or racks for employees at additional County facilities.
57. Provide shower facilities for employees
a. Provide shower facilities at work sites to encourage employees to bike, walk or run
to work. There are shower facilities for men and women at the Public Works
Department's offices in Martinez and showers for men in the basement of the
County Administration Building in downtown Martinez.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Provide shower facilities for women in or near the County Administration Building in
downtown Martinez.
c. Provide shower facilities for employees at additional County facilities.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
MEASURES TO REDUCE EXTERNAL GH EMISSIONS
This chapter includes measures that have been partially or fully implemented by the County to
reduce GHG emissions generated by the private sector. Those measures which could be
expanded upon or have not been implemented by the County (and potentially fall within the
County's authority) are identified under the subheading "Additional actions) to be
considered(maybe dependent on additional funding)". Additional research and analysis
should be conducted to determine feasibility and effectiveness of certain measures, due to
their complexity.
LAND USE
Land use plans and regulations that reduce the distance between housing, employment and
community services help protect the climate by reducing vehicle miles traveled and related
consumption of fossil fuels. Additionally, land use decisions that improve pedestrian and
bicycle access or create a balance of jobs and housing in the same vicinity can significantly
reduce commute distances.
58. Establish urban growth boundaries
Establish urban growth boundaries to help reduce sprawl and promote compact
development. Measure C was approved by the voters in 1990 which established the
County's 65/35 Land Preservation Plan requiring at least 65% of the land be preserved
for non-urban uses (parks, open space, etc.). The County has also adopted an Urban
Limit Line (ULL) which limits future development to areas within the established
boundary. Voters approved Measure J in 2004 which requires jurisdictions to place
their ULL before the voters in order to qualify for a portion of the return-to-source funds
generated by the extension of the '/2 sales tax for transportation improvements.
59. Incorporate climate protection goals and policies into the General Plan
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Incorporate climate protection goals, policies and implementation measures into the
Conservation Element during the County's next General Plan update.
60. Incorporate Smart Growth principles and concepts into the General Plan
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Incorporate specific Smart Growth principals and concepts during the County's next
General Plan update. Smart Growth promotes the clustering of development and
covers many land use issues.some of which are identified separately in this report, such
as urban growth boundaries and mixed use development. A specific example of a
Smart Growth concept that could be incorporated into the County's General Plan is to
decrease the minimum lot size from 6,000 square feet to encourage higher density
development.
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61. Provide density bonuses for affordable housing projects
a. Provide density bonuses for affordable housing projects. The County offers density
bonuses for development projects that include specified number of affordable
housing units as mandated by State law.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Increase the amount of density allowed in designated unincorporated areas by
changing the minimum lot size requirements specified in the General Plan.
62. Encourage mixed use development
a. Encourage mixed use development which will limit some travel distances. Some
portions of the unincorporated area are zoned to allow mixed use development.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Rezone certain portions of the unincorporated area to allow more mixed use
development.
63. Analyze potential climate impacts prior to making recommendations regarding
approval or denial of development projects
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Revise County's California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines to help staff
identify each proposed project's potential impact on the climate. A similar approach has
been discussed at the State level, if approved it would not be necessary at the local
level.
PRIVATE SECTOR BUILDINGS
TheCO2emissions from residential and commercial buildings are expected to increase
nationally at a rate of 1.4% annually through 2025.3 Many of the measures identified in this
section are similar to measures listed in the section entitled "County Buildings" in the previous
chapter.
64. Offer weatherization program to help existing buildings maximize energy
efficiency
a. Offer weatherization program to help existing buildings maximize energy efficiency.
The County offers a weatherization program, which is federally and state funded, for
the purpose of assisting low and/or fixed income households in making their homes
more energy efficient. Applicants that meet the income guidelines and submit
applications qualify for an on-site assessment and weatherization improvements.
These improvements can include repair or replacement of gas furnaces, stoves or
water heaters; plug gaskets; weather-stripping of exterior doors and if necessary
replacement of exterior doors; replacement of broken windows; installation of ceiling
insulation; programmable thermostats; water saving devices or carbon monoxide
alarm. The federal weatherization program estimates that each household that
participates will save an average of $218 a year and release 0.25 metric tons less
carbon annually.3
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Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Expand weatherization program to offer additional energy efficiency improvements if
adequate funding becomes available.
65. Adopt wood burning ordinance
a. Adopt a wood burning ordinance to establish standards for fireplaces and other
wood burning appliances. The Board of Supervisors adopted the "Wood Burning
Appliances Ordinance" # 2000-35 (added as Chapter 718-10 in the County Code) in
November 2000 to regulate new construction or replacement of wood burning
appliances in the unincorporated area of the County.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Determine whether further reduction of GHG emissions would be achieved by
adopting more stringent standards for wood burning appliances or completely
banning them.
66. Require re-roofing projects to use cool roofing materials
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Explore adoption of a cool roofing ordinance to require use of certified cool roofing
materials or systems for certain re-roofing projects, either because of their location
(appropriate climate zone) or design.
67. Require all new buildings to use cool roofing systems
a. Use of cool roofing systems is allowed by State law and is one of the ways to help
reduce a building's anticipated energy usage as calculated pursuant to California's
Title 24.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Explore adoption of a cool roofing ordinance to require use of certified cool roofing
materials or systems in certain new buildings, either because of their location or
design. Cool roofing systems would offer the greatest potential for energy savings in
the warmer climate zones, such as zone 12 which covers most of Central and East
County.
68. Adopt energy efficiency standards for all development projects
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Explore adoption of an ordinance to require specified energy efficiency for all new
buildings. There are many examples of this type of ordinance that have been adopted
by other counties or cities.
69. Require new developments to facilitate use of solar
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
a. Identify requirements that should be imposed on new development projects to
assure buildings are designed to facilitate use of solar energy for electricity, water
heating and/or space heating/cooling.
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b. Determine whether a local ordinance is required to compliment the "Solar Shade
Control Act", California Government Code § 25980 et. seq., to protect solar access.
Some local governments in other states adopted solar access ordinances to
promote use of renewable energy.
70. Include renewable energy use standards in local building code
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Explore adoption of an ordinance to require use of renewable energy (e.g. solar) for
private building projects. For example, the ordinance could require inclusion of solar hot
water heaters and/or require that pools be heated using solar heaters or equipped with
a solar blanket. Incorporating these measures could also help a project comply with
Title 24. Just a solar water heater alone can reduce householdCO2emissions by 720
pounds a year.8
71. Require that new residential garages have connections to charge electric=
powered vehicles
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Require installation of appropriate electrical connections in the garage area of all new
homes to charge electric vehicles.
72. Require adequate space for storing and collection of recyclables be provided in
all development projects
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Adopt ordinance to require all development projects to provide specified amount of
space for storing and collecting recyclables. Due to a change in State law effective July
1, 2005 the County is required to enforce the State's "Model Recycling Space Allocation
Ordinance", in the absence of locally adopted ordinance. Adopting a local ordinance
that clearly identifies space standards that meet the requirements of local recycling
collection services would help ensure more meaningful and consistent implementation
and enforcement.
73. Adopt green building guidelines and rating/point system
a. Adopt standard residential green building guidelines. The Board adopted the
County's Residential Green Building Guidelines and Residential Green Building
Program Implementation Plan in June 2005. There are two versions of the
Guidelines, one for new home construction and the other for residential remodeling.
The use of these Guidelines is completely voluntary.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding);
b. Adopt Green Building Guidelines for multi-family and/or commercial buildings.
c. Adopt a green building rating/point system based on the Green Building Guidelines.
This system can support voluntary efforts allowing builders to demonstrate the
amount of green building features in each building. Furthermore, this system could
be used to support a mandatory green building program in the future (e.g. minimum
number of points required for each building project).
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d. Utilize third-party green building certification process. There is no system in place at
the County to certify a green building; initial research indicates that a rating system
using third-party inspectors would be more cost effective than a system using
County employees.
SITE IMPROVEMENTS (LANDSCAPING, ROADS & LIGHTING)
Many of the measures identified in this section are similar to or complement the measures
listed in the section entitled "County Right-of-Way & Outdoor Infrastructure" in the previous
chapter.
74. Preserve and increase urban tree canopy
a. Require the preservation of trees in urban areas. In 1994, the Board of Supervisors
approved the "Tree Protection and Preservation Ordinance" (added as Chapter 816-
6 in the County Code) which provides for the preservation of certain trees over a
specified diameter throughout the unincorporated area of the County. The County
routinely imposes conditions of approval on certain development projects (such as
major subdivisions) which include flood control and design requirements related to
landscaping. A mature Douglas Fir tree can sequester (trap and hold) from 14.8 to
51.5 metric tons of carbon (diameters of 36" and 60" respectively), which is roughly
equivalent to theCO2emissions from 0.5 to 1.5 cars annually.9
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Amend relevant sections of County Code to protect more urban trees and
encourage/require planting of additional trees. Consider incorporating information
regarding which tree species are more effective at trapping carbon and do not
contribute to emissions.
75. Require new developments to plant native trees in medians and common areas
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Revise the County's landscape standards to specify the best types of vegetation to use
in specific areas. Consider specifying the minimum number of trees to be planted in
each 100 foot segment of medians and each 1,000 square feet of common areas. An
overall increase in trees is possible and although native species should require less
water, irrigation issues would need to be addressed. Trees take carbon from the
atmosphere and store it in their tissues for long periods, this keeps the carbon from
accumulating in the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing climate change.
76. Require new developments to use drought-tolerant landscaping
Require new development projects to plant drought-tolerant landscaping. The Board of
Supervisors adopted the 'Water Conservation Landscaping in New Developments
Ordinance" #90-59 (Chapter 82-26 of the County Code) which restricts the use of turf
and requires the use of drought-tolerant landscaping in most medium to large
development projects in the unincorporated areas.
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77. Require new developments to use water conserving irrigation systems
Require new development projects to install water conserving irrigation systems. As
mentioned above the Board of Supervisors adopted the Water Conserving Landscaping
in New Developments Ordinance which includes certain irrigation system requirements
and restrictions.
78. Require new developments to maximize use of landscaping and permeable
surfaces
a. Require new developments to maximize use of landscaping. Many chapters of
County Code, including but not limited to Chapter 82-26, 814-2, 814-4, 814-6, 914-4
& 1002-8, have various requirements related to landscaping and trees. The County
routinely imposes conditions of approval on certain development projects (such as
major subdivisions) which include flood control and design requirements related to
landscaping.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Require new developments to use permeable pavements in place of impervious
pavements. Permeable, or porous, pavements allow water to.filter into the ground,
keeping the pavement cool when moist. Permeable pavements can be constructed
from a number of materials including porous concrete (blended), asphalt and plastic
lattice structures filled with soil, gravel and grass. Use of permeable paving materials
would also compliment efforts to comply with new requirements to minimize and
manage storm water runoff from developed areas.
c. Revise the County's landscape standards to increase the amount of overall
landscaping required and specify the best types of vegetation to use in designated
areas.
79. Require use of natural vegetation and landscaping around paved surfaces
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding);
Use natural vegetation and landscaping around paved surfaces, where appropriate, to
help act as a filter for storm water runoff, without sacrificing the structural integrity of the
pavement. This would also compliment efforts to comply with new C.3 regulations to
minimize and manage storm water runoff. The County's "Stormwater C.3 Guidebook" is
a self-help manual for developers and staff to assist in complying with the new
regulations. The guidebook is a series of best management practices (BMPs) designed
to meet the goals. The initial handbook identified many mechanical BMPs and since
has been updated to move towards using vegetation and landscape based measures to
accomplish the goals. More undeveloped area will be needed in new development
projects to comply with these requirements, thus producing less impervious surfaces
and increasing the amount of landscaping. Examples of some C.3 BMPs which also
help protect the climate include:
• Use landscape strips and planter areas to essentially "filter" storm water before it
enters the public storm drain system.
• Use permeable pavements in non-high traffic areas, such as parking lots.
• Use depressed parking medians in parking lots so the water flows to them and then
into a collection system.
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• Increase in overall vegetation to handle the quantity of water, which would also help
protect climate.
80. Require specified tree shade coverage for all parking lots
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Adopt local ordinance to require specified amount of shade coverage for all parking lots.
Shading parking lots helps reduce the "urban heat island" effect. Urban areas can be
5°-10° F warmer than surrounding non-urban areas and are therefore referred to as
"urban heat islands". Multiple local jurisdictions in California have adopted shade tree
ordinances and these samples are readily available, as is a brief written assessment of
their relative merits. It may be appropriate to specify the minimum required shade
coverage in the County's parking standards.
81. Require that trees surround each single family dwelling or low-rise building in
appropriate locations
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Require that at least one tree be placed on the west, northwest and east facing sides of
each building. This will significantly reduce cooling costs for a typical home or low-rise
building during peak summertime demand. Studies in Sacramento and Phoenix have
shown that three mature trees around homes cuts annual air conditioning demand by 25
to 40%.
82. Explore the use of reflective or other cool paving materials in new developments
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
a. Explore incorporating the use of cool paving (lighter-colored and porous) materials
into the County's standards for non-high traffic areas (e.g. parking lots, paths, etc).
Dark colored pavements can get up to 40° F hotter than the surrounding air which
contributes significantly to the "urban heat island" effect discussed above. Lighter-
colored materials have higher solar reflectance, so they absorb less of the sun's
energy and stay cooler.
b. Require the use of as little concrete as possible and only allow use of porous
blended concrete. Blended concrete (e.g. portland and flyash cement) uses less
raw concrete which is important because cement processing and production is
responsible for 50% of the nation's industrial greenhouse gas emissions. Porous
blended concrete is a cool paving material which helps reduce the "urban heat
island" effect.
83. Require developments to install bicycle and pedestrian amenities
a. Require certain development projects to construct bicycle and pedestrian amenities.
The County routinely imposes conditions of approval on certain development
projects (such as large subdivisions) which require installation of bicycle parking,
covered bicycle racks and pedestrian shelters at new transit stops, on-street bicycle
lanes in which parking"i's prohibited as well as new bike and pedestrian paths linking
residential areas to neighborhood commercial areas, parks, schools, convenience
retail areas, transit stops and park-and-ride lots. The Board adopted a Countywide
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to
Bicycle Action Plan which includes goals and objectives to increase bicycle use
within the County.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding);
b. Require more development projects to construct bicycle and pedestrian amenities.
84. Require certain new development projects to install traffic calming features
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Require certain new development projects to install traffic calming features without
sacrificing emergency response needs. The County is currently developing a
Neighborhood Traffic Management Plan which is scheduled to go before the Board in
late 2005 or early 2006. This Plan includes traffic calming measures applicable to
residential street design standards intended to slow traffic speeds and thus encourage
walking and cycling by improving safety for pedestrians and cyclists. This includes
measures such as traffic medians, curb extensions, traffic circles, diverters, speed
humps and roadway narrowings. Other measures such as closures (diagonal diverters,
half closures, full closures and median barriers) reduce cut-through traffic by obstructing
traffic movements in one or more directions and thus improve pedestrian and bicycle
safety. Even simple measures like crosswalks and reduced speed limits can make a
difference.
85. Require certain development projects to construct apark-and-ride lot
a. Require certain large development projects to construct park-and-ride lots. The
County routinely imposes conditions of approval on certain development projects
(such as large subdivisions) which require installation of apark-and-ride lot within
the project area.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Require more development projects to construct park-and-ride lots, especially in
areas with traffic congestion.
86. Require developments to provide designated preferred parking for high-
occupancy vehicles and/or alternative fuel vehicles
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Require commercial and industrial developments to provide designated parking for high-
occupancy vehicles (vans) and/or alternative fuel vehicles (hybrids, electric vehicles,
etc.). This parking requirement would help assure that when these developments begin
operation their employees and customers will have an incentive to use more climate-
friendly transportation.
87. Require certain development projects to install features to support mass transit
a. Require certain large development projects in designated transit areas to install
features to support mass transit. The County routinely imposes conditions of
approval on certain development projects (such as large subdivisions) which require
road system to be designed to provide efficient and convenient bus.routing,
installation of bus pullouts and transit stops with covered bicycle racks and
pedestrian shelters at locations designated by the transit provider, as well as require
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
the developer to dedicate all rights of way necessary for the ultimate expansion of
the transportation and transit network.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Require consultation with transit agencies for each new development project to
identify needed amenities and infrastructure for existing and future transit service in
the project area.
88. Require certain development projects to install alternative fuel vehicle
infrastructure
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding);
Require certain development projects which exceed minimum size and/or are proposed
ih designated areas to install fueling station and/or appropriate infrastructure in parking
areas to support.alternative fuel vehicles (e.g. electric vehicles or compressed natural
gas vehicles).
89. Require energy efficient outdoor lighting and signals in all new developments
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
a. Revise street lighting standards to require use of LEDs in all new outdoor lighting.
The County has certain standards for standard street lighting within new tracts and
along streets which must be installed as a part of new development projects in the
unincorporated areas. Current standards could be changed to require the energy
efficient LEDs at the time of initial installation for all new traffic signals, don't walk
signs, street lights and lighted street name signs.
b. Require use of solar energy to power specific types of outdoor lighting (e.g.
flashers). Solar power has been used in a limited amount of apparatus such as
warning flashers in remote areas of the County. To date they have not been totally
reliable thus using this type of a power source on a more widespread basis such as
signals is not contemplated at this time. As technology continues to advance, the
feasibility of expanding use of solar powered outdoor lighting should be re-
evaluated.
WASTE REDUCTION AND RECYCLING
The waste management hierarchy established by the California Legislature in the Integrated
Waste Management Act of 1989 (commonly referred to as AB 939) also happens to.reflect the
relative level of GHG emissions generated. The strategies in order of superiority are source
reduction, reuse, recycling/composting, transformation and then disposal. Source reduction
causes the least GHG emissions and disposal causes the most GHG emissions. Therefore,
source reduction programs (such as reducing junk mail and buying in bulk instead of single
servings) will result in a more significant reduction of GHG emissions than transformation
programs (such as burning household waste to generate heat or energy).
Each person that purchases food and other products with reusable or recyclable packaging
instead of those in non-recyclable packaging can reduce CO2 emissions by 230 pounds
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
annually.10 The Metro Region of Portland estimated that their recycling efforts in 2002 reduced
GHG emissions by about 612,000 metric tons of carbon."
90. Conduct junk mail reduction campaign
a. Inform local residents and business how they can reduce the amount of unwanted
mail they receive and how to recycle the rest. The County has joined with many
other Bay Area jurisdictions to help fund the "Stop Junk Mail" campaign. Each year,
the average American home receives 1.5 trees in their mailbox in the form of junk
mail. Eliminating just one ton of junk mail saves 17 trees and reduces GHG
emissions equivalent to taking one car off the road for one year.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Expand the "Stop Junk Mail" campaign to include additional local media outlets.
91. Help businesses reduce their waste
a. Help local businesses identify opportunities to reduce their waste. The County has
enlisted the help of a consultant and local haulers to identify the largest commercial
waste generators in the unincorporated areas to offer these businesses free waste
assessments and waste reduction/recycling recommendations and resources.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Expand program to offer waste reduction and recycling assistance to more
businesses.
92. Adopt variable can rates to promote waste reduction and recycling
a. Adopt a variable can rate structure for residential accounts. Variable can rates are
also referred to as "pay as you throw", which means that the rates are set based on
waste can capacity. The County approved a variable can rate structure in most of
unincorporated West County such that the rate fora 64-gallon can is exactly double
the price of the standard 32-gallon can. The majority of customers in this area have
the 32-gallon service.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding);
b. Expand the variable can rate structures to the remaining unincorporated areas in
Central and East County. The rates for the large solid waste containers (96-gallon)
are lowest in unincorporated East County and as a result the majority of customers
in this area have the 96-gallon service.
93. Provide or mandate recycling collection services
a. Mandate residential recycling. Curbside recycling is not an optional service, but
rather a component of residential solid waste collection services provided to
residences located in areas governed under the County's collection franchise
agreements. Recycling reduces the need for energy-intensive resource extraction.
Recycling the following materials has the greatest climate benefit (from greatest to
least): aluminum cans, paper materials (office paper, phonebooks, textbooks,
magazines), steel cans and plastic containers.
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Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Mandate recycling at all multi-family complexes in the unincorporated areas.
Recycling all of the newspaper, cardboard, glass and metal from each home
reduces CO2 emissions by 850 pounds annually.$
c. Mandate recycling collection at all commercial locations in the unincorporated areas.
94. Offer home composting education and resources
Offer home composting education and resources. Home composting can reduce GHG
emissions by eliminating the need to transport the material for processing or.disposal,
increasing the carbon storage in soils and reducing methane generated by landfills. The
County sponsors free workshops to teach residents how to compost their yard debris at
home, offers free "Backyard Composting" books to workshop participants, offers
discounted home composting bins and instructional home videos.
95. Provide education and outreach regarding disposal alternatives
a. Provide residents and businesses with easily accessible information regarding local
alternatives to disposal. The County provides listings and referrals to local facilities
and services that reuse and recycle a wide range of materials. By providing access
to this info ation in various ways (by phone, mail and over the Internet), residents
and businesses have options to meet their needs, whether it be speaking with
someone directly or accessing details quickly any time of day or night. The County
operates atoll-free Recycling Hotline, which is staffed during office hours, to answer
questions or provide referrals related to reuse, recycling, composting, household
hazardous waste or disposal. The County in conjunction with local cities and other
agencies reprinted the County's 2005 Reuse & Recycling Guide in the West, Central
and East Contra Costa SBC Yellow Pages which is the most extensive distribution of
any Contra Costa County Recycling Guide.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Identify additional opportunities and potential funding sources to expand waste
reduction and recycling outreach efforts, including but not limited to newsletters ,
newspaper articles and advertisements.
96. Encourage use of recycled materials by manufacturers
Offer assistance to manufacturers that are considering switching to recycled-content
materials to make their products. In 1992, the County's request to become designated
as a Recycling Market Development Zone (RMDZ) was approved by the State. If
located within one of the State's Recycling Market Development Zones, eligible
manufacturers using recycled materials to create new products potentially qualify for
low-interest loans and other assistance. Manufacturing using recycled rather than raw
material reduces emissions, for example net carbon emissions are four to five times
lower when materials are produced from recycled steel, copper, glass and paper and 40
times lower for aluminum.
� CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
97. Promote proper handling of toxic discards including household chemicals and
electronics
a. Inform residents regarding the proper methods to manage their unwanted household
chemicals and electronics. The County provides referrals and listings for all local
facilities known to accept household chemicals and electronics. The County
primarily promotes these facilities through the toll-free Recycling Hotline, Reuse &
Recycling Guide and website.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Identify additional opportunities and potential funding sources to expand education
program(s) regarding toxic discards (e.g. electronics and household chemicals).
98. Use methane from landfills to generate electricity
Encourage local landfill operators to recover methane and use it to generate electricity.
Landfilling waste generates methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas that is more than 20
times as effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere as CO2. State law and local air
district regulations require landfills to collect and process landfill gases through a gas
collection and emission control system. Two of the three operating landfills in Contra
Costa County use methane to produce electricity; the third landfill is currently pursuing
the development of a landfill gas power plant.
AGRICULTURE
Agricultural practices can contribute to overall greenhouse gas emissions. The primary
sources of agricultural GHG emissions are manure and disturbance-of soil and vegetation.
99. Adopt local manure management ordinance
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Determine whether a local manure management ordinance would be appropriate and
feasible. This ordinance could help reduce methane emissions as well as encourage
the capture of agricultural methane to generate heat and/or power.
100. Increase no-till crop management techniques
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Determine whether no-till crop management techniques are being used or could be
expanded. Reducing soil disturbance helps retain carbon thereby not releasing it into
the atmosphere.
101. Reduce use of nitrogen fertilizer
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding);
Determine the extent of nitrogen fertilizer use in the County and identify opportunities, if
any, to reduce its use. Nitrous oxide (N20) is a GHG that is naturally produced in soils
from microbial processes. Additions of nitrogen to soils by the agricultural sector
increases the amount of N20 emitted into the atmosphere.
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102. Reduce equipment use
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Determine whether there are any opportunities to alter cropping systems in the County
to reduce equipment use. Reducing equipment use would reduce CO2 emissions.
103. Increase use of agricultural residues for fuel
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Determine whether there are any opportunities to increase use of agricultural residues
for fuel. Using agricultural residues as fuel could reduce GHG emissions by displacing
use of fossil fuel.
REGIONAL
Green Business Practices
104. Green Business Program
The Bay Area Green Business Program educates and certifies businesses of all types
for complying with any applicable environmental regulations and for taking specific
steps to prevent pollution, conserve energy, water and other materials, and reduce
waste. The goal of the program, a partnership of two dozen environmental agencies.
and cities in the County, is to "green" as many businesses as possible, showing all
businesses in Contra Costa that it is totally possible to be green themselves. Over 200
businesses in Contra Costa have been certified, and almost 600 have been certified in
the Bay Area.
Drought&Water Conservation
105. Water Conservation & Drought Preparation Education
a. The County has already adopted ordinances applicable to local development
projects which require the use of water conserving landscaping and irrigation
systems as well as encourage the installation of dual water systems to facilitate the
use of recycled water for irrigation.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. Work with other agencies (e.g. sanitary districts, water districts, cities, etc.) to
maximize use of drought-tolerant landscaping and recycled-water for irrigation.
There is likely a wide range of information already developed by these and other
agencies which the County can help promote and/or distribute locally.
Habitat Conservation Plan
106. East Contra Costa County Habitat Conservation Plan
a. Continue working with other member agencies in the East Contra Costa County
Habitat Conservation Plan Association (HCPA) to manage and fund the
development of a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP)/Natural Communities
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Conservation Plan (NCCP). The Draft HCP has a provision that addresses climate
change. The HCPA has identified a 185,000 acre planning area that includes all
watersheds draining the eastern flanks of Mount Diablo. Once approved by the
regulatory agencies, the HCP/NCCP will establish a funding mechanism to preserve
and enhance native habitats which support endangered and sensitive species.
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
b. The HCPA will also consider including additional environmental regulations in the
planning process to enable streamlined permitting and review for endangered
species regulations, various wetlands regulations, the California Environmental
Quality Act and other laws related to natural resource protection.
Crossmjurisdictional Transportation Coordination
107. Traffic Signal Preemption and Flashers
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
a. The Public Works and Community Development Departments will continue working
with the Contra Costa Transportation Authority (CCTA) and others to address the
interaction of transit operators and signal operation including exploring
implementation of signal preemption mechanisms to reduce traffic delay for buses
while maintaining public safety, especially for pedestrians crossing the intersection.
b. Changing traffic signals to flash between the hours of midnight and 6 am could save
energy used by the lighting fixtures; however this would require that all traffic stop
and start, which would likely increase emissions. The County's Traffic Engineer has
the authority to change the timing in unincorporated areas, but it must be
coordinated so it does not negatively impact traffic in other jurisdictions.
108. Alternative Fueled Buses
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Encourage local transit agencies to use CNG in their buses, if not already doing so.
Even the cleanest diesel bus on the road today releases twice the amount of smog-
forming pollutants as a natural gas bus. According to the US Department of Energy,
over 10% of our nation's fleet of transit buses and 20% of new buses on order operate
on natural gas.
Bay Area Air Quality Management District
109. Funding for Local GHG Reduction Measures
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Encourage the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) to dedicate funds
to local agencies for implementing voluntary measures to reduce GHG emissions. The
BAAQMD receives some settlement funds that can be used for projects that offset air
quality violations. The BAAQMD could revise their policy regarding these funds to give
priority consideration to local city or county GHG reduction efforts.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
110. SparetheAir
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Encourage the BAAQMD to expand the Spare the Air public education campaign to
include information about the climate (including highlighting the impacts of climate
change and what people can do to help). The Spare the Air campaign has an
established message and network of contacts that compliment climate protection.
111. Green Contracting Ordinance
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Encourage the BAAQMD to identify the potential benefits of developing an ordinance
similar to one developed by the Sacramento, Yolo, Solano, Placer Air Districts which
encourages contractors to procure and operate low emission vehicles (LEVs) and to
obtain low-emission fleet status for their off-road equipment and heavy-duty on-road
fleets.
Metropolitan Transportation Commission
112. Carpool Requirements on I-680
Additional action(s) to be considered(maybe dependent on additional funding):
Encourage the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) to establish a consistent
2+ carpool occupancy requirement for the entire length of the I-680 corridor after
completion of the new span of the Benicia-Martinez Bridge.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
PREPARE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION STATEGIES
Climate change is due in large part to the long atmospheric lifetime of GHG emissions (e.g.
100 years forCO2). As the science of climate change demonstrates, our planet is already
committed to some level of warming. Therefore, it is best to pursue both mitigation measures,
like those in the previous chapters, as well as implementing adaptation strategies.
According to the California Energy Commission, scientific research has identified that the
below strategies will reduce adverse effects of changing climate, some of which also act as
mitigation measures because they either reduce energy consumption or increase carbon
sequestration:
• Increasing water conservation (related measures are included in previous chapters)
• Recharging groundwater systems by using pavements that are permeable to allow
storm water runoff to infiltrate (related measures are included in previous chapters)
• Reducing urban heat island impacts by increasing shade coverage and using light-
colored roofing and paving materials in urban areas (related measures are included in
previous chapters)
• Preserving vulnerable habitats, wetlands and areas subject to fires, floods and
landslides (related measure is included in the previous chapter)
• Creating nature reserves to accommodate future climate changes, range shifts and
migrations of plants and animals (no such measure is included in this report)
Public Health Adaptation Strategies
According to the US EPA, climate change is expected to result in worsening air quality,
temperature changes, precipitation changes and sea level rise which can contribute to a wide
range of potential health impacts. Potential health impacts include: more heat related-deaths
and illnesses, aggravation of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, risk of infectious
diseases because of new geographic ranges and activity of disease-carrying vectors/parasites,
increased instances of cholera and food poisoning, greater risk of intestinal illnesses or
malnutrition due to decreased availability of clean drinking water as well as illnesses, injuries
or death caused by storms, floods or substantial population migration/overcrowding.13
Patient Education
Help patients improve health to prepare for climate change and prevent potential health
problems associated with climate change. While the big picture of how air pollution and
energy choices affect climate change and patients health may not fit in a handy, easy-to-read
brochure, tips on how to prevent these effects individually may help reduce hospital visits and
medical treatment in the long run.
• Educate patients about climate change and the potential effects it can have on human
health.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
• Encourage patients to eat more fruits and vegetables. It takes 8.5 times less fossil fuel
to produce one calorie of protein from grain compared to meat and the additional
vegetation increases carbon sequestration temporarily.
• Encourage patients to adopt active life styles. Physical activity helps improve health,
which better prepares patients to adapt to climate change. Furthermore, active patients
are more willing and likely to walk or bike to work than inactive patients.
Improve Public Health Infrastructure
Continue to improve public health infrastructure, by strengthening and maintaining surveillance
programs. This is important because the risk of epidemics from insect-borne diseases may
increase as the climate warms and changes in precipitation and weather patterns occur.
Prevent Heat-Related Health Problems
Examine feasibility of installing early warning systems to advise the public and public health
officials that dangerously hot weather is coming so that communities can be better prepared.
Such a system is in place in Philadelphia, when it predicts a heat wave, officials distribute
media advisories, activate telephone hotlines, alert neighborhood volunteers, open air-
conditioned shelters, expand outreach to the homeless and coordinate efforts with local utilities
to protect vulnerable populations.
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
APPENDICES
A. LIST OF ACRONYMS USED
AB 939 California's Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989
BAAQMD Bay Area Air Quality Management District
BMP Best Management Practice
C.3 Storm Water Runoff Management Requirements
CCP Cities for Climate Protection
CCTA Contra Costa Transportation Authority
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons
CH4 Methane
CHPS Collaborative for High Performance Schools
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
DDC Direct Digital Controls
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GWP Global Warming Potential
HCP Habitat Conservation Plan
HCPA Habitat Conservation Plan Association
HFCs Hydrof luorocarbons
HVAC Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning
ICLEI International Council of Local Environmental Initiatives
IPM Integrated Pest Management
LED Light-Emitting Diode
LEV Low Emission Vehicle
MTC Metropolitan Transportation Commission
N20 Nitrous Oxide
NCCP Natural Communities Conservation Plan
NEV Neighborhood Electric Vehicle
PFCs Perf luorocarbons
PV Photovoltaic-
SEP
Strategic Energy Plan
SF6 Sulfur Hexafluoride
RMDZ Recycling Market Development Zone
RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board
ULL Urban Limit Line
ZEV Zero Emission Vehicle
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
B. CITIES FOR CLIMATE PROTECTION CAMPAIGN
According to their website, the Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) is ICLEI's (International
Council of Local Environmental Initiatives) flagship campaign. The program is designed to
motivate and empower local governments worldwide to take action on climate change. CCP is
aperformance-oriented campaign that offers a framework for local governments to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and improve livability within their municipalities.
How it works
Once municipalities make the commitment to participate in the CCP Campaign, ICLEI provides
experienced staff, software tools, and a wide variety of programs and technical assistance to
help local governments reduce greenhouse gas emissions in an effective, efficient manner.
Benefits of Participation
ICLEI provides local governments that participate in the CCP Campaign with access to the
following resources:
• Software products and associated training to assist with the quantification of
greenhouse gas reductions and other benefits of climate protection planning.
• Access to a professional network of peers through listservs, newsletters, conferences,
and workshops.
• Case studies, fact sheets, policy and practice manuals, toolkits and guides on
approaches that other local governments have successfully used to reduce greenhouse
gases.
• Training workshops for staff and elected officials on .how to develop and implement
effective long-term emission reduction strategies.
• Technical assistance in designing and implementing actions to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
• Notification of relevant grant opportunities.
• Assistance in publicizing local climate protection successes.
In addition, the communities that participate in CCP also benefit from the actions that they take
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through:
• Financial savings in reduced utility and fuel costs to the local government, households,
and businesses.
• Improved local air quality, contributing to the general health and well being of the
community.
• Economic development and new local jobs as investments in locally produced energy
products and services keep money circulating in the local economy.
Getting Started
Local governments begin participating in the CCP Campaign by passing a resolution pledging
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from their municipal operations and throughout their
communities. Each local government sets its own emission reduction target and develops a
local Climate Action Plan outlining actions that the municipality will pursue to meet its target.
After passing the resolution, the local government designates a staff member and an elected
official to serve as the municipality's liaisons to ICLEI. The liaisons then receive welcome
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
packets from ICLEI that include a detailed Toolkit. This toolkit leads the local government staff
person step-by-step through the 5 Milestone process.
The 5 Milestones
The methodology underlying the 5 Milestones of the CCP Campaign provides a simple,
standardized means of calculating greenhouse gas emissions, of establishing targets to lower
emissions, of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and of monitoring, measuring and reporting
performance. ICLEI has developed a software tool that helps municipalities comply with the
methodology. The 5 milestones are:
1. Conduct a baseline emissions inventory and forecast. Based on energy and waste data,
the municipality calculates greenhouse gas emissions for a base year (e.g. 2000) and
for a forecast year (e.g. 2015). The inventory and the forecast capture emissions from
all municipal operations (e.g. municipally owned and/or operated buildings, streetlights,
transit systems, wastewater treatment facilities) and from all community-related
activities (e.g. residential and commercial buildings, motor vehicles, waste streams,
industry). The inventory and forecast provide a benchmark against which the
municipality can measure progress.
2. Adopt an emissions reduction target for the forecast year. The municipality passes a
resolution establishing an emission reduction target for the municipality. The target is
essential both to foster political will and to create a framework to guide the planning and
implementation of measures.
3. Develop a Local Action Plan. The local government develops a Local Action Plan that
describes or lists the policies and measures that the local government will take to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve its emissions reduction target. Most
plans include a timeline, a description of financing mechanisms, and an assignment of
responsibility to departments and staff. In addition to direct greenhouse gas reduction
measures, most plans also incorporate public awareness and education efforts. The
development of the Local Action Plan should include strong public input and
involvement in order to build the consensus among stakeholders required to implement
measures.
4. Implement policies & measures. The municipality implements the policies and measures
contained in their Local Action Plan. Typical policies and measures implemented by
CCP participants include energy efficiency improvements to municipal buildings and
water treatment facilities, streetlight retrofits, public transit improvements, installation of
renewable power applications, and methane recovery from waste management.
5. Monitor& verify results. Monitoring and verifying progress on the implementation of
measures to reduce or avoid greenhouse gas emissions is an ongoing process.
Monitoring begins once measures are implemented and continues for the life of the
measures, providing important feedback that can be use to improve the measures over
time. ICLEI's software provides a uniform methodology for municipalities to report on
measures.
Technical Assistance
ICLEI provides local governments that participate in the CCP Campaign with a range of
technical assistance. Some of the assistance is available for free to participating local
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT •
governments and other assistance is available for hire from ICLEI. In general, ICLEI offers
assistance in four discrete categories.
• Inventory Assistance. ICLEI can assist local governments in conducting their baseline
emission inventories and their emission forecasts, helping the municipality understand
how and from whom to collect the necessary data. Alternatively, ICLEI can conduct the
entire inventory and forecast on behalf of the municipality, presenting the results to local
government staff, elected officials and the community as and when requested by the
municipality. Local governments that want assistance with conducting their inventory
should contact ICLEI.
• Measures Identification and Quantification Assistance. ICLEI can assist local
governments in identifying potential measures that the municipality can take to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. ICLEI can also help the municipality quantify the emission
reductions and other benefits (financial, quality of life) from the full range of possible
policies and measures.-Local governments that want assistance in identifying measures
or quantifying the impact of measures should contact ICLEI.
• Policy Assistance. ICLEI provides case studies, fact sheets, agenda reports, sample
resolutions, policy frameworks, model ordinance language, and links to key technical
information that can assist local governments implement a wide range of measures.
Check out the Tools section for more details.
• Software Assistance. ICLEI can answer most of questions regarding the use of the
CACP software. If ICLEI cannot answer the question, they will refer the municipality to
the developer of the software.
ICLEI tools
ICLEI provides a range of tools to help local governments in their efforts to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions. We provide toolkits to help local governments identify measures to greenhouse
gas emissions as well as educate and engage all sectors of the community in the municipality's
climate protection activities. We have developed astate-of-the-art software package to assist
local governments and other entities in calculating their greenhouse gas emission. And we
have a series of templates for policies and measures that local governments can adopt to
improve purchasing policies, etc.
CCP resources
These resources are only available to local governments that are ICLEI members. The primary
resource provided by ICLEI to assist local governments participating in the CCP Campaign is
the Clean Air and Climate Protection (CACP) software. The CACP software is auser-friendly,
Windows-based application that translates data on a community's energy use and solid waste
into greenhouse and other air pollutant emissions. The software greatly simplifies the process
of inventorying emissions, and it is a great planning tool to calculate the energy, money and
emissions savings from measures local governments are considering for inclusion in their
action plan. The software:
• Translates energy, fuel use, and other data into greenhouse gas and other pollutant
emissions.
• Quantifies the greenhouse gas and other pollutant emissions reductions of existing
programs and actions.
. � CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
• Projects the emissions reductions of potential programs and actions.
• Can be used as a planning tool in choosing measures for the local action plan.
• Can be used to monitor and track the results of actions as they are implemented.
• Calculates co-benefits of emission reduction activities in terms of energy and monetary
savings.
In addition to the CACP software, ICLEI provides a wide range of technical assistance to local
governments that participate in the CCP Campaign.
C. REFERENCES
1 "U.S. Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-2003", US EPA(2005)
2 Position Paper—Renewably Generated Electricity,World Wildlife Federation (2002)
3"Towards a Climate Friendly Built Environment", Pew Center on Global Climate Change (June 2005)
4"Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the U.S.Transportation", Pew Center on Global Climate Change
(May 2003)
5"Analysis for Reducing Transportation Emissions in California", Center for Clean Air Policy(2005)
6"Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks", US EPA
(May 2002)
"U.S. Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 1990-1998", US EPA(2000)
8`NVhat Can We Do About Global Warming?", NOAA/NASA/EPA Climate Change Partnership
9"Activities and Policies to Enhance Forest and Agricultural Carbon Sinks in California", Center for Clean Air
Policy(October 2005)
'o"Earth Smart Shopping", NOAA/NASA/EPA Climate Change Partnership
" Metro Regional Internal Report(2003), http://www.metro-region.o.Eg/arcticle.cf m?articleid=5568
12"Global Climate Change—Staff Paper", California Energy Commission (June 2005)
13"Climate Change and Public Health", US EPA (October 1997)
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY CLIMATE PROTECTION REPORT
,r
i
r
TO: BOARD OF SUPERVISORS Contra
�l��� `'
FROM: Climate Change Working Group a �=�,,, COSta�_
���os� - .�� Count
DATE. November 15, 2005 ,.;.coU� y
SUBJECT: Climate Protection Report— Measures to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
SPECIFIC REQUEST(S) OR RECOMMENDATION(S) & BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION
RECOMMENDATION(S)
1. ACCEPT the Climate Protection Report from the Climate Change Working Group (CCWG),
which lists measures that could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated by
County operations and the private sector.
2. EXPAND the CCWG to include the Agricultural Commissioner and Director of Building
Inspection to help address potential sources of GHG emissions within their purview.
3. DIRECT the CCWG to report back in February 2006 to identify which measures can be
implemented with existing staff and resources and which measures will require additional
funding to research, analyze and/or implement.
4. DIRECT the CCWG to report back in February 2006 with the potential costs and benefits
of joining the International Council of Local Environmental Initiatives' (ICLEI's) Cities for
Climate Protection Campaign, which involves conducting a GHG emission inventory,
setting emission reduction goals and preparing/implementing a Climate Action Plan.
5. DIRECT the CCWG to identify any funding sources (e.g. grants) or opportunities to expand
the eligibility for funding sources which could be used to implement additional GHG
reduction measures and/or join the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign and include in*
the February 2006 report.
FISCAL IMPACT
The costs associated with staff time spent identifying recommended measures that can be
implemented with existing staff and resources are expected to be funded through existing
departmental budgets.
Some measures will require more extensive research to determine their effectiveness at
reducing GHG emissions give the County's operations. Additionally, some measures, due to
their complexity, will require a more detailed analysis of potential implementation issues.
This type of work is not included in existing departmental budgets and therefore is not
proposed to occur until adequate funding is identified.
CONTINUED ON ATTACHMENT: YES ❑ NO SIGNATURE
✓RECOMMENDATION OF COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR RECOMMENDATION OF BOARD C MITTEE
✓�►PPROVE OTHER
r
SIGNATURES . 11 0,111111111;i?i ot.
ACTION OF BO ON APPROVED AS RECOMMENDED OTHER
VOTE OF SUPERVISORS I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS IS A TRUE AND
CORRECT COPY OF AN ACTION TAKEN AND
UNANIMOUS (ABSENT: ENTERED ON THE MINUTES OF THE BOARD OF
AYES: NOES: SUPERVISORS ON THE DATE SHOWN.
ABSENT: ABSTAIN:
Contact: Deidra Dingman (925-335-1224) ATTESTED V)
cc: Maurice Shiu, Public Works Department(PWD) JOHN SWEETEN, CLERR-OF THE
Mitch Avalon, PWD BOARD OF SUPERVISORS AND
Dennis Barry, Community Development Department(CDD) COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR
Dr. Bill Walker, Health Services Department(HSD)
Dr. Wendel Brunner, HSD-Public Health
Mike Lango, General Services Department(GSD)
BY ,--;=-�-��";�� t�� , DEPUTY
D:\Climate ChangelC1imate_B0-Nov15.doc
Climate Protection Report—Measures to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
November 15, 2005
Page 3 of 3
BACKGROUND/REASONS FOR RECOMMENDATIONS — CONTINUED
• Identify any new funding sources (e.g. grants) that can be used to implement additional
GHG reduction measures and/or join the Cities for Climate Protection Campaign as well
as identify opportunities to expand the eligibility of funding sources to fund
implementation of more GHG reduction measures.
The Climate Protection Report provides a comprehensive sampling of measures to reduce
GHG emissions that other local governments can consider implementing. Many of these
measures offer benefits beyond climate protection, such as saving energy, conserving natural
resources, conserving water, preventing pollution and beautifying communities.
Many local governments, state and federal agencies and the BAAQMD are expected to
participate in a Bay Area-wide climate protection summit to be held next summer. This could
provide a good opportunity for the County to share information regarding the status of our
efforts and encourage other local jurisdictions to take similar actions to help protect the climate.
ATTACHMENTS:
• Summary Table—Measures to Reduce GHG Emissions
• Climate Protection Report
D:\Climate Change\C1imate_BO-Nov15.doc