HomeMy WebLinkAboutMINUTES - 11012005 - D2 Contra
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TO: BOARD OF SUPERVISORS �`� #� ``�'r COStB
rill :ate
FROM: William Walker, M.D., Health Services Director � � County
DATE: November 1, 2005
SUBJECT: Hazardous Materials Transportation Survey Report
SPECIFIC REQUEST(S) OR RECOMMENDATION(S) 8 BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION
RECOMMENDATIONS: Accept the report submitted by Health Services on the survey that was performed to
determine the quantity and types of hazardous materials that are being transported into and through the
County.
BACKGROUND/REASONS FOR RECOMMENDATIONS: The Governor's Office of Emergency Services
granted the Hazardous Materials Programs a grant to survey the hazardous materials that are being
transported into and through the County. The Hazardous Materials Programs personnel worked with the
California Department of Health in performing this survey. Attached is a copy of the report that was submitted
to the Governor's Office of Emergency Services. The report includes information about the amount of
hazardous materials and what hazardous materials are being transported. The report also gives information
about how the survey was performed. The information from the report can be used in emergency response
planning by understanding what and the quantity of hazardous materials being transported in Contra Costa
County.
FISCAL IMPACT:
No fiscal impact
CONTINUED ON ATTACHMENT: YES ❑ NO SIGNATURE 1�✓�
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ECOMMENDATION OF COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR _RECOMMENDATION OF BOARD COMMITTEE
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UNANIMOUS (ABSENr-000000wJ� CORRECT COPY.OF AN ACTION TAKEN AND
AYES: NOES: ENTERED ON THMINUTES OF THE BOARD
ABSENT: ABSTAIN: OF SUPERVISORS ON THE DATE SHOWN.
Contact: Randy Sawyer((925) 646-2286) ATTESTED..
cc: Randy Sawyer, Health Services Department JOHN SWEETEN, C RK OF THE
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS AND
COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR
BY , DEPUTY
RLS Hazmat nt\users\rsawyerUMy Documents\GrantsU-IazMat Transportation\Board Order 110105.doc
ADDENDUM TO D92
DATED NOVEMBER 1, 2005
On this day the Board CONSIDERED accepting an informational report on the
Hazardous Materials Transportation Survey.
A Hazardous Materials Transportation Report was presented to the Board of Supervisors
by Contra Costa Hazardous Materials Program Director,Randy Sawyer; Staff
Toxicologist, California Department of Health Services Environmental Health
Investigation Branch,, Sharon Lee; and Research Scientist, California Department of
Health Services Environmental Health Investigation Branch., Sandra McNeal.
Supervisor Gioia asked Ms. Lee why Interstate 80 from Port of Oakland up to Richmond
was selected as a major corridor as opposed to another location.
Ms. Lee responded selection of the survey depends on accessibility and staff safety. She
went on to say they couldn't sample all the major routes. Ms. Lee said staff drove the
freeways and ended with the locations available to them and that it is one of the limits of
the study.
Chair Uilkema asked Health Services Department staff if a survey is being done to try to
estimate the impact of truck traffic or the nature of this shipment during weekends?
Ms. Lee responded the Association for Bay Area Governments did a survey of general
truck traffic,noting that it is difficult.to identify the fuel deliveries with the trucks that
move out-of-state.
Chair Uilkema asked whether cargo described as explosives is military or nonmilitary.
Ms. Lee responded the database lists a wide range of cargo with the explosive preface
and that this ranges from ammunitions to rocket launchers, grenades and said her guess
is,military.
Chair Uilkema asked whether this was a legal shipment.
Ms. Lee responded—it was a commercial shipment and that it is legal.
Supervisor Gioia asked Ms. Lee whether there is any data and who has collected this data
that addresses rail and truck traffic carrying hazardous materials in the County and how
this all could be consolidated.
Ms. Lee responded there are various sources of data and the most detailed data would be
the accident data kept in a federal database by the National Transportation Board that is
informative,, even to state level at a finer geographical detail.
Supervisor Gioia commented that this is a good presentation,but the survey presented by
staff does not capture data on rail and traffic carrying hazardous material. He conceded
the numbers would be much higher as there is significant truck traffic in Interstate 80 and
580.
Supervisor Gioia proposed that when there is an opportunity H.S.D. should collect data
and identify a way to capture that information and asked when that opportunity might be.
Mr. Sawyer said he did not know when,but could have the possibility of working with an
intern who may find the time to do collect that data.
Supervisor Piepho questioned if the report presented could be compiled with a report the
State may have on a broader scope as well as Contra Costa County through the current
weigh stations.
Ms. Lee pointed out that this report is the only one they have for the State, and the
records for rail transport nationally and internationally are maintained by the companies
themselves. Ms. Lee explained the companies are required to share the report, if asked,
with an agency.
About truck transport surveys,Ms. Lee noted they could not find other surveys and said a
handful were done in other states in the 80's before traffic congestion. She went on to
say there are other ways to capture data, for example, cameras kept by CALTRANS.
Supervisor Piepho asked if the dockets of the record keeping is kept at a state level.?
Ms. McNeal responded for Ms. Lee who said the California Highway Patrol Weigh
Station officer writes up an individual truck for a violation and other than there is no
record kept of each truck. She went on to say the CHP has the authority to pull over
individual trucks to get this information but this is not done on a routine basis for every
truck.
Supervisor Piepho,reasoned that it would be proper to get county's state lobbyists efforts
on this issue.
Chair Uilkema recommended this information be presented to the Transportation and
Water Infrastructure Committee(TWIG)to consider what HSD could do with this
information. She also requested that HSD take this to the Emergency Operation Center,
(EOG)to see whether they may have recommendations with public safety, suggested
legislation., and pointed out that both these agencies would then recommend to the
Board. She thought there maybe other places but suggested TWIG and EOC might be
some good starting points.
Supervisor De Saulnier suggested there could be an opportunity for cross-fertilization
2
Hazardous Materials Transportation Study
for Contra Costa County, CA
Prepared By
Contra Costa Health Services,
Hazardous Materials Programs:
Randall Sawyer, Nathaniel Zuckerman, and Neal Price
California Department of Health Services,
Environmental Health Investigations Branch:
Sharon Lee, Sandra McNeel, Robert Gunier, Robert McLaughlin, and
Daniel Smith
1
Acknowledgements
This work was carried out under a Hazardous Materials Emergency
Preparedness planning grant (Grant Award # HMECA-4033120) awarded to the
Contra Costa County Hazardous Materials Programs. Technical assistance was
provided by the California Department of Health Services, Environmental Health
Investigations Branch. Railway hazardous materials data were kindly provided by
Union Pacific and Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroads. The authors also wish
to thank the Bay Area Rapid Transit System, the California Department of
Transportation, and the California Highway Patrol for the use of their facilities to
carry out the highway hazardous materials survey.
2
Table of Contents
Page
5 Executive Summary
7 Introduction
8 Highway Hazardous Materials Survey
14 Railway Hazardous Materials Data
17 Discussion
22 References
23 Truck Survey Exhibits, Figure, and Tables
24 Exhibit 1-A: DOT Hazard Classification System
25 Exhibit 1-13: DOT Placarding Tables
26 Figure 1: Map of Contra Costa County with Survey Locations
27 Table 1A: Fall and Summer Surrey Days, Times, and Locations
27 Table 1 B: Truck Survey- Hours of Observation by Location
28 Table 2: Truck Types Carrying Hazardous Materials - Entire
Survey
29 Table 3: Identification of UN numbers and Placards in Truck
Survey
30 Table 4: All UN numbers recorded from Hazardous Materials
Trucks during Entire Survey
33 Table 5: Comparison of Most Common UN numbers from Fall
2004 and Summer 2005 Truck Surveys
34 Table 6: Frequency of Hazardous Materials Worded Placards
for All Trucks in Fall 2004 and Summer 2005 Surveys
35 Table 7: Hazardous Materials Trucks per Hour by Location
36 Table 8: Hazardous Materials Trucks per Hour by Day of Week
and Location
37 Table 9: Hazardous Materials Trucks per Hour- Mornings vs.
Afternoons at Two Locations
37 Table 10: Hazardous Materials Trucks per Hour— Fall 2004 vs.
Summer 2005
38 Table 11: Trucked Hazardous Materials Loads with a UN
Number- Grouped by Emergency Response Guide Number
39 Table 12: "Toxic by Inhalation" (TIH)Trucked Materials
40 Table 13: Reaction Potential of Hazardous Materials
Transported on the Same Truck
41 Railway Data Figures and Tables
42 Figure 2: Railroads in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties
43 Figure 3: National Waybill Sample for Contra Costa and
Alameda Counties (2002 data)
44 Table 14: Hazardous Materials by STCC Number— Maximum
Loads-any Contra Costa Rail Segment
46 Table 15: Rail Hazardous Materials by Emergency Response
Guide Number
47 Table 16: "Toxic by Inhalation" Rail Hazardous Materials
3
48 Appendix I: Truck Survey Data by Individual Location
49 Hwy 580, Richmond/San Rafael Bridge Toll Plaza, Three
Mornings in June, 2005
50 Hwy 160, Antioch Bridge, Two Mornings in July, 2005
51 Hwy 4, Bridgehead and Main Street Intersection, Two Mornings
in July, 2005
52 Hwy 680, Walnut Creek Weigh Station, Three Mornings in July,
2005
54 Hwy 680, Walnut Creek Weigh Station, Three Afternoons in
July, 2005
56 Hwy 80, Carquinez Bridge Toll Plaza, Three Mornings in July,
2005
58 Hwy 80, Carquinez Bridge Toll Plaza, Three Afternoons in
August, 2005
60 Hwy 4, Pittsburg/Bay Point BART Station, Three Mornings in
August, 2005
62 Hwy 580, Livermore Weigh Station, Three Mornings in August,
2005
65 Hwy 80, Carquinez Bridge Toll Plaza, Five Mornings in
November, 2004
68 Hwy 4, Pittsburg/Bay Point BART Station, Five Mornings in
November, 2004
70 Hwy 680, Walnut Creek Weigh Station, Five Mornings in
November, 2004
4
Executive Summary
Staff members from the Contra Costa Health Services Hazardous Materials
Programs and the California Department of Health Services Environmental
Health Investigations Branch conducted a survey of hazardous materials
transported by commercial truck or rail in Contra Costa County. This is the first
investigation to provide estimates of the types and amounts of these materials
transported through Contra Costa County, one of the most heavily industrialized
counties in California. This two-part investigation included a roadside binocular
survey to collect information on hazardous materials-carrying trucks on major
county highways and a review of existing databases containing information on
rail transport of hazardous materials within Contra Costa County.
The highway roadside survey counted hazardous materials trucks for four-hour
time blocks each weekday morning for one week in November 2004 along three
major routes: Highway 680 in Walnut Creek, Highway 80 at the Carquinez
Bridge and Highway 4 in Pittsburg. In July and August 2005, trucks were
counted at these and four additional sites (Highway 580 at the Richmond/San
Rafael Bridge, Highway 4 in Oakley, Highway 160 at the Antioch Bridge, and
Highway 580 in Livermore). In total, 3,664 trucks were identified displaying more
than 4,000 hazardous materials identification numbers or placards. More than
75 percent of these vehicles were tanker trucks and the most frequently
transported substance was gasoline (34 percent of all identified hazardous
materials).
In this limited survey the highest rate of hazardous materials truck traffic (33
trucks per hour)was observed at the Highway 680/Walnut Creek weigh station.
There was a trend for higher hazardous materials truck frequencies in the
middle of the week. A higher number of hazardous materials trucks traveled
during the morning (7 am—noon) compared to afternoon (1 pm — 5 pm) at the
two sites where this comparison was made. No seasonal differences between
fall 2004 and summer 2005 truck frequencies were identified. Using emergency
response categories listed in the 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook (a
standard guide for first responders), 70 percent of the bulk hazardous loads
were flammable materials and almost 12 percent were toxic and/or corrosive
substances. Twenty-nine truckloads of materials classified as `toxic by
inhalation' (according to the U.S. Department of Transportation definition)were
identified, most frequently chlorine. These materials pose a significant inhalation
health hazard for first responders or persons in the immediate vicinity of a
release event. The potential for mixing of co-transported chemicals in the event
of an incident involving rupture of container walls was also considered.
Although container requirements for shipping hazardous materials are strict,
such an accident could lead to fires or explosions due to mixing of the co-
transported chemicals noted on trucks in this survey.
Rail transport data from two sources were examined: rail company databases
5
and the federal Carload Waybill Sample database. Rail freight transport in
Contra Costa County occurs on either Union Pacific Railroad (UP) or the
Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway (BNSF). Both rail companies provided 12
months of recent data (2004/2005)for hazardous materials transported to, from,,
and within the county. These data were reported by "railway segment", i.e., rail
car loads traveling between specific locations. UP rail segments in Contra
Costa include Martinez-Davis, Martinez-Tracy, and Oakland-Martinez, while
BNSF segments are Richmond-Port Chicago, Port Chicago-Pittsburg,
Pittsburg-Stockton, and Richmond-Oakland. The U.S. Surface Transportation
Board maintains the federal Waybill Sample database, an annual statistically
derived sampling of national rail shipments.
Review of the rail company data identified an average of 20,300 hazardous
materials loads per rail segment during the 12-month period. The most
frequently shipped hazardous material on any Contra Costa rail segment was
coded as `freight-all-kinds (FAK) hazardous materials', at approximately 14,500
loads. This descriptive designation was not further characterized in the railroad
databases with respect to the actual materials carried. While shipping
documents carried by rail personnel on trains would specifically identify the
amounts and types of materials carried, this information was not available
through the company databases. As with the truck data, rail data were also
analyzed by emergency response categories. Flammable and explosive
materials of various types represented over 40 percent of the emergency
response categories for hazardous materials carried by rail. Rail data was also
analyzed to determine `toxic by inhalation' classification. Chlorine was the most
frequent material in this category (850 loads maximum on any single Contra
Costa rail segment during the 12-month period of this review).
Limitations of this study include the restricted hours of hazardous materials truck
observation (1.4 percent or less of the typical number of hours these vehicles
would travel in Contra Costa on an annual basis). This study also could not
distinguish between trucks carrying a full load of material and those that were
empty, but had not been cleaned (thus containing some hazardous material
residue). These limitations did not allow an accurate and complete annual
estimation of hazardous materials flow through Contra Costa County. The rail
data, while providing a useful estimate of hazardous materials transport,
probably underestimate the total quantities shipped by this method.
Despite these limitations, data derived from the roadway binocular survey and
the rail database evaluation provide insights into the types and amounts of
hazardous materials transported within and through Contra Costa County. This
information can help emergency planners ensure that first responder training
and protective equipment, as well as county disaster planning, will protect
responders and the public in the event of atransportation-related hazardous
materials release.
6
Introduction
Hazardous materials transportation is a significant concern for emergency
response planners and responders. The U.S. Department of Transportation
(DOT) estimates daily shipments of hazardous materials at 500,000
chemicals/allied products and 300,000 petroleum product shipments in the
United States (DOT, 1998). Trucks carry approximately 55 percent and 40
percent, respectively, of the national tonnage of chemicals/allied products and
petroleum products (pipelines carry over 40 percent of petroleum tonnage).
Railroads carry an estimated 23 percent of the national tonnage of
chemicals/allied products and less than one percent of the petroleum products.
Hazardous materials transportation accidents can represent a significant threat to
both human and environmental health. In 1991, a train derailment near
Dunsmuir, California, released 19,000 gallons of the fumigant metam sodium into
the Sacramento River, killing nearly all aquatic life for 35-45 miles downstream
and causing 14 percent of Dunsmuir residents to seek medical care (Koehler and
Van Ness, 1993; CDHS, 1992). National data for 2004 show nearly 13,000
highway hazardous materials transportation incidents and over 750 railway
incidents (OHMS, 2004). Of these, California had 70 railway incidents and over a
thousand highway incidents. There were 461 serious hazardous materials
transportation incidents nationally in 2004, of which 21 occurred in California.
Those 21 resulted in four major injuries and cost California over$2.5 million. The
DOT Office of Hazardous Materials Safety defines a serious incident as: (1) a
release of a hazardous material causing serious injury or death; or (2) evacuation
of 25 or more people; or (3) closure of a major transportation artery; or (4)
release of a bulk quantity of hazardous material (over 119 gallons or 882
pounds).
Contra Costa County is one of the most heavily industrialized counties in
California, with multiple large chemical and petroleum industrial facilities. The
largest companies include Dow Chemical, General Chemical (facilities in Bay
Point and Richmond), Rhodia, Chevron Richmond Refinery, Calpine Power,
Tosco Avon Refinery, Tosco Rodeo Refinery, and the Shell Martinez Refining
Company. To date, there have been no hazardous materials commodity flow
surveys conducted in this County. This project addresses hazardous materials
commodity flow by commercial rail and truck shipments in Contra Costa County
during 2004 and 2005. By providing data on the types and amounts of hazardous
materials traveling in and through the county, this project will enhance the
emergency planning capabilities of local and state agencies.
There were two components of the project: (1) Design of a roadside survey for
commercial truck transport of hazardous materials, and (2) Review of existing
railroad hazardous materials transportation databases for Contra Costa County.
The major goal of the study is to enhance emergency preparedness planning for
response agencies in Contra Costa County and the State.
7
Highway Hazardous Materials Survey
The highway hazardous materials flow survey (truck survey)was undertaken to
characterize the types and relative amounts of hazardous materials moving on
Contra Costa highways. The study was able to identify: (1) highways most
heavily used by hazardous materials trucks; (2) hazard classes/material
identification; (3)truck type and numbers; and (4)time/day/seasonal variations to
a limited degree.
Hazardous materials flow surveys for commercial trucks have been done in a
small number of states (DOT, 1995). However, no previous roadside surveys
were identified for Contra Costa County or for California as a whole. DOT has
developed guidance for conducting hazardous materials flow surveys (DOT,
1995). This guidance was reviewed prior to designing the highway hazardous
materials flow survey in Contra Costa County. The study design chosen is
specific to Contra Costa County, however, the methods could be applied to other
locations.
The types of information that can be gathered from a highway hazardous
materials flow survey depend on the method used. Field data collection options
reviewed prior to the study included: (1) roadside placard survey (binocular
survey); (2) shipping paper review or photocopy; and/or (3) brief(less than three
minutes) driver interviews. Primary survey design considerations included: (1)
survey locations (highway weigh stations, points of entry into the study area
(county), toll bridges, etc.); (2) seasonal/repetitive sampling and statistical
considerations; and (3) staffing safety, needs, and resources.
For this study, a binocular survey method was chosen. In the initial project
proposal, project staff theorized that a roadside binocular surrey in the fall of
2004 would lead to a more in-depth survey in 2005. This larger study would stop
hazardous materials trucks at California Highway Patrol (CHP)weigh stations to
record information from shipping papers carried by the driver. This type of review
was recommended in the DOT guidance (DOT,1995), as it provides considerable
in-depth information, including the complete identification of the transported
material, the load weight/volume, and the origin and destination of the load.
However, it became clear in discussions with CHP Commercial Division officers
that a shipping paper review would not be feasible in Contra Costa County due to
the high truck traffic density at the weigh station. Individual driver surveys would
lead to increased truck scale congestion and safety concerns as truck traffic
backed up along the freeway lanes entering the weigh stations. Therefore, the
project plan was changed to extend the fall binocular survey to additional
locations and times during the summer of 2005.
Roads available for hazardous materials transportation were identified primarily
through consultations with CHP officers and staff members of the Contra Costa
Health Services Hazardous Materials Programs. The roadways selected for the
8
fall 2004 binocular survey are the most heavily traveled highways in the County.
Summer 2005 survey locations were extended to include more points of entry to
and exit from the county. Highway survey locations for both fall 2004 and
summer 2005 are shown in Figure 1 and include:
1) Hwy 580— Richmond/San Rafael toll bridge plaza;
2a) Hwy 160—Antioch toll bridge plaza;
2b) Hwy 4—Oakley street intersection;
3) Hwy 680—Walnut Creek weigh station;
4) Hwy 80— Carquinez toll bridge plaza;
5) Hwy 4— Pittsburgh train Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station; and
6) Hwy 580—Livermore weigh station.
The last location in Livermore is not within Contra Costa County. It was included
because it is a heavily traveled truck route and connects with Hwy 680 at the
southern border of Contra Costa County. Fall 2004 surveys were conducted at
locations 3-5; summer 2005 surveys were carried out at all locations. These sites
include all major highways on which hazardous materials move in Contra Costa
County.
Morning survey times were initially chosen based on consultation with officers at
CHIP weigh stations, who indicated that mornings were the peak traffic flow
period for all trucks, including those transporting hazardous materials. A general
transportation study for the San Francisco Bay Area also showed mornings as
the peak truck traffic period in Contra Costa County (Cambridge Systematics,
2003). The fall 2004 survey covered five weekday mornings, Monday-Friday, at
each of the three survey locations, to determine if large changes in-hazardous
materials truck traffic occurred by day. Staff limitations necessitated reducing
summer survey times to three weekdays, rather than the full five weekdays. In
both fall and summer surveys both directions of truck traffic were counted in each
four-hour block. More details of survey observation days, hours, and locations
are presented in Table 1 A.
The binocular survey recorded the following information: (1) hazardous materials
truck frequency by one-hour blocks; (2) hazardous material identification (UN)
number and/or placard type; and (3)truck type (tanks, boxcar, other). Informal
notes included weather and traffic conditions. Binoculars at 16 x 50 power were
used by most surveyors. A digital camera with a 300 mm f4 image-stabilized
telephoto lens was also used. The equipment was generally suitable for capturing
the data. However, for some trucks bearing multiple placards and/or UIN
numbers, all of the data could not be captured by these methods.
Among the most important information obtained in a highway hazardous
materials survey is the hazardous UN number and/or the placard type. UIN (for
United Nations) numbers are four-digit numbers that identify either the specific
material carried, such as gasoline (1203), or a related family of hazardous
9
materials, such as"elevated temperature liquid" (3257). UN numbers must be
displayed on bulk loads which include: (1)tanks; (2)vehicles carrying 8,820
pounds of any one hazardous material; and (3) 2,205 pounds of materials that
are the most hazardous poisons by inhalation (BOE, 2004; RSPA, Chart 12).
Placards are diamond-shaped signs that bear either the UN number or a worded
description, e.g., "flammable", and are color-coded to correspond to the hazard.
The hazard classification system is listed in Exhibit 1-A (BOE, 2004; RSPA, Chart
12). Placards must be used on transport vehicles carrying any quantity of the
most hazardous types of explosives, poison gas, materials that are dangerous
when wet, organic peroxides, inhalation hazard poisons, and radioactive material
(Exhibit 1-B). Placards must also be used for all less hazardous materials when
the combined weight is 1,001 pounds or more (i.e., no placard is required for
these materials if they are under 1,001 pounds) (Exhibit 1-B) (BOE, 2004; RSPA,
Chart 12). Placard types are pictorially displayed in the 2004 Emergency
Response Guidebook (DOT, 2004).
Table 1 B summarizes the hours of observation by survey location. Total hours
surveyed at each location ranged from eight to 44 hours, with traffic in both
directions studied each hour. The survey periods are largely a snapshot of
weekday mornings at each location. The heavily traveled highways 80 and 680
also had snapshot surveys of three weekday afternoons. Although the
information gathered in this study is limited, certain trends suggest themselves
within the framework of the data. These trends are discussed below, with
accompanying statistical analyses when appropriate.
Table 2 shows the general types of trucks that were identified in the survey.
Tankers constitute by far the largest percentage (77 percent) of all trucks
counted in the survey. Boxcars and enclosed trucks account for another 10
percent of the total. A number of trucks fell in the "other" category (12 percent);
these included flatbeds loaded with small gas cylinders, utility trucks with small
fuel tanks, etc. There was a unique type of truck that was recorded as "multiple
(large)tanks" (see photo appended to Table 2). These generally carried
corrosive liquids, e.g., acids, and were seen most frequently on highway 80 at
the Carquinez toll bridge. They represented less than one percent of all
hazardous materials trucks.
The identification of UN numbers and placards was largely successful using this
survey method. Table 3 shows the percentage of missed or partial identifications
out of the total numbers identified. Complete identification of placards and UN
numbers was made in 3,996 cases out of 4,050. Of the 54 partial or missing
identifications, 30 were UN numbers and 24 were worded placards. Trucks
traveling at highway speeds, multiple placards/UN numbers on a truck, and poor
weather/visibility were contributing factors in missed identifications.
Table 4 shows all the UN numbers (all the bulk loads) recorded in the fall and
10
summer surreys, and their frequencies (number of times identified). Gasoline
was the clear leader at nearly 34 percent of all bulk loads. Generic elevated
temperature liquids ranked second, at over 10 percent of the total. Another fuel,
liquefied petroleum gas ranked third (8.5 percent), and the fourth-ranked
material, generic"combustible liquid", was nearly eight percent of the total.
Informal discussions with CHP weigh station staff suggest that this combustible
liquid material is typically diesel fuel. Following these materials are: molten sulfur
(nearly six percent); hypochlorite solution (3.6 percent); a group of refrigerated
liquids, including carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen (each around two to three
percent); and various acids and bases, including sodium hydroxide (three
percent), generic inorganic acids (1.8 percent), and sulfuric acid (one percent).
Generic alcohols also represent approximately one percent of the total. Molten
(elevated-temperature) sulfur is a refinery product. The other named chemicals
find multiple uses in industry and domestic use.
The most commonly observed UN numbers (bulk loads) were compared from the
fall and summer surveys for the same locations (highway 80 Carquinez, highway
680 Walnut Creek, and highway 4 Pittsburg/Bay Point BART, locations 3-5 on
Figure 1) and the same times (Table 5). There was only one statistically
significant seasonal difference in the relative frequency of these transported
materials—gasoline. Gasoline was 35 percent of the UN number total in the fall,
and 27 percent in the summer. This limited study cannot determine whether this
difference is truly seasonal, or a reflection of the specific week(s) of observation.
Table 6 summarizes the survey data on worded placards. DOT requires placards
on loads that are not large enough to warrant a UN number, but are at least
1,001 pounds of any DOT Table 2 materials or any amount of a DOT Table 1
material (Exhibit 1-13). By extension, hazardous material loads which fall below
these placarding requirements are not placarded at all. Table 6 summarizes the
placard frequency of observation by the hazard type, e.g., flammable, and the
hazard class/division code, e.g., 2.1 for flammable gases. The most frequently
placarded materials found in this surrey were nonflammable gases (27 percent),
corrosives (20 percent), flammable liquids (14 percent), and flammable gases (11
percent). All flammable materials combined (gases, liquids, and solids) represent
28 percent of the hazardous materials identified by placards.
Table 7 shows hazardous materials trucks per hour by location (counting both
directions on a highway). The highest frequency of trucks per hour was seen at
the Hwy 680 weigh station (Treat Blvd in Walnut Creek), 33 trucks/hour. A typical
midpoint in frequency was seen on Hwy 80 at the Carquinez toll bridge, 23 trucks
per hour. The lowest frequencies were at the northeastern end of the county
(Hwy 4 at Bridgehead and Main in Oakley, 12 trucks per hour; and the Hwy 160
Antioch toll bridge, eight trucks per hour).
Hazardous materials truck counts were also compared by day of the week and
location (Tables 8A, B). Table 8A (for fall 2004 survey data, when trucks were
11
counted Monday through Friday) shows a weekday difference only at the Hwy 80
Carquinez toll bridge, where truck frequency was higher on Thursday and lower
on Friday. Table 813 displays truck frequencies from the summer 2005 survey,
conducted on Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday only. The only weekday
difference in the summer survey was a lower frequency of trucks on Monday at
the Hwy 680 Walnut Creek truck scale. Specifically, truck frequency was not
higher on Thursday at the Carquinez toll bridge in the summer surrey (Table 8B).
In general, hazardous materials truck frequencies were lower on Monday than
other weekdays.
Table 9 compares truck numbers and trucks per hour, comparing mornings to
afternoons, at the two locations where afternoon surveys were conducted in the
summer (Hwy 80 at the Carquinez toll bridge and Hwy 680 at the Walnut Creek
weigh stations). The data show a higher number of hazardous materials trucks in
the morning at both the Carquinez toll bridge (average 18 trucks per hour in the
morning and 12 trucks per hour in the afternoon) and Hwy 680 Walnut Creek (34
trucks per hour in the morning and 26 trucks per hour in the afternoon).
Table 10 compares the seasonal snapshots of hazardous materials truck
frequencies, using data for the locations and times that were the same in the fall
and summer surveys. Observations for this analysis were made Monday,
Wednesday, and Thursday, 8 am to 11 am at Hwy 680 (Walnut Creek), Hwy 80
(Carquinez), and Hwy 4 (Pittsburg BART). There was no significant difference
between the fall 2004 and summer 2005 truck frequencies at these locations for
the periods of observation.
Table 11 groups all the bulk loads (all the observed UN numbers) into emergency
response categories. These categories are listed in the 2004 Emergency
Response Guidebook, a standard guide for first responders (DOT, 2004). Over
half of all trucked bulk loads were flammable liquids insoluble in water(54
percent). Another nine percent were flammable gases, and six percent and 2.1
percent were flammable solids and water-soluble flammable liquids, respectively.
All flammables combined totaled more than 70 percent of all hazardous materials
identified in this study. Separate from the flarnmables, nearly 12 percent of the
observed bulk loads were toxic and/or corrosive substances (noncombustible). A
number of other listed DOT guide categories were for toxic and/or corrosive
materials with varying chemical properties. These are a significant health
concern for first responders and persons near the scene of an incident involving
a release of these materials.
Of special concern are materials that are classified as "toxic by inhalation". DOT
classifies these materials as "...a gas or volatile liquid which is known to be so
toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to health during transportation, or in the
absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to humans
because when tested on laboratory animals it has an LC50 value [lethal
concentration to 50 percent of the test animals] of not more than 5000 ppm [parts
12
per million]" (DOT, 2004). Table 12 lists the total loads recorded during the
survey of all trucked materials classified as "toxic by inhalation." Chlorine leads
the list, with ten truckloads, followed by anhydrous ammonia (nine loads), sulfuryl
fluoride (four loads), and sulfur dioxide (three loads).
The final table for the truck survey, Table 13, summarizes hazardous chemical
reactions (fire and explosion)that can occur when chemicals are mixed as noted
in the Table. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration developed a
`chemical reactivity worksheet' that analyzes mixture components in pairs, and
provides a summary report of potential reactions for each pair(NOAH, 2004).
This was the tool used in the Table 13 analysis. The "mixture" on each line of the
Table represents a group of chemicals that were observed in transport on the
same truck during the highway survey. While packing requirements for
hazardous materials transportation are rigorous, the possibility of an accident
during transportation raises a concern for co-transported chemicals that may
combust or explode when mixed together by an accident severe enough to
rupture individual packaging barriers.
13
Railway Hazardous Materials Data
A review of federal, state, and local data sources did not disclose any prior
publication of railway hazardous material flow data for Contra Costa County,
other than data obtainable from the federal Waybill Sample. The Surface
Transportation Board (STB) maintains the federal Carload Waybill Sample
database (STB, Waybill FAQs). The Waybill Sample is a yearly statistical sample
of rail freight movements within the United States. Sample size includes
approximately 2.5-3.0 percent of national rail freight shipments. The sample data
is statistically converted to a national annual estimate. The Waybill database
includes information such as carloads, tonnage, hazardous material placarding,
commodity code, mileage, origin, and termination. The railroads also maintain
their own databases (from which the Waybill Sample data are drawn). The
railroad databases are a complete record of shipments, rather than a statistical
sample. The railroad data are available to government agencies by request to the
individual railroads.
In Contra Costa County, the primary railroads are the Union Pacific Railroad (UP)
and the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway (BNSF). Data were requested for
the 2004 calendar year from UP and BNSF. Both railroads supplied 12 months of
data with complete records for hazardous materials transportation on railways
within or traveling into or out of Contra Costa County. The UP data were for
January through December 2004. The BNSF data covered a slightly more recent
12-month time period, from April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2005.
The data from both railways were provided by "railway segment," i.e., loads
moving between specific points on the rail system. The railway segments for UP
in Contra Costa County are: (1) Martinez— Davis; (2) Martinez—Tracy; and (3)
Oakland —Martinez. The railway segments for BNSF are: (1) Richmond —Port
Chicago; (2) Port Chicago— Pittsburg; (3) Pittsburg—Stockton; and (4)
Richmond —Oakland (Figure 2). The railroad data included the primary
designation of the hazardous material by Standard Transportation Commodity
Code (STCC) number and the corresponding phrase description, along with load
information. STCC codes for hazardous materials are seven-digit numbers used
to identify goods transported by the railroads (BTS, 2002).
Rail segment data showed an average of 20,300 hazardous materials loads
carried on each of the first six rail segments named above (range approximately
10,000—27,000 loads). There was only one hazardous materials load carried on
the Richmond - Oakland rail segment for the entire 12 months; therefore, this
segment was not averaged with the other six. The Richmond-Oakland segment
and the Martinez-Oakland segment use the same track between approximately
the Richmond-EI Cerrito border and Oakland. Thus, while only one hazardous
material load was reported specifically for the Richmond-Oakland section, a large
volume of hazardous material was carried on the Martinez-Oakland segment as
a whole.
14
Any given load may move from one segment to the next, and may be transferred
between railroads. In fact, this is a common practice. Hence, the data analysis
could not sum loads between segments, as this was likely to be duplicative.
Instead the maximum number of loads was identified for each hazardous
material (each STCC code) carried on any line segment over a 12-month period..
As a hypothetical example, STCC code "XYZ..." shows 12-month totals ranging
from 80 - 300 loads on the different rail segments in Contra Costa County. Three
hundred is the maximum transported on any line segment for material "XYZ".
The data presented in Table 14 show the maximum number of loads on any line
segment for each hazardous material reported by UP and BNSF during the
corresponding 12 months. As can be seen from this table, the most frequent
materials carried are `freight-all-kinds (FAK) hazardous materials.' There are
approximately 14,500 loads from the two most frequent STCC codes in this
category at the top of Table 14. These `FAK hazardous materials' were not
described further in the railroad databases and likely represent mixed material
loads. The FAK category is composed of intermodal shipments, that is -
containers on flat cars. Since there are often multiple containers on a flat car,
one may contain hazardous material and the other may not. The way in
which intermodal shipments are traditionally classified and reported in the
railroad data is a limitation in directly identifying the nature of FAK cargo.
Shipping papers carried with the load would specifically identify the amounts and
types of hazardous materials within the mixed load. Following this category, the
most frequent hazardous materials in Table 14, listed by material and maximum
loads on any rail segment, are: liquefied petroleum gas (5,539 loads); alcohols,
N.O.S. —not otherwise specified (2,956 loads); sulfuric acid (2,329 loads);
cartridges for weapons (1,570 loads); and chlorine (850 loads).
The data were also analyzed to identify the basic categories of emergency
response that might be required for these rail-transported materials, e.g.,
response to a flammable material or response to an acid (corrosive) spill.
Materials were grouped into Emergency Response Guide categories, similarly to
that done for materials carried by truck, using the 2004 Emergency Response
Guidebook (DOT, 2004). Table 15 shows this grouping. As expected, the most
frequent category (37 percent)was `Mixed load/Unidentified cargo,'
corresponding to the FAK hazardous materials' STCC codes. This response
category assumes the highest risk may be present, until shown otherwise, by
exact identification of the material involved. Emergency response categories
following the mixed load/unidentified cargo are: Flammable gases (19 percent);
Flammable, water-soluble liquids (nine percent); and Explosives (eight percent).
Overall, fire and explosion are the most likely response categories, based on the
frequency of transportation of these materials.
In Table 16, materials were also identified that were in the hazard class of`toxic
by inhalation,' as classified in the 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook. As
15
mentioned in the truck survey section of this report, a `toxic by inhalation' hazard
is a gas or volatile liquid that is known to be toxic to humans or presumed to be
based on its toxicity to animals (DOT, 2004). Chlorine was the most frequently
observed "toxic by inhalation" material, with a maximum of 850 loads carried on
any one rail segment in Contra Costa during the 12-month period. Following
chlorine were: ammonia (173 loads); hydrogen fluoride (34 loads); sulfur dioxide
(33 loads); and methyl bromide (24 loads). Two of the less frequently transported
materials, trichlorosilane (three loads) and aluminum phosphide (one load), are
water-reactive materials and can generate large amounts of hydrogen chloride
and phosphine gases, respectively, both of which are extremely toxic when
inhaled. It is important to emphasize that while the method used in this study to
evaluate the rail data avoids double counting rail loads, it also underestimates
the total numbers of these hazardous materials shipments. Thus the number of
`toxic by inhalation' shipments may be greater than indicated from this data.
Overall, the `toxic by inhalation' materials represent a serious hazard to
responders and any other persons in the vicinity of a release, and require a high
level of respiratory protection.
Finally, the federal Waybill Sample and railroad databases were compared for
consistency of reporting. Waybill sample data were obtained for the most recent
year available at the time of the analysis, 2002. A map of the Waybill data for
hazardous materials transported by rail in Contra Costa County (and neighboring
Alameda County) during 2002 is shown in Figure 3. On the Waybill map, the
circles represent total pounds of hazardous materials (identified by STCC code)
originated or terminated by zip code. That is, the circles are centered at the zip
code centroid. The slices represent"originated" or"terminated"where orange is
originated and red is terminated. For example, the Port of Oakland has a higher
proportion of terminated shipments than the other locations, at least according to
the Waybill sample. The Waybill sample data in Figure 3 can be compared with
the UP and BNSF railroad data in Table 14, which is based on 100 percent
reporting by the railroads. The Waybill sample is two years prior to the railroad
data, which may account for some of the differences in reported loads (2002 for
the Waybill data and 2004-2005 for the railroad data). However, in some cases
the differences are striking, e.g., chlorine. The Waybill data lists chlorine at
180,000 pounds (90 tons)transported by rail within Contra Costa County. Ninety
tons is equivalent to one railcar loaded with chlorine. By comparison, the data
provided by the railroads show at least 850 loads moving on rail segments in the
county (Table 14). At 90 tons each, 850 loads represent 76,500 tons or
153,000,000 pounds of chlorine. This suggests that the statistical sampling for
the national Waybill data less accurately reflects rail shipments on a smaller
geographical scale, such as a county level.
16
Discussion
This report analyzed complete hazardous materials transportation data for 12
months for the major railroads in Contra Costa County and data gathered from
short-term binocular surveys on all of the major roads within Contra Costa that
carry hazardous materials (truck surveys). The truck surveys ranged from eight
to 44 hours total survey time per location, with longer times spent at the locations
with the higher frequencies of hazardous materials trucks per hour. Highway 680
at the Walnut Creek weigh station had the highest frequency of hazardous
materials trucks (33 per hour); Highway 160 at the Antioch toll bridge had the
lowest frequency of trucks (eight per hour), four times lower than Highway 680 in
Walnut Creek. A lower frequency was also seen on Highway 4 near its eastern
terminus (12 per hour), compared to Highway 4 further west, at Pittsburg/Bay
Point (25 per hour).
The truck surveys consisted of four-hour snapshots (largely mornings) over a
period of days. This data cannot be statistically extended to an entire year
because of the small sample size. To put this in perspective, a rough calculation
yields the following estimate. If one assumes that the major hazardous materials
truck traffic follows the general traffic pattern for trucks in the San Francisco Bay
Area (Cambridge Systematics, 2003), most truck traffic occurs during the hours
from 6 am to 6 pm. Assuming this 12-hour window across five weekdays yields
an estimated time of about 3,100 hours over a year for the bulk of the hazardous
materials truck traffic flow. Truck survey snapshots represent 1.4 percent or less
of those 3,100 hours at each of the survey locations (Table 1).
As of the most recent transportation census in 2002, trucks carry almost 53
percent of the tonnage of all hazardous materials shipments in the United States.
By comparison, railroads carry five percent of the national hazardous materials
tonnage, with the remaining tonnage carried by pipeline, water, and air modes
(DOT, 2004). California originates over nine percent, and also receives over nine
percent, of the total national hazardous material tonnage. Although we cannot
directly.compare truck survey and rail data in the Contra Costa County survey, it
is likely that trucks are the predominant mode of transportation for most
hazardous materials in Contra Costa County, similar to the rest of the country.
Season, weekday, and time of day were also compared in the truck survey data.
A seasonal variation was not observed in the survey of truck movements from
several days in November 2004 and July/August 2005. As a corollary, when the
most frequent types of material carried by bulk load (bearing UN numbers)were
compared, only gasoline showed a statistically significant difference, 35 percent
of all observed UN numbers in the November surrey versus 27 percent in the
July/August survey (p<0.0215). Weekday differences were seen by location in
some instances, but did not appear to be consistent. For example, in the
November survey, hazardous material truck frequencies were higher on
Thursday and lower on Friday at the Highway 80 Carquinez toll bridge. The
17
July/August survey showed a weekday difference only at Highway 680 in Walnut
Creek, with a lower frequency of hazardous materials trucks on Monday. While a
more extended survey period might show consistent seasonal and daily
differences, these snapshots do not. Morning versus afternoon survey data were
collected at two locations: Highway 680 in Walnut Creek and Highway 80 at
Carquinez. There was less truck traffic in the afternoon than in the mornings at
both Highway 80 (23 percent lower) and Highway 680 (31 percent lower).
While rail and truck hazardous materials data cannot be quantitatively compared
in terms of volume of materials transported over a year, there does appear to be
a difference in the types of materials carried most frequently by the two
transportation modes. Tankers carrying a single type of hazardous material (a
bulk load with one UN number) made up over 75 percent of the truck types
carrying hazardous materials in the highway survey. Gasoline, liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG) and other fuels collectively represent the majority of bulk
loads observed in the truck survey, followed by generic elevated temperature
liquids, sulfur (molten), hypochlorite, and various refrigerated liquid gases (Table
4). The rail data show a profile that is somewhat different. The ambiguous
category 'FAK hazardous materials,' reflective of intermodal rail transport of a
variety of materials, tops the list. This is followed by LPG, alcohols, sulfuric acid,
cartridges for weapons, and chlorine. LPG is one of the fuels commonly
transported by both rail and truck. Munitions of all kinds are a sizeable grouping
in the hazardous materials transported by rail, quite unlike the truck profile. There
is also some difference in the geography of rail versus truck movements in the
county. Railroad segments follow the western and northern rim of the county,
with one segment traversing the southern end, towards Tracy and Stockton. The
heavily-traveled Highway 680 runs through the middle of the county. Most of the
rail or highway transportation of hazardous materials is in or near residential
areas.
The bulk load hazardous materials observed in the truck survey fall largely into
the emergency response categories with a flammable designation. Most of these
are flammable liquids that are not soluble in water, e.g., gasoline. Potential
hazards in this category include fire or explosion, including vapor hazards that
are heavier than air and may collect in low-lying areas, e.g., valleys or sewers.
Health hazards 'include inhalation or direct contact burns. Structural fire fighters'
protective clothing provides only limited protection from these materials. DOT
emergency response guidelines recommend that a self-contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA) be worn. Downwind evacuation in a large flammable materials
spill could be up to 1,000 feet; in a truck or tank fire, evacuation could be up to
one-half mile (DOT, 2004).
The emergency response category for toxic and/or corrosive substances (non-
combustible) represented nearly 12 percent of the total bulk loads observed in
the truck survey, e.g., sodium hydroxide (an alkali/base). Potential hazards
prominently include the risk of severe chemical burns from this category of
18
materials. Structural fire fighters' protective clothing provides only limited
protection from these materials, as well. SCBA should be worn in the response.
In the event of a truck or tank fire involving toxic or corrosive materials, the
protective evacuation distance could be up to one-half mile (DOT, 2004).
The railroad shipments of hazardous materials fell into somewhat different
hazardous response categories. The leading category was for mixed
loads/unidentified cargo, and largely represented the "FAK hazardous materials"
rail shipments. Without further information (e.g., location of the shipping papers
with exact material identification)this category requires stringent precautions for
health, fire, and environmental risks. SCBA breathing protection should be used.
Spills or leaks should be isolated for 330 feet in all directions. In the event of a
truck or tank fire, the protective evacuation distance could be up to one-half mile
(DOT, 2004).
The second and third most frequent emergency response categories for rail
hazardous materials were flammable gases and water-soluble flammable liquids,
with many of the hazard considerations similar to those listed above for
flammable materials. In addition, water-soluble materials represent an increased
environmental risk of contamination to groundwater and other water sources. The
fourth emergency response category for rail hazmat is for explosives. These
materials may explode and throw fragments a mile or more if they catch fire. Fire
may also produce toxic gases. DOT emergency response guidelines recommend
a spilt be isolated one-third to one-half mile in all directions and a fire isolated for
one-half to one mile, depending on the type of explosive (DOT, 2004).
There are several hazardous materials observed in the truck survey or in the rail
data that are a potential significant health concern for first responders—the "toxic
by inhalation" (TIH) materials. Chlorine and anhydrous ammonia were the most
frequently observed TIH materials in the truck survey, a total of ten and nine bulk
truck loads, respectively. They were also the most frequent TIH materials in the
rail data, with 850 rail carloads of chlorine and 173 carloads of anhydrous
ammonia, as the maximum number of loads carried over 12 months on any rail
segment in Contra Costa County. The inhalation lethality of these chemicals
should not be underestimated. Chlorine was recently involved in a train
derailment in South Carolina. Part of one 90-ton railcar of chlorine was released
in a small community, killing nine people and causing over 500 people to seek
treatment for possible chlorine exposure (ATSDR, 2005).
Lastly, there is the consideration of chemical reactions from co-transported
hazardous materials. We collected data from the truck survey which showed a
number of hazardous materials moving on the same truck which, if mixed, could
result in fire and/or explosion. The most common mixtures observed included
various acids and bases (alkaline materials). We did not have data on co-
transported materials for the railroads.
19
This study has several limitations. Many of them pertain to the truck survey. The
types of information which can be gathered from a highway hazardous material
flow survey depend on the method used. In this study, a binocular survey method
was used because traffic densities on the highway corridors in question
prevented stopping the trucks and retrieving shipping document information
and/or interviewing the drivers. The study was able to identify the county traffic
corridors most heavily used, identify hazardous materials by UN number and
placard classes, characterize the truck types, and conduct a limited analysis of
time/day/seasonal variations. A more in-depth study in which trucks were
stopped and drivers interviewed or shipping documents examined could retrieve
additional information, such as the exact chemical name(s) of the material(s)
carried, origin and destination, load weight/volume, driver safety training, and
regulatory compliance.
In the truck survey there were other methodological limitations. Data were not
always completely captured for trucks bearing multiple UN numbers/placards,
particularly for trucks moving at full highway speeds. This occurred when the
weigh stations were closed and at survey locations other than the weigh stations.
In addition, the PrePassT"' system allows trucks,registered in this program to
legally bypass open weigh stations (CA DOT). These vehicles obtain special
transponders that send data about the truck and its cargo (e.g., weight, size,
safety record)to computers in the weigh station. If the computers determine that
all shipping requirements are met, the truck, whether loaded or empty, can
bypass the open weigh station. Another limitation of the survey method was the
inability to distinguish between trucks carrying a full load and trucks that were
"empty but not clean," i.e., which had a residue in the bottom of the load
compartment. Residue loads still require a UN number/placard notification. When
the weigh stations were open, which only occurred during a portion of the survey
time, the "empty but not clean" loads could be distinguished by their use of the
outer lane of the weigh station (truck with full loads pass through the weigh
station in the inner lane). This gave a sense that residue loads were common for
some hazardous materials, e.g., gasoline. However, they could not be quantified
for the above reasons.
Statistical validity is an important consideration, i.e., can the data be used with
reasonable confidence to estimate traffic flow over the year, including seasonal
and peak changes. Our study was not able to estimate traffic flow over the year,
or identify any peak changes. A very limited assessment of seasonal changes
was done comparing the fall 2004 and summer 2005 data. The study did provide
a baseline understanding of the relative amounts and types of hazardous
materials moving in Contra Costa County, and can be used in developing more
in-depth truck surveys, should that be deemed necessary.
The rail data provided a useful assessment of the-hazardous materials moving by
rail in Contra Costa. The data were essentially 100 percent reporting for a full 12
months for each railroad. Certain reporting limitations affected the study. These
20
included the railroad practice of reporting mixed hazardous materials intermodal
loads as "FAK." This limits the usefulness of this type of data. A more useful
reporting practice might include the STCC numbers for each hazardous material
in the mixed freight. Another limitation in the rail data analysis was the lack of
information on which loads move from one rail segment to another. Since rail
cargo typically moves across multiple rail segments and from one rail carrier to
another, it was not possible to sum hazardous materials loads across segments.
Instead, the analysis used the "maximum load carried on any one rail segment"
as the defining quantity for each hazardous material (each STCC number)
moving on rails in the county. This likely underestimates the total hazardous
material quantities moved in the county, at least for some materials, but provides
a reasonable estimate of the relative scale of individual materials moving by rail.
21
References
1. ATSDR, Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance, Train
Derailment and Chemical Release in Graniteville, South Carolina, Agency for
Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2005. URL:
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HS/HSEES/sctrain.html.
2. BOE, Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of Transportation,
Bureau of Explosives, Tariff No. BOE-6000, August 29, 2004.
3. BTS, Standard classification of transported goods code information, Bureau of
Transportation Statistics, 2002, URL:
http://www.bts.Qov/publications/commodity flow survey/2002/united states final
/htmi/appendix d.html
4. CDHS, Acute Health Effects of the Cantara Metam Sodium Spill: an
Epidemiologic Assessment, California Department of Health Services, 1992.
URL:
http://www.ehib.orq/cma/paper.isp?paper kev=CANTERA METAM SODIUM 1
992
5. Cambridge Systematics Inc., Regional Goods Movement Studv for the San
Francisco Bay Area: Data reconnaissance and trends final report (task June
209 2003. URL: http://www.mtc.ca.Qov/planning/rgm/Task2/Title-Exec-
Summarv.pd
6. CA DOT, PrePassT"" System,, URL: lwww.dot.ca.gov/hq/traffo2s/trucks/bypa,.>-,.>
7. DOT, 2004 Emergency Response Guidebook, US Dept. of Transportation,
2004, URL: http://hazmat.dot.gov/pubs/erg/gydebook.htm
8. DOT, United States: 2002 Hazardous Materials Commodity Flow Survey,
ECO2TCF-US(HM), US Dept. of Transportation, 2004. URL:
http://www.census.Qov/prod/ec02/ec02tcf-haz pdf
9. DOT, Hazardous Materials Shipments, US Dept. of Transportation, Office of
Hazardous Materials Safety, 1998. URL:
http://hazmat.dot.gov/pubs/hms/hmship.pdf
10. DOT, Guidance for Conducting Hazardous Materials Flow Surveys,
DOT-VNTSC-RSPA-94-2, US Dept. of Transportation, 1995. URL:
http://hazmat.dot.Qov/training/state/hmep/guide flow surveyspdf.
11. Koehler GA & Van Ness C, The emergency medical response to the Cantara
hazardous materials incident, Prehospital Disaster Medicine 8(4):359-65, 1993.
12. NOAH, Chemical Reactivity Worksheet, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, 2004, URL:
http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/chemaids/react.html
13. OHMS, Hazardous Materials Incident Data, Office of Hazardous Materials
Safety, 2004, URL: htta://hazmat.dot.Qov/pWbs/inc/data/2004/2004frm.htm
14. RSPA, DOT Chart 12: Hazardous Materials Marking, Labeling & Placardinq
Guide, DHM50-0019-0104, US Dept. of Transportation, Research and Special
Programs Administration. URL:
http://hazmat.dot.Qov/training/pubtrain/pubforsa.htm
15. STB, Carload Waybill Sample FAQs, Surface Transportation Board
URL: http://www.stb.dot.gov/stb/faQs.html#waybill
22
Truck Survey: Exhibit, Figure, and Tables
23
Exhibit ImA: DOT Hazard Classification System
Class 1-Explosives
Division 1.1-Explosives with a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.2-Explosives with a projection hazard
Division 1.3-Explosives with predominantly a fire hazard
Division 1.4-Explosives with no significant blast hazard
Division 1.5-Very insensitive explosives with a mass explosion hazard
Division 1.6-Extremely insensitive articles
Class 2-Gases
Division 2.1-Flammable gases
Division 2.2-Nonflammable,nontoxic*gases
Division 2.3-Toxic"gases
Class 3-Flammable Liquids(and Combustible Liquids[U.S.])
Class 4-Flammable Solids; Spontaneously Combustible Materials;and Dangerous when
Wet MaterialslWater-reactive Substances
Division 4.1-Flammable solids
Division 4.2-Spontaneously combustible materials
Division 4.3-Water-reactive substances/Dangerous when wet materials
Class 5-Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides
Division 5.1-Oxidizing substances
Division 5.2-Organic peroxides
Class 6-Toxic*and Infectious Substances
Division 6.1-Toxic*substances
Division 6.2-Infectious substances
Class 7-Radioactive Materials
Class 8-Corrosive Substances
Class 9-Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials/Products,Substances,or Organisms
The words"poison"or"poisonous"are synonymous with the word"toxic"
Source: US Dept. of Transportation Emergency Response Guide(DOT,2004)URL:
httq://hazmat.dot.govlpubs/erq/gvdebook.htm
24
Exhibit 1=13: DOT Placarding Tables
DOT Table I (Placard any quantity)
..............
.............
Placard name
:.Hazard class or division
.................................... ............ ---------------------------------------------------------------
X, X
........................................... ...... ............ .. ...
...... .................. ..............
1.2 Explosives 1.2
..............................I.................................................................................................%.................................................
.........
..........
................
.................
... .....
........... .............
:!Poison Gas
2.3
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
............................
.............
.............
... .......a
...................................... ......
.............
...............
. ........
. . ............. ......
............. ................................. .......
.......... . .......................................... ............
.............�;........................
.. . ............................................I.I
..........
..................I............
..........:...............I .......
...........................................................
. ........ ........................ .................. . ..............
.............
.. ............ ......................... ........
.......... .......... ...................
............... . ..................
....... ..
:,5.2(Organic peroxide,Type B,liquid or.Organic Peroxide
::solid,temperature controlled)
... ........................................................................ ........
............................................................................... ......
---------- ---- ----------------- ------------- ------------------------------ -------------
XA
NSIZ11
..........
001 fib al
1 HN 0 N . 10 wn
.........
........................ -------------
Radioactive
7(Radioactive Yellow III label only)
.................... ---------- .........................................................................
......................... ... ........I......................... ...........
.................................................................-........................................................ .................-........................I.........................................
DOT Table 2(Placard 1,001 Lbs or more)
........... ..................................1................................ ............................ ........................................................ ...........................................
Mazard class or division Placard name
......... I,.....
Explosives 1.5
.1.5
--------------- . ..................................................................................................................... ........... ............................................................................
...........
................. ........... ....................
1:2.1 Flammable Gas
............................... .......... .......... .........
-------------------
'X,-:1.
......... ........... ................. ........
..........
---------------- -------------------------------------------------....... -------------------------------------------*,---,-..-.-............-................,..,.,.,.................-................-.....
33 Flammable
............. ......... ...... .......... ...... .. ........
----------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------
........... ....................
-----------------------
:-.4.1 I.Flammable Solid
------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
............
................
W.2
g.........
...... ....... ......
AM-0 NAAR. A
::5.1 .!Oxidizer
...................... .......................................... ............................................ ......................
----------------- ................................. ............. .......
...............
p..........................
.............
....... .......I.
1:..IN ...........
............... ------ ------- ------------------------------- ..............................
.6.1 (Other than inhalation hazard,Zone A or B) Poison
......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ......
-----------------------------------------------
.. .....
.................... ..............
. ............. ......
-:8 Corrosive
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
XX:X
...............
................. ..................
.:ORM-D (None)
--------------
Source: DOT Chart 12: Hazardous Materials Marking,Labeling, and Placarding Guide,
U.S. Deptartinent of Transportation
0 9
(hftp://hazmat.dot.gov/training/r)ubtrain/pubforsa.htm)
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Table 1A: Fall and Summer Survey Days, Times, and Locations
Fall 2004 survey days, times and locations
Monday through Friday
Hwy 680 Walnut Creek am each of the 5 days
Hwy 80 Carquinez bride am each of the 5 days
Hwy 4 Pittsburg/Bay Point BART am each of the 5 days
*AM observation hours: either 7:00 am— 11:00 am or 8:00 am -12:00 noon.
Summer 2005 survey days, times and locations
Monday Wednesd Friday
Hwy 680 Walnut Creek am* + prn am + prn am + prn
Hwy 80 Carquinez bridge am + prn am + pm am + pm
Hwy 4 Pittsburg/Bay Point BART am am am
Hwy 4 Oakley intersection No survey am am
Hwy 160 Antioch bridge No survey am am
Hwy 580 Livermore am am am
Hwy 580 Richmond bridge am am am
*All AM observation hours: 8:00 am— 12:00 noon
**All PM observation hours: 1:00—5:00 pm
Table 113: Truck SurveyHours of Observation by Location
Fall Summer 1
2004 2005 TOTAL
Location Hours Hours Hours
Highway 680 Walnut 20 24 44
Creek truck scales
Highway 80 Carquinez 20 24 44
bridge
Highway 4 - 20 12 32
Pittsburg/BayPt BART
Highway 4 - 0 8 8
Bridgehead at Main
Highway 580 Livermore 0 12 12
truck scales
Highway 580 Richmond / 0 12 12
San Rafael bridge
Highway 160 0 8 8
Antioch bridge I I I
Total hours of observation 160
Each hour includes both directions of traffic per highway.
27
Table 2: Truck Types Carrying Hazardous Materials
Fall 2004 and Summer 2005 Surveys
Type Number Percent
Tanker 21803 77
Box 358 10
Other 441 12
Multiple large tanks per
vehicle 281 0.8
Total 3,630 '100
(For an additional 34 vehicles, truck type was not identified.)
..........
• � x
........
Example of"tanker" type
Example of"box"type
..f
f. ..i.. ..... ample of"other" type
p
------- Example of multiple large tanks"type
28
Table 3: Identification of UN numbers and Placards in Truck Survey'
Complete ID Partial ID Missin ID
number I (%) number I (%) number (%) Total
UN numbers 3,196 (99) 21 (<1) 9 <1 3,226
Placards 800 (97) 6 (1) 18 (2) 824
Total lDs 3,996 (99) 271 ( 27 (<1) 4,050
Includes all data from both fall 2004 and summer 2005 surveys
29
Table 4: All UN Numbers Recorded from Hazardous Material Trucks during Entire
Survey*
UN Material Frequency Percent
number
1203 Gasoline 1,094 33.92
3257 Elevated temp. liquid,nos 336 10.42
1075 Liquified petroleum gas,e.g., propane, butane, 274 8.50
1993 Combustible liquid, nos 256 7.94
2448 Sulfur, molten 189 5.86
1791 Hypochlorite solution 116 3.60
2187 Carbon dioxide, refrig liquid 104 3.22
1977 Nitrogen, refrig. liquid 100 3.10
1824 Sodium hydroxide solution 97 3.01
3264 Corrosive liquid,acidic, inorganic nos 58 1.80
1073 Oxygen, refrig. liquid 55 1.71
1987 Alcohols, nos 40 1.24
1830 Sulfuric acid 35 1.09
3082 Environ. hazardous liquid or haz.waste, liquid nos 32 0.99
1263 Paint/related material 26 0.81
1951 Argon, refrig. liquid 25 0.78
2672 Ammonia/ammonium hydroxide solution 25 0.78
2693 Bisulfites,aqueous solution 23 0.71
1789 Hydrochloric acid 21 0.65
1863 Fuel, aviation 21 0.65
No ID (UN number not identified) 20 0.62
3077 Environ. hazardous solid or haz.waste,solid, nos 15 0.47
1760 Corrosive liquid, nos 14 0.43
2582 Ferric chloride solution 11 0.34
1017 Chlorine 10 0.31
3266 Corrosive liquid, basic, inorganic nos 10 0.31
1005 Ammonia,anhydrous 9 0.28
1049 Hydrogen 9 0.28
1805 Phosphoric acid 8 0.25
2031 Nitric acid 8 0.25
2796 Battery fluid,sulfuric acid 8 0.25
1046 Helium 7 0.22
1866 Resin solution 7 0.22
2426 Ammonium nitrate, hot concentrated solution 7 0.22
3267 Corrosive liquid, basic, organic, nos 7 0.22
partial ID ("corrosive"placard) 7 0.22
1090 Acetone 6 0.19
30
2014 Hydrogen peroxide, aqueous solution (20-60%) 6 0.19
1701 Xylyl bromide 5 0.16
1778 Fluorosilicic acid 5 0.16
2209 Formaldehyde solutions 5 0.16
2683 Ammonium sulfide solution 5 0.16
2191 Sulfuryl fluoride 4 0.12
2348 Butyl acrylate(s) 4 0.12
3065 Alcoholic beverages 4 0.12
1030 Difluoroethane 3 0.09
1079 Sulfur dioxide 3 0.09
1170 Ethanol 3 0.09
1219 Isopropanol 3 0.09
1287 Rubber solution 3 0.09
1814 Caustic potash/potassium hydroxide solution 3 0.09
3265 Corrosive liquid,acidic, organic, nos 3 0.09
1172 Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate 2 0.06
1230 Methanol 2 0.06
1267 Petroleum crude oil 2 0.06
1268 Petroleum distillates/products, nos 2 0.06
1270 Petroleum oil 2 0.06
1276 n-Propyl acetate 2 0.06
1307 Xylenes 2 0.06
1328 Hexamethylenetetramine 2 0.06
1719 Caustic alkali liquid, nos 2 0.06
1731 Antimony pentachloride, solution 2 0.06
1790 Hydrofluoric acid 2 0.06
1942 Ammonium nitrate 2 0.06
1972 Liquified natural gas or methane, refrig. liquid 2 0.06
1999 Asphalt or liquid tars 2 0.06
3109 Organic peroxide type F, liquid 2 0.06
3190 Self-heating solid, inorganic, nos 2 0.06
partial ID ("miscellaneous"placard) 2 0.06
1072 Oxygen 1 0.03
1193 Methyl ethyl ketone 1 0.03
1197 Extracts,flavoring, liquid 1 0.03
1202 Fuel oil,e.g,diesel 1 0.03
1234 Methylal 1 0.03
1264 Paraldehyde 1 0.03
1294 Toluene 1 0.03
1325 Flammable solid, nos 1 0.03
31
1648 Acetonitrile 1 0.03
1708 Toluidines 1 0.03
1741 Boron trichloride 1 0.03
1759 Corrosive solid, nos 1 0.03
1803 Phenolsulfonic acid, liquid 1 0.03
1831 Sulfuric acid,fuming 1 0.03
1832 Sulfuric acid, spent 1 0.03
1886 benzylidene chloride 1 0.03
1906 Acid sludge 1 0.03
1907 Soda lime 1 0.03
1908 Chlorite solution 1 0.03
1966 Hydrogen, refrig. liquid 1 0.03
1978 Propane 1 0.03
1992 Flammable liquid,toxic, nos 1 0.03
2055 Styrene monomer, stabilized 1 0.03
2078 Toluene diisocyanate 1 0.03
2201 Nitrous oxide, refrig liquid 1 0.03
2272 n-Ethylaniline 1 0.03
2315 Polychlorinated biphenyls 1 0.03
2491 Ethanolamine 1 0.03
2502 Valeryl chloride 1 0.03
2505 Ammonium fluoride 1 0.03
2734 Alkyl/poly/amines, liquid, corrosive,flammable 1 0.03
2794 Batteries,wet,filled with acid 1 0.03
2795 Batteries,wet,filled with alkali 1 0.03
2810 Poisonous/toxic liquid 1 0.03
2862 Vanadium pentoxide 1 0.03
2922 Corrosive liquid,toxic or sodium hydrosulfide 0.03
solution
2924 Flammable liquid corrosive, nos 1 0.03
3095 Corrosive solid, self-heating, nos 1 0.03
3139 Oxidizing liquid, nos 1 0.03
3291 Medical waste, nos 1 0.03
3295 Hydrocarbons, liquid, nos 1 0.03
partial ID ("flammable"placard) 1 0.03
*All survey locations, all times
nos- not otherwise specified
Frequency is for LIN numbers (bulk loads), rather than trucks. (Some trucks carry more
than one load/UN number.)
32
Table 5: Comparison of Most Common UN numbers from Fall 2004 and Summer
2005 Truck Surveys*
UN Fall Summer
Hazardous Material number 2004 2005
Gasoline 1203 35% 27%'�*
Hot liquid 3257 12% 15%
Liquified petroleum
gasu..-.Ch 1075 6% 10%
Molten sulfur 2448 7% 5%
Combustible liquid
nos (diesel)____ 1993 8% 1 5%
Hypochorite solution 1791 2% 4%
Carbon dioxide,
refrigerated liquid 2187 2% 4%
Sodium hydroxide 1824 3% 4%
Nitrogen,
refrigerated liquid 1977 3% 4%
Acidic corrosive
liquid, inorganic, nos 3264 2% 2%
Oxygen, refrigerated
liquid 1-073 2% 2%
total 84% 82%
*Same counting locations (Figure 1 locations 3-5: Hwy 680, Hwy 80, Hwy 4 BART), day of the
week (Monday, Wednesday, Thursday)and hours (8:00-1 1:00am)
**Statistically significant difference between fall and summer truck frequencies for this chemical
(p=0.0215, Chi square test for difference)
nos = not otherwise specified
33
Table 6: Frequency of Hazardous Material Worded Placards*for
All Trucks Counted in Fall 2004 and Summer 2005 Surveys
Hazard
division
Hazard Type number Frequency Percent
Flammable/Combustible
gases 2.1 90 11
liquids -3 114 14
solids 4.1, 4.2 4 1
partial identification 17 2
Inhalation Hazard
gases, poisons 2.396.1 29 4
Poison (except inhalation)
toxic or infectious materials 6, 6.2 19 2
Oxidizer
oxidizing substances 5.1 31 4
organic peroxides 5.2 9 1
Nonflammable gases
oxygen 2.2 23 3
other nonflammable gases 2.2 216 27
Other hazardous materials
explosives 1.4 1 0
dangerous when wet 4.3 7 1
radioactive 7 2 0
corrosive 8 159 20
miscellaneous 9 9 1
dangerous" D 52 7
Missing identification 18 2
TOTAL 800 100
*Worded placards signify smaller loads than placards with a UN number.
**A vehicle containing nonbulk packaging with two or more types of
hazardous materials may use one "dangerous" placard if each
material load weighs less than 2,205 lbs.
34
Table 7: Hazardous Materials Trucks per Hour by Location (Mornings)
Average
Trucks per
Location Hour
Highway 680 Walnut Creek (Treat Blvd)weigh station 33
Highway 580 Livermore weigh station 32
Highway 4 - Piftsburg/Bay Point BART 25
Highway 80 Carquinez toll bridge plaza 23
Highway 580 Richmond/San Rafael toll bridge plaza 19
Highway 4 - Bridgehead at Main St. 12
Highway 160 Antioch bridge toll bridge plaza 8
* Data include all trucks counted in morning surveys (four-hour blocks);
Monday-Friday (Fall, 2004), Monday/Wednesday/Thursday (Summer, 2005)
35
Table 8: Hazardous Materials Truck Counts by Day of Week and Location
(Mornings)
Table A: Fall 2004
Hwy 680
Walnut Hwy 80 Hwy 4
Weekday Creek Carquinez BART
Monday 139 67 95
Tuesday 137 70 89
Wednesday 131 92 91
Thursday 103 104 103
Friday135 58 87
.Average 129 78 93
Table B: Summer.2005
Hwy 580
Hwy 4 Richmond
Hwy 680 Bridgehead San
Walnut Hwy 80 Hwy 4 & Main St. Rafael Hwy 580 Hwy 160
Weekday Creek Carquinez BART intersection bridge Livermore Antioch
Monday 110 73 116 -- 70 117 --
Wednesday 149 74 114 49 . 76 127 32
Thursday 144 64 104 43 83 134 28
1 Average 134 70 1 111 1 46 1 76 126 30
--" No truck surveys conducted on Mondays at these locations.
36
Table 9: Hazardous Materials Trucks per Hour- Mornings vs. Afternoons at Two
Locations (Summer Survey)*
Hwy 680 Walnut Creek Hwy 80 Carquinez bridge
trucks trucks/hr trucks trucks/hr
AM 403 34 211 18
PM 311 26 145 12
*Afternoon surveys were done only in the summer survey, at the Hwy 680 Walnut Creek
weigh station and Hwy 80 Carquinez toll bridge plaza.
Note: Data was collected in four-hour blocks in both morning and afternoon, three survey
days each (Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday), in July/August, 2005.
Table 10: Hazardous Materials Trucks per Hour—Fall 2004 vs. Summer 2005
(Mornin s at the Same Locations and Times)*
Hwy 680 WC Hwy 80 Carquinez Hwy 4 BART
Trucks Trucks/Hr Trucks Trucks/Hr Trucks Trucks/Hr
Fall 2004 292 24 198 17 226 19
Summer
2005 296 25 157 13 245 20
* Data in this table include trucks counted Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday from
8 am — 11 am at each location in both 2004 and 2005
Hwy 680 WC: Location 3 (Fig.1), Walnut Creek weigh station/Treat Blvd exit
Hwy 80 Carquinez: Location 4 (Fig. 1), Carquinez toll bridge plaza
Hwy 4 BART: Location 5 (Fig. 1), Pittsburgh/Bay Point BART station
37
Table 11: Trucked Hazardous Material Loads with a UN Number- Grouped by
Emergency Response Guide Number
ERG
OYO UN Loads,Number ERG Description
54.0 128 Flammable Liquids(Nonpolar/Water-immiscible)
11.8 154 Substances-Toxic and/or Corrosive(Noncombustible)
9.0 115 Gases-Flammable(Including Refrigerated Liquids)
7.1 120 Gases- Inert(including Refrigerated Liquids)
6.0 133 Flammable Solids
2.1 127 Flammable Liquids(Polar/Water-Miscible)
1.8 122 Gases-Oxidizing(including Refrigerated Liquids)
1.5 171 Substances(Low to Moderate Hazard)
1.3 157 Substances-Toxic and/or Corrosive(Noncombustible/Water-Sensitive)
1.1 137 Substances-Water-Reactive-Corrosive
0.9 n/a UN Number Not Identified
0.5 140 Oxidizers
0.5 153 Substances-Toxic and/or Corrosive(Combustible)
0.4 125 Gases-Corrosive
0.4 132 Flammable Liquids-Corrosive
0.3 124 Gases-Toxic and/or Corrosive-Oxidizing
0.2 129 Flammable Liquids(Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)
0.2 121 Gases-Inert
0.2 130 Flammable Liquids(Nonpolar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)
0.2 152 Substances-Toxic(Combustible)
0.1 123 Gases-Toxic and/or Corrosive
0.1 130P 130 Material May Undergo Violent Polymerization via Heat or Contamination
0.1 131 Flammable Liquids-Toxic
0.1 135 Substances-Spontaneously Combustible
0.1 145 Organic Peroxides(Heat and Contamination Sensitive)
0.1 156 Substances-Toxic and/or Corrosive(Combustible/Water-Sensitive)
0.03 136 Substances-Spontaneously Combustible-Toxic and/or Corrosive(Air-
Reactive)
0.03 151 Substances-Toxic(Noncombustible)
0.03 158 Infectious Substances
0.03 128P 128 Material May Undergo Violent Polymerization via Heat or Contamination
"% UN Loads":The percentage of trucked loads carrying a UN number, i.e., bulk loads
ERG Number:2004 Emergency Response Guidebook response categories(DOT,2004)
38
Table 12: "Toxic by Inhalation" (TIH) Trucked Materials
Total
Loads UN # TIH Materials
10 1017 ' Chlorine
9 1005 Ammonia, anhydrous
4 2191 Sulfuryl fluoride
3 1079 Sulfur dioxide
1 1741 Boron trichloride
1 1831 Sulfuric acid, fuming
1 2810 Poisonous/Toxic liquid
"Toxic by Inhalation (TIH)"-2004 Emergency Response
Guidebook (DOT, 2004)
39
Table 13: Reaction Potential* of Hazardous Materials Transported on the Same
Truck (Observed in Survey)
1. Chlorine+ Sulfur dioxide -). Explosion, Fire
2. Chlorine+ Sulfur dioxide + Hypochlorite solution ---+ Explosion, Fire
3. Corrosive liquid (1760) + Organic Peroxide type F liquid -+ Explosion, Fire
4. Fluorosilicic acid + Hypochlorite solution --). Fire
5. (Hydrochloric, Phosphoric or Sulfuric Acid)+Sodium hydroxide solution --> Fire
6. Hydrochloric acid + (Batteries,wet,filled with alkali or Sodium hydroxide solution)-+ Fire
7. (Hydrochloric, Phenolsulfonic or Sulfuric acid) + Sodium hydroxide solution --.), Fire
8. Hydrochloric acid + (Corrosive liquid, basic, inorganic or Hydrogen peroxide solution)--+ Fire
9. Hypochlorite solution + Chlorine--,* Fire, Explosion
10. Hypochlorite solution + Hydrochloric acid --> Fire
11. Sodium hydroxide solution + (Phosphoric acid or Battery fluid, sulfuric acid)-> Fire
12. Sodium hydroxide solution + Phosphoric acid --+ Fire
13. Sodium hydroxide solution + Corrosive liquid, acid, inorganic--o- Fire
14. Sodium hydroxide sol'n + (Corrosive liquid, acid, inorganic or Battery fluid, sulfuric acid)--> Fire
15. (Sodium hydroxide sol'n or Caustic potash)+ (Battery fluid, sulfuric acid or Sulfuric acid) Fire
16. (Sulfuric or Hydrochloric acid)+ Caustic potash, liquid --* Fire
17. (Sulfuric or Hydrochloric acid)+Sodium hydroxide solution -,* Fire
18. (Sulfuric or Battery fluid, sulfuric acid) + Sodium hydroxide solution ---* Fire
19. (Battery fluid, sulfuric acid, Sulfuric, or Nitric acid)+ Sodium hydroxide solution -). Fire
20. (Battery fluid, sulfuric acid or Phosphoric acid)+ Sodium Hydroxide solution -+ Fire
*Reaction potential determined from the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration "Chemical
reactivity worksheet" (http://res
-ponse restoration.noaa.aov/chemaids/react.html)
40
Rail Data Figures and Tables
41
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d 3 6 g
2M2 L kd Petr .w G 2�9w. 14 X31?
r •# Q tsr=. saets #. .. .tkXJ
Miles ,�.. �
44111 Freign FormMer c,9i1,a 11.T9Ei,Si3
45111 JRM 1 l~O 111•,00 1,207,7M
43
Table 14: Hazardous Materials by STCC number--Maximum Loads - an y Contra Costa
Rail Segment
Max Max
STCC## Description Loads STCC## Description Loads
4950130 FAK-HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 10773 4910102 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 72
4905752 PETROLEUM GASES,LIQUEFIED 5539 4901110 CARTRIDGES FOR WEAPONS 71
4950150 FAK-HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 3797 4907270 VINYL ACETATE,STABILIZED 68
4909152 ALCOHOLS,N.O.S. 2956 4935605 2-(2-AMINOETHOXY)ETHANOL 67
4930040 SULFURIC ACID 2329 4932376 BISULFITES,AQ.SOL'N,N.O.S. 66
4901807 CARTRIDGES FOR WEAPONS 1570 4914251 PAINT 65
4920523 CHLORINE 850 4908177 GASOLINE 61
4905423 BUTANE 794 4936653 CORROSIVE LIQUIDS,N.O.S. 59
4961605 ELEVATED TEMP.LIQUID-N.O.S. 790 4910535 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS,N.O.S. 57
4901271 PROJECTILES 747 4905417 LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS 53
4935240 SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION 701 4930248 PHOSPHORIC ACID LIQUID
52
4905421 PROPANE 663 4914256 PETROLEUM DISTILLATES-N.O.S. 49
4930228 HYDROCHLORIC ACID 634 4936556 BATTERIES,WET,FILLED WITH ACID 49
4904509 CARBON DIOXIDE-REFRIG.LIQUID 347 4909184 PICOLINES 46
4909230 METHANOL 345 4921598 PHENOL,MOLTEN 46
4909105 ETHYLALCOHOL 322 4918335 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE,STABILIZED 45
4930042 SULFURIC ACID-SPENT 307 4912296 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-N.O.S. 44
4932342 FERRIC CHLORIDE,SOLUTION 263 4930026 FLUOROSILICIC ACID 44
4902423 CHARGES,PROPELLING,FOR CANNON 208 4930039 SULFURIC ACID 42
4907265 STYRENE MONOMER-INHIBITED 183 4950110 FAK-HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 42
4912215 BUTYL ACRYLATES,STABILIZED 177 4902530 ROCKET MOTORS 41
4901223 BOMBS 174 4909205 ISOPROPANOL 40
4904210 AMMONIA-ANHYDROUS 173 4930223 NITRIC ACID 40
4960107 ENV.HAZ.SUBSTANCES-SOLID-N.O.S. 171 4950168 MIXED LOADS MILTARY IMPEDIMENTA 40
4907250 METHYL METHACRYLATE,STABIL. 156 4902147 AMMUNITION,ILLUMINATING 38
4810560 WASTE FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS,N.O.S. 145 4907219 DICYCLOPENTADIENE 36
4901174 ROCKETS 132 4909363 ALCOHOLS-N.O.S. 36
4807419 WASTE FLAMMABLE LIQ.,TOXIC,N.O.S 120 4915473 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID-N.O.S. 36
4908255 PENTANES 117 4921056 PESTICIDES,LIQUID,TOXIC,FLAM. 35
4930247 PHOSPHORIC ACID,LIQUID 116 4930024 HYDROGEN FLUORIDE,ANHYDROUS 34
4905430 ISOBUTANE 114 4910256 PETROLEUM DISTILLATES,N.Q.S. 33
4905704 BUTADIENES,STABILIZED 112 4920508 SULFUR DIOXIDE 33
4909381 METHANOL 98 4916408 CALCIUM CARBIDE 30
4909159 ETHYL ALCOHOL 97 4936545 CORROSIVE SOLIDS,N.O.S. 29
4905424 BUTANE 96 4915389 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID,N.O.S. 27
4904503 ARGON-REFRIGERATED LIQUID 94 4932329 FERROUS CHLORIDE,SOLUTION 27
4931461 CORROSIVE SOLID,ACIDIC,INORG. 90 4935601 AMINES,LIQUID,CORROSIVE,N.O.S. 27
4901560 CHARGES,DEMOLITION 87 4860132 HAZARDOUS WASTE,LIQUID,N.O.S. 24
4908105 ACETONE 86 4915185 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID,N.O.S. 24
4960148 ELEVATED TEMP.LIQUID-N.O.S. 81 4920518 METHYL BROMIDE 24
4935230 POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE SOL'N 75 4908290 TETRAHYDROFURAN 23
44
Table 14, continued
Max Max
STCC# Description Loads STCC# Description Loads
4921414 CHLOROPICRIN 23 4912298 PETROLEUM DISTILLATES,N.O.S. 12
4906420 ACRYLONITRILE-INHIBITED 22 4918775 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE,AQ.SOL'N 12
4903170 CARTRIDGES FOR WEAPONS 21 4925123 ACRYLAMIDE 12
4921575 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE 21 4935258 CORROSIVE LIQUID,BASIC,INORGANIC, 12
4909179 PICOLINES 20 4935665 ETHANOLAMINE 12
4918311 AMMONIUM NITRATE 20 4941144 POLYMERIC BEADS,EXPANDABLE 12
4901801 AMMUNITION,ILLUMINATING 19 4961166 ENGINES,INTERNAL COMBUSTION 12
4908183 HEXANES 19 4901319 CHARGES,PROPELLING,FOR CANNON 11
4936540 CORROSIVE LIQUIDS,N.O.S. 19 4909382 PETROLEUM DISTILLATES-N.O.S. 11
4901833 FUSES,DETONATING 18 4835240 WASTE SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION 10
4905428 BUTYLENE 18 4914108 COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID,N.O.S. 10
4918761 OXIDIZING SOLID,N.O.S. 18 4931303 ACETIC ACID SOLUTION 10
4905753 ISOBUTANE 17
4910240 ETHANOL 17
4907829 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS,CORROSIVE,
N.O.S 16
4908178 GASOLINE(AVIATION GASOLINE,
LEADED 16
4909380 METHANOL 16
4912604 ADHESIVES 16
4961102 FUMIGATED UNIT 16
4966109 OTHER REGULATED SUBSTANCE,
LIQUID 16
4908285 TETRAHYDROFURAN 15
4902132 AMMUNITION,SMOKE 14
4903520 FIREWORKS 14
4909255 DICHLOROPROPENES 14
4904318 PENTAFLUOROETHANE 13
4909243 ETHYL METHYL KETONE 13
4910185 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS,N.O.S. 13
4999999 MATERIAL NOT CLASSIFIABLE 13
4901811 CARTRIDGES FOR WEAPONS 12
4905784 PROPYLENE 12
4909219 FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS,N.O.S. 12
STCC—Standard Transportation Commodity Code(specific to rail transportation)
"Max loads"—The maximum number of loads for each material (each STCC code)carried on any one rail segment
in Contra Costa County over a 12 month period (2004-2005). Note: This method avoids duplicate counting of loads
carried from one rail segment to the other(a common occurrence)but probably underestimates the total number of
loads transported in the county in a year.
"N.O.S."—not otherwise specified.
Note: Material descriptions were provided by the railroads as the `one-liners' shown above. In some
cases worded descriptions are the same although the STCC codes are different. These are different types
of the generic material(s) that could not be described on one text line. More information on STCC codes
is available at URL: https://www.steelroads.com/index.jsp (click on"product codes").
45
Table 15: Rail Hazardous Materials by Emergency Response Guide Number
%Max. Loads ERG# ERG Descri tion
37 111 Mixed Load/Unidentified Cargo
19 115 Gases-Flammable(including Refrigerated Liquids)
g 127 Flammable Liquids(Polar/Water-Miscible)
8 112 Explosives(other than Division 1.4;Class C)
7 137 Substances-Water-Reactive-Corrosive
5 154 Substances-Toxic and/or Corrosive(Noncombustible)
4 128 Flammable Liquids(Non-Polar/Water-Immiscible)
2 124 Gases-Toxic and/or Corrosive-Oxidizing
2 157 Substances-Toxic and/or Corrosive(Noncombustible/Water-Sensitive)
2 131 Flammable Liquids-Toxic
1 120 Gases-Inert(including Refrigerated Liquids)
1 171 Substances(Low to Moderate Hazard)
1 125 Gases-Corrosive
1 129P 129 material may undergo violent polymerization via heat or contamination
0.5 130P 130 material may undergo violent polymerization via heat or contamination
0.5 128P 128 material may undergo violent polymerization via heat or contamination
0.3 129 Flammable Liquids(Polar/Water-Miscible/Noxious)
0.3 116P 116 material may undergo violent polymerization via heat or contamination
0.2 153 Substances-Toxic and/or Corrosive(Combustible)
0.2 114 Explosives-Division 1.4;Class C
0.2 140 Oxidizers
0.1 130 Flammable Liquids(Nonpolar/Water-Immiscible/Noxious)
0.1 143 Oxidizers(Unstable)
0.1 132 Flammable Liquids-Corrosive
0.1 138 Substances-Water-Reactive(emitting Flammable Gases)
0.1 123 Gases-Toxic and/or Corrosive
0.1 126 Gases-Compressed or Liquified(including Refrigerant Gases)
0.1 131 P 131 material may undergo violent polymerization via heat or contamination
0.1 156 Substances-Toxic and/or Corrosive(Combustible/Watev-Sensitive)
0.05 153P 153 material may undergo violent polymerization via heat or contamination
0.04 133 Flammable Solids
0.02 160 Halogenated Solvents
0.01 139 Substances-Water-Reactive(emitting Flammable and Toxic Gases)
0.003 135 Substances-Spontaneously Combustible
0.003 145 Organic Peroxides(Heat and Contamination Sensitive)
0.003 119P Gases-Toxic-Flammable-may undergo violent polymerization via heat or contamination
0.003 132P Flammable Liquids—Corrosive;material may undergo violent polymerization via heat or contamination
"Percentage of Max loads":The maximum loads carried on any rail segment over a 12-month period
(2004-2005), grouped by emergency response category,as a percentage of the total.
ERG: 2004 Emergency response guidebook, numbers and descriptions of response categories(DOT,2004).
46
Table 16: "Toxic by Inhalation" Rail Hazardous Materials
Max Loads-
Any Rail
Segment STCC# UN# "TIH"Materials
850 4920523 1017 Chlorine
173 4904210 1005 Ammonia,Anhydrous
34 4930024 1052 Hydrogen Fluoride,Anhydrous
33 4920508 1079 Sulfur Dioxide
24 4920518 1062 Methyl Bromide
23 4921414 1580 Chloropicrin
3 4916323 1295 Trichlorosilane
2 4921405 1595 Dimethyl Sulfate
2 4920369 1955 Liquified Gas,Toxic, N.O.S.
1 4916305 1397 Aluminum Phosphide"
1 4920346 1082 Trifluorochloroethylene, inhibited
1 4921475 2810 Toxic Liquids, Organic, N.O.S.
1 4925275 2810 Toxic Liquids, Organic, N.O.S.
1."Toxic by Inhalation(TIH)"—2004 Emergency Response Guidebook(DOT,2004).
2."Max loads—any rail segment':The maximum number of loads of the material
on any rail segment in Contra Costa County over a 12 month period(2004-2005).
Note:This method avoids duplicate counting of loads carried from one rail segment
to the other(a common occurrence)but probably underestimates the total number
of loads transported in the county in a year.
3. STCC#: Standard Transportation Commodity Code number(railway).
4. UN#: United Nations corresponding four-digit hazardous material number.
5.*Dangerous water-reactive material-produces toxic gas on contact with water
2004 Emergency Response Guidebook(DOT,2004).
6. N.O.S.—"not otherwise specified."
47
Appendix I: Truck Survey Data by Individual Location
48
Location: Hwy 580 East and Westbound Traffic, Richmond/San Rafael Bridge Toll Plaza
Observation Period: Three Mornings in June 2005'
Trucks with a single UN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 173
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 13
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 5
Ferric Chloride solution 2582 4
Sodium Hydroxide solution 1824 4
Hypochlorite solutions 1791 3
Alcohols 1987 2
Nitrogen, refrigerated liquid 1977 2
Carbon dioxide, refrigerated liquid 2187 �
Paint and related products 1263 1
Not identified _____ p
Trucks with Placards or Multiple UN Numbers or a Combination
HazMat Description (UN#or placard type) #Trucks
Flammable liquids (3) 6
Flammable gas (2.1) + Non-flammable gas (2.2) 2
Flammable gas (2.1) + Non-flammable gas (2.2) + Oxygen (2.2) 2
Dangerous (D) 2
Non-flammable gas (2.2) + Oxygen (2.2) 1
Corrosive (8) + Oxidizer (5.1) 1
Inhalation Hazard (2.3) + Poisons (6) 1
Inhalation Hazard (2.3) + Corrosive (8) 1
Non-flammable gas (2.2) 1
Inhalation Hazard (2.3) 1
Oxidizer(5.1) 1
Valeryl Chloride (2502) + Inorganic alkali liquids (3266) + Corrosive (8) 1
+ Oxidizer (5.1)
Chlorine (1017) + Sulfur Dioxide (1079) + Corrosive (8) 1
Average Trucks/Hour
Day of Week
Direction Monday Wednesday Thursday
East 7.75 8 9.75
West 9.75 11 11.00
Combined 17.50 19 20.75
The specific observation period took place 8am-12pm 6/23, 6/27, and 6/29 of 2005.
49
Location: Hwy 160 North and Southbound Traffic at the Antioch Bridge
Observation Period: Two Mornings in July, 20052
Trucks with a Single UN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 14
Molten Sulfur 2448 6
Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1824 5
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 4
Hypochlorite Solutions 1791 4
Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid 1073 4
Inorganic, Acidic Liquids 3264 2
Ammonia Solutions 2672 2
Formic Acid 1789 2
Antimony Pentachloride Solutions 1731 2
Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 2
Asphalt, Tars, Liquid 1999 1
Sulphuric Acid 1830 1
Corrosive Liquids 1760 1
Ammonia; Anhydrous 1005 1
Not identified -'--' 0
Trucks with Placards or Multiple UN Numbers or a Combination
HazMat Description (UN# or placard type) #Trucks
Corrosive (8) 4
Ammonium Nitrate (1942) + Diesel; Combustibles (1993) +
Oxidizing, Alkali Liquids (3139) + Organic, Acidic Liquids (3265) 1
Benzylidene Chloride (1886) + Flammable Liquids (3) + Organic Peroxide (5.2) 1
Flammable Liquids (3) 1
Gas, Not Otherwise Identified (2) 1
Average Trucks/hour
Day of Week
Direction Monday Wednesday Thursday
North X 3.5 3.75
South X 4.5 3.00
Combined X 8.0 6.75
2 The specific observation period took place 8am-12pm 7/6, and 7/7 of 2005.
50
Location: Hwy 4 East and Westbound Traffic at Bridgehead and Main Street Intersection
Observation Period: Two Mornings in July, 20052
Trucks with a Single UN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Molten Sulfur 2448 20
Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 19
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 17
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 14
Inorganic, Acidic Liquids 3264 3
Elevated Temperature Liquid, > 100 C 3257. 2
Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1824 2
Hypochlorite Solutions 1791 2
Xylyl Bromide 1701 2
Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid 1073 2
Argon, Refrigerated Liquid 1951 1
Helium, Helium Compressed 1046 1
Ammonia; Anhydrous 1005 1
Not identified 0
Trucks with Placards or Multiple UN Numbers or a Combination
HazMat Description (UN# or placard type) #Trucks
Poison Inhalation Hazard (6.1)
Flammable/Combustible Liquids (3) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2)
+ Inhalation Hazard (2.3)
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2)
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 1
Corrosive (8) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 1
Hypochlorite Solutions (1791) + Chlorine (1017) 1
Average Trucks/Hour
Day of Week
Direction Monday Wednesday Thursday
East X 6.75 6.00
West X 5.50 4.75
Combined X 12.25 10.75
2 The specific observation period took place Sam-12pm 7/6, and 7/7 of 2005.
51
Location: Hwy 680 North and Southbound Traffic at Treat Blvd Walnut Creek Weigh Station
Observation Period: Three Mornings in July, 20053
Trucks with a Single UN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 97
Elevated Temp Liquid > 100 C 3257 81
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 37
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 16
Hypochlorite Solutions 1791 16
Nitrogen, Refrigerated Liquid 1977 14
Carbon Dioxide, Refrigerated Liquid 2187 14
Molten Sulfur 2448 10
Alcohols 1987 8
Hazardous Waste, Environmental Hazard (Liquid) 3082 7
Ammonia Solutions 2672 6
Inorganic, Acidic Liquids 3264 4
Hydrogen Peroxide 2014 3
Ammonium Nitrate 2426 3
Nitric Acid 2031 2
Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1824 2
Paint And Related Products 1263 2
Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid 1073 2
Ferric Chloride, Solution 2582 1
Formaldehyde Solutions 2209 1
Sulfuryl Fluoride 2191 1
Argon, Refrigerated Liquid 1951 1
Sulfuric Acid 1830 1
Potassium Hydroxide 1814 1
Hydrochloric Acid 1789 1
Fluorosilicic Acid 1778 1
Corrosive Liquids, Not Otherwise Specified 1760 1
Petroleum Distillates Or Products 1268 1
Helium, Helium Compressed 1046 1
Not Identified --ftw 7
3 The specific observation period took place Sam-12pm 7/11, 7/13, and 7/14 of 2005.
52
Trucks with Placards or Multiple UN Numbers or a Combination
HazMat Description (UN# or placard type) #Trucks
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2)And/Or Oxygen (2.2) 16
Corrosive (8) + Corrosive (8), Dangerous (D) 13
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) , 8
Flammable Liquids (3); Flammable Liquids (3) + Dangerous (D) 5
Corrosive (8) + Flammable Liquids (3) 2
Poison Inhalation Hazard (6.1) 1
Inhalation Hazard (2.3) 1
Flammable (Not Further Identified) + Flammable Solid (4.1) 1
Corrosive (8) + Oxidizer(5.1) 1
Poison (6.1) 1
Radioactive (7) 1
Flammable (Not Further Identified) 1
Oxidizer (5.1) 1
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Dangerous (D) 1
Corrosive (8) + Oxygen (2.2) + Poison (6-1) 1
Corrosive (8) + Oxidizer (5.1) + Poison (6.1) 1
Poison Inhalation Hazard (6.1) + Inhalation Hazard (2.3) 1
Hazardous Waste, Environmental Hazard (Liquid) (3082)
+ Inorganic, Acidic Liquids (3264) 1
N-Propyl Acetate (1276) + Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (1172)
+ Petroleum Oil (1270) 1
Environmental Hazard (Solid) (3077) + Corrosive (8) 1
Hydrogen Peroxide (2014) + Corrosive (8) + Oxidizer (5.1) 1
Flammable Liquid (3) + Missed Un Number 1
Sodium Hydroxide (1824) + Missed Un Number 1
Average Trucks/Hour
Day of Week
Direction Monday Wednesday Thursday
North 12.5 16.75 16
South 15.0 20.25 20
Combined 27.5 37.00 36
53
Location: Hwy 680 North and Southbound Traffic at Treat Blvd, Walnut Creek Weigh Station
Observation Period: Three Afternoons in July, 2005"
Trucks with a Single UN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 95
Elevated Temperature Liquid > 100 C 3257 31
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 27
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 23
Carbon-Dioxide, Refrigerated Liquid 2187 14
Nitrogen, Refrigerated Liquid 1977 11
Inorganic, Acidic Liquid 3264 �
Molten Sulfur 2`l4$ 4
Fuel, Aviation, Turbine Engine 1863 4
Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1824 4
Hypochlorite Solutions 1791 4
Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid 1073 3
Alcohols 1987 3
Argon, Refrigerated Liquid 1951 3
Basic, Organic, Liquid 3267 2
Ammonia Solutions 2672 Z
Formic Acid 1789 2
Paint And Related Products 1263 2
Hydrogen, Compressed 1049 2
Ammonium Sulfide Solutions 2683 1
Ferric Chloride, Solution 2582 1
Resin Solution 1866 1
Acetone 1090 1
Chlorine 1017 1
Ammonia; Anhydrous 1005 1
Not Identified --" 1
°The specific observation period took place 1 pm-spm 7/18, 7/20, and 7/21 of 2005.
54
Trucks with Placards or Multiple UN Numbers or a Combination
Hazmat Description (UN# or Placard Type) #Trucks
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 15
Corrosive (8) 7
Flammable Liquid (3) 5
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 5
Corrosive (8) + Dangerous (D) 3
Flammable Gas (2.1.) 3
Dangerous (D) 2
Oxygen (2.2) 2
Oxidizer (5.1) + Corrosive (8) 2
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Inhalation Hazard (2.3) 1
Oxidizer (5.1) 1
Dangerous (D) + Corrosive (8) + Miscellaneous + Toxic (6.1) 1
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Combustible Liquid (3C) 1
Dangerous (D) + Corrosive (8) + Flammable Liquid (3F) 1
Flammable Liquid (3) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Oxygen (2-2) 1
Diesel; Combustibles (1993) + Organic, Basic Liquid (3267)
+ Inorganic, Alkali Liquids (3266) 1
Hypochlorite Solutions (1791) + Chlorine (1017) 1
Methylal (1234) + Methanol (1230) + Acetone (1090) 1
N-Propyl Acetate (1276) + Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether Acetate (1172) +
Petroleum Oil (1270) 1
Organic Flammable Solid (1325) + Paint And Related Products (1263) 1
Environmental Hazard (Solid) (3077) + Dangerous (D) + Corrosive (8)
+ Dangerous When Wet (4.3) 1
Diesel, Combustible (1993) + Flammable Liquid (3) 1
Sodium Hydroxide (1824) + Missed UN Number + Corrosive (8) 1
Ammonium Hydroxide (2672) + Missed UN Number + Corrosive (8) 1
Boron Trichloride (1741) + Missed UN Number 1
Hypochlorite Solution (1791) + Missed UN Number 1
Average Trucks/Hour
Day of Week
Direction Monday Wednesday Thursday
North 13.25 13.50 15.00
South 9.50 12.25 14.25
Combined 22.75 25.75 29.25
55
Location: Hwy 80 East and Westbound Traffic at Carquinez Bridge Toll Plaza
Observation Period: Three Mornings in July, 20055
Trucks with a Single UN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 72
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 18
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 15
Carbon Dioxide, Refrigerated Liquid 2187 11
Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1824 9
Alcohols 1987 8
Elevated Temperature Liquid > 100 C 3257 7
Hazardous Waste, Environmental Hazard (Liq) 3082 4
Paint (Paint, Lacquer, Enamel, Stain, Others) 1263 3
Bisulfites, Aqueous Inorganic 2693 3
Nitrogen, Refrigerated Liquid 1977 3
'Fuel, Aviation, Turbine Engine 1863 3
Ammonium Sulfide Solutions 2683 1
Resin Solution 1866 1
Organic, Acidic Liquid 3265 1
Environmental Hazard (Solid) 3077 1
Molten Sulfur 2448 1
Hypochlorite Solutions 1791 1
Toluene 1294 1
Isopropanol 1219 1
Fuel/Gas/Heating Oil 1202 1
Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid 1073 1
Hydrogen, Compressed 1049 1
Ammonia, Anhydrous 1005 1
Not Identified so 3
The specific observation period took place Sam-12pm 7/25, 7/27, and 7/28 of 2005.
56
-M N
Trucks with Placards or Multiple UN Numbers or a Combination
Hazmat Description (UN# or Placard Type) #Trucks
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 8
Corrosive (8); Corrosive (8) + Dangerous (D) 7
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 5
Corrosive (8) + Flammable/Combustible Liquid (3), (3) 3
Flammable Gas (2-1) + Oxygen (2.2) 2
Corrosive (8) + Oxidizer (5.1) 2
Flammable Liquid (3) 1
Poison (6.1) 1
Flammable Gas (2.1) 1
Dangerous (D) 1
Hypochlorite Solutions (1791) + Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) 1
Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) + Inorganic, Acidic Liquid (3264) 1
Hydrochloric Acid (1789) + Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) +
Phenolsulphonic Acid (1803) + Sulfuric Acid (1830) 1
Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) +Potassium Hydroxide (1814) +
Battery Fluid Acid (2796) + Sulfuric Acid (1830) 1
Hypochlorite Solutions (1791) + Hydrochloric Acid (1789) 1
Hydrochloric Acid (1789) + Wet Batteries Filled With Alkali (2795) 1
+ Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824)
Resin Solution (1866) + Organic Peroxide (5.2) 1
Isopropanol (1219) + Flammable Liquid (3) 1
Environmental Hazard (Solid) (3077) + Flammable Liquid (3) 1
Paint/Related Material (1263) + Flammable Liquid (3) 1
Paint/Related Material (1263) + Flammable Liquid (3) + Missed UN Number 1
Average Trucks/Hour
Day of Week
Direction Monday Wednesday Thursday
East 8.50 9.25 6.75
West 9.75 9.25 6.50
Combined 18.25 18.50 13.25
57
40
Location: Hwy 80 East and Westbound Traffic at Carquinez Bridge Toll Plaza
Observation Period: Three Afternoons in August 20056
Trucks with a Single UN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 60
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 10
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 10
Carbon Dioxide, Refrigerated Liquid 2187 7
Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1824 5
Bisulfites, Aqueous Inorganic 2693 3
Hazardous Waste, Environmental Hazard (Liquid) 3082 2
Alcohols 1987 2
Fuel, Aviation, Turbine Engine 1863 2
Hypochlorite Solutions 1791 2
Elevated Temperature Liquid > 100 C 3257' 1
Ethanolamine Solutions 2491 1
Flammable Liquids, Toxic, N.O.S. 1992 1
Nitrogen, Refrigerated Liquid 1977 1
Sulfuric Acid 1830 1
Phosphoric Acid Liquid Or Solid 1805 1
Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid 1073 1
Hydrogen, Compressed 1049 1
Ammonia; Anhydrous 1005 1
Not Identified 0
6 The specific observation period took place 1-spm 8/1, 8/3, and 8/4 of 2005,
58
Trucks with Placards or Multiple UN Numbers or a Combination
Hazmat Description (UN#or Placard Type) #Trucks
Flammable/Combustible Liquids (3) 5
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 5
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Flammable Gas (2.1) 3
Corrosives (8) g
Dangerous (D) 2
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Inhalation Hazard (2.3) 2
Poison, Inhalation Hazard (6.1) 2
Flammable Liquids (3) + Corrosive (8) 1
Flammable Liquid (3) + Dangerous When Wet (4.3) 1
Corrosive (8) + Oxidizer (5.1) 1
Corrosive (8) + Organic Peroxide (5.2) 1
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Inhalation Hazard (2.3) 1
+ Dangerous When Wet (4.3) + Spontaneously Combustible (4.2)
Formic Acid (1789) + Inorganic, Basic Liquids (3266) + Hydrogen Peroxide
(2014) 1
Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) + Inorganic, Acidic Liquid (3264) 1
Sulfuric Acid (1830) + Battery Fluid Acid (2796) + Sodium Hydroxide
Solution (1824) 1
Paint And Related Products (1263) + Xylenes (1307) + Diesel; Combustibles
(1993) 1
Diesel; Combustibles (1993) + Xylenes (1307) + Acetone (1090)
+ Flammable Liquid (3) 1
Hydrogen Peroxide (2014) + Organic, Basic Liquids (3267)
+ Inorganic, Basic Liquids (3266) 1
Average Trucks/Hour
Day of Week
Direction Monday Wednesday Thursday
East 6.50 9.00 5.75
West 3.25 5.75 6.00
Combined 9.75 14.75 11.75
59
Location: Hwy 4— Pittsburg/Bay Point Bart Station, Second Story, Observation Deck
Observation Period: East and Westbound Traffic; Three Mornings in August 2005 7
Trucks with a Single UN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 67
Elevated Temperature Liquid > 100 C 3257 46
Molten Sulfur 2448 38
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 24
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 16
Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1824 15
Nitrogen, Refrigerated Liquid 1977 12
Inorganic, Acidic Liquids 3264 12
Hypochlorite Solutions 1791 10
Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid 1073 9
Carbon Dioxide, Refrigerated Liquid 2187 9
Argon, Refrigerated Liquid 1951 6
Sulfuric Acid 1830 5
Ammonium Sulfide Solutions 2683 3
Ammonia Solutions 2672 3
Basic, Organic Liquid 3267 2
Bisulfites, Aqueous Inorganic 2693 2
Corrosive Liquids, Not Otherwise Specified 1760 2
Paint (Paint, Lacquer, Enamel, Stain, Others) 1263 1
Organic, Acidic Liquids 3265 1
Hazardous Waste, Environmental Hazard (Liquid) 3082 1
Battery Fluid Acid 2796 1
Sulfuryl Flouride 2191 1
Alcohols 1987 1
Sulfuric Acid, Spent 1832 1
Formic Acid 1789 1
Caustic Alkali Liquids 1719 1
Petroleum Crude Oil 1267 1
Hydrogen, Compressed 1049 1
Ammonia; Anhydrous 1005 1
Not Identified 2
7 The specific observation period took place Sam-12pm 8/8, 8/10, and 8/11of 2005.
60
Trucks with Placards or Multiple UN Numbers or a Combination
Hazmat Description (UN# Or Placard Type) #Trucks
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 9
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 7
Corrosive (8) 3
Flammable Or Combustible Liquids (3) 3
Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid (1073) + Oxygen (2.2) 2
Hypochlorite Solutions (1791) + Formic Acid (1789) 2
Corrosive Liquids, N.O.S. (1760) + Organic Peroxide Type F, Liquid (3109) 1
Basic, Organic, Liquid (3267) + Diesel; Combustibles (1993) 1
Dangerous (D) 1
Oxygen (2.2) 1
Dangerous (D) + Corrosive (8) 1
Hazardous Waste, Environmental Hazard (Liquid) (3082) + 1
Corrosive Solid, Self-Heating (3095) + Missed UN Number
+ Organic Peroxide (5.2) + Flammable Liquid (3)
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Oxygen (2.2) 1
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Inhalation Hazard (2.3) 1
Paint/Related Material (1263) + Dangerous (D) + Corrosive (8)
+ Flammable (Not Otherwise Identified) 1
Hydrocarbons, Liquid (3295) + Corrosive (8) 1
Resin Solution (1866) + Combustible Liquid (3) 1
Oxygen (1072) + Corrosive (8) + Missed UN Number 1
Flammable Liquid (3) + Missed UN Number 1
Average Trucks/Hour
Day of Week
Direction Monday Wednesday Thursday
East 14.25 13.0 12
West 14.75 15.5 14
Combined 29.00 28.5 26
61
Location: Hwy 580 Livermore Weigh Station Observation Period: East and Westbound
Traffic; Three Mornings in August 20058
Trucks with a Single LIN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Hypochlorite Solutions 1791 42
Elevated Temperature Liquid > 100 C 3257 38
.Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 37
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 32
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 25
Molten Sulfur 2448 18
Carbon Dioxide, Refrigerated Liquid 2187 16
Bisulfites, Aqueous Inorganic. 2693 10
Hazardous Waste, Environmental Hazard (Liquid) 3082 8
Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1824 8
Sulfuric Acid 1830 5
Alcoholic Beverages 3065 4
Butyl Acrylates 2348 4
Nitrogen, Refrigerated Liquid 1977 4
Argon, Refrigerated Liquid 1951 4
Fuel, Aviation, Turbine Engine 1863 4
Corrosive Liquid, Acidic, Inorganic 3264 3
Paint And Related Products 1263 3
Helium, Helium Compressed 1046 3
Inorganic, Basic Liquid 3266 2
Environmental Hazard (Solid) 3077 2
Ammonium Nitrate (Hot, Concentrated Liquid) 2426 2
Fuel, Aviation, Turbine Engine 1972 2
Corrosive Liquids, Not Otherwise Specified 1760 2
Hexamethylenetetramine 1328 2
Ethanol 1170 2
Resin Solution 1866 1
Regulated Medical Waste 3291 1
Batteries, Wet Filled With Acid 2794 1
Ammonia Solutions 2672 1
Ferric Chloride, Solution 2582 1
Polychlorinated Biphenyls 2315 1
Formaldehyde, Solutions 2209 1
Toluene Diisocyanate 2078 1
Asphalt, Tars, Liquid 1999 1
Alcohols 1987 1
Hydrogen, Refrigerated Liquid 1966 1
Sodium Chlorite Solution With ?5% Chlorine 1908 1
Phosphoric Acid, Liquid Or Solid 1805 1
8 The specific observation period took place Sam-12pm 8/15, 8/17, and 8/18 of 2005.
62
Caustic Alkali Liquids 1719 1
Extracts, Flavoring, Liquid 1197 1
Methyl Ethyl Ketone 1193 1
Chlorine 1017 1
Ammonia, Anhydrous 1005 1
Not Identified ---- 3
63
Trucks with Placards or Multiple UN Numbers or a Combination
Hazmat Description (UN# or Placard Type) #Trucks
Corrosive (8); Corrosive + Dangerous (D); Corrosive + Miscellaneous (9) 24
Flammable Liquids (3); Flammable Liquids (3) + Dangerous (D) 11
Dangerous (D) 4
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 4
Oxidizer (5.1) + Corrosive (8) 4
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 3
Oxidizer(5.1) 3
Inhalation Hazard (2-3) 2
Flammable Liquids (3) + Corrosive (8) 2
Oxidizer(5.1) + Corrosive (8) + Flammable Liquids (3) 1
Flammable Gas (2.1) 1
Dangerous When Wet (4.3) + Dangerous (D) + Corrosive (8) 1
Dangerous When Wet (4.3) + Poison Inhalation Hazard (6.1) 1
Flammable Liquids (3) + Corrosive (8) + Toxic (6.1) 1
Corrosive (8) + Poison Inhalation Hazard (6.1) 1
Poison (6.1) 1
Explosives (1.4) 1
Radioactive (7) 1
Sulfuric Acid (1830) + Formic Acid (1789) + Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) 1
Sulfuric Acid (1830) + Formic Acid (1789) + Potassium Hydroxide (1814) 1
Inorganic, Basic Liquid (3266) + Polyalkylamines (2734) 1
Diesel; Combustibles (1993) +
Hazardous Waste, Environmental Hazard (Liquid) (3082) 1
Organic Peroxide, Type F Liquid (3109) + Flammable Liquid (3) 1
Acetonitrile (1648) + Flammable Liquid (3) 1
Resin Solution (1866) + Flammable Liquid (3) + Organic Peroxide (5.2) 1
Acetone (1090) + Isopropanol (1219) + Missed UN Number 1
Chlorine (1017) + Missed UN Number 1
Average Trucks/Hour
Day of Week
Direction Monday Wednesday Thursday
East 15.00 15.75 15.75
West 14.25 16.00 17.75
Combined 29.25 31.75 33.50
64
Location: Hwy 80 East and Westbound Traffic at Carquinez Bridge Toll Plaza
Observation Period: Five Mornings in November 20049
Trucks with a Single UN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 138
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 31
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 23
Elevated Temperature Liquid > 100 C 3257 16
Carbon Dioxide, Refrigerated Liquid 2187 16
Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1824 13
Alcohol, N.O.S. 1987 12
Nitrogen,'Refrigerated Liquid 1977 9
Sulfuric Acid 1830 6
Fuel, Aviation, Turbine Engine 1863 6
Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid 1073 5
Bisulfites, Aqueous Inorganic 2693 4
Environmental Hazard (Solid) 3077 3
Formaldehyde Solutions 2209 3
Corrosive Liquids, N.O.S. 1760 3
Paint and Related Products 1263 3
Hazardous Waste, Environmental Hazard (Liquid) 3082 3
Ammonia Solutions 2672 2
Hydrogen, Compressed 1049 2
Difluoroethane 1030 2
Flammable Liquid, Corrosive 2924 1
Inorganic, Basic Liquid 3266 1
Nitrous Oxide, Refrigerated Liquid 2201 1
Argon, Refrigerated Liquid 1951 1
Soda Lime 1907 1
Hydrofluoric Acid 1790 1
Rubber Solution 1287 1
Petroleum Products 1268 1
Petroleum Crude Oil 1267 1
Methanol 1230 1
Ethanol 1170 1
Acetone 1090 1
Chlorine 1017 1
Not Identified 7
9 The specific observation period took place 8 am-12 pm or 7 am-11 pm 11/1-11/5 of 2004.
65
Trucks with Placards or Placards and UN Numbers
HazMat Description (UN# or placard type) #Trucks
Corrosive (8); Corrosive (8) + Dangerous (D) 8
Dangerous (D); Dangerous (D) + Flammable; Flammable 8
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-flammable gas (2.2) 7
Non-flammable gas (2.2) 6
Flammable liquid (3); Flammable liquid (3) + Dangerous (D) 5
Corrosive (8) + Flammable liquid (3) 3
Organic Peroxide (5.2) + Flammable; Organic Peroxide (5.2) +
Corrosive (8) + Flammable 2
Miscellaneous (9) 2
Water reactive solid (4.3) 2
Non-flammable Gas (2-2) + Oxygen'(2.2) 1
Flammable Gas (2.1) 1
Poison (6.1) 1
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Oxidizer(5.1) 1
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-flammable Gas (2-2) + Oxygen (2.2) 1
Oxygen (2.2) 1
Flammable liquid (3) + Corrosive (8) + Oxidizer (5.1) 1
Flammable liquid (3) + Poison (6.1) + Dangerous (D) + Missed UN # 1
Flammable liquid (3) + Poison (6.1) + Dangerous (D) + Paraldehyde (1264) 1
Corrosive (8) + Oxidizer (5.1) + Poison (6.1) + Ferric Chloride (2582) 1
Oxidizer(5.1) 1
Inhalation Hazard (6.1) 1
Sulfur dioxide (1079) + Chlorine (1017) + Hypochlorite Solutions (1791) 2
Fluorosilicic Acid (1778) + Hypochlorite Solutions (1791) 2
Phosphoric acid (1805) + Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) +
Battery Fluid Acid (2796) 2
Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) + Inorganic, acidic liquid (3264) 2
Acetone (1090) + Isopropanol (1219) + Diesel; Combustibles (1993) 1
Paint/ related products (1263) + Diesel; Combustibles (1993) + Flammable Liquid
(3) 1
Formic Acid (1789) + Phosphoric acid (1805)
+ Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) + Sulfuric Acid (1830) 1
Formic Acid (1789) + Sulfuric Acid (1830) + Battery Fluid Acid (2796) 1
Phosphoric acid (1805) + Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) 1
Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) + Sulfuric Acid (1830)
+ Nitric Acid (2031) + Battery Fluid Acid (2796) 1
Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) +
Bisulfites, aqueous inorganic (2693) 1
Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) + Battery Fluid Acid (2796)
Inorganic, acidic liquid (3264) 1
66
Average Trucks/Hour
Day of Week
Direction Monday Tuesday Wednesda Thursd Friday
East 8.25 8.25 12.75 12.75 7.0
West 8.50 9.25 10.25 13.25 7.5
Combined 16.75 17.50 23.00 26.00 14.5
67
Location: Hwy 4 — Pittsburg/Bay Point Bart Station, Second Story, Observation Deck
Observation Period: East and Westbound Traffic; Five Mornings in November, 2004'0
Trucks with a Single LIN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 95
Molten Sulfur 2448 66
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 43
Elevated Temperature Liquid > 100 C 3257 33
Nitrogen, Refrigerated Liquid 1977 29
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 28
Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid 1073 19
Hypochlorite Solutions 1791 8
Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1824 7
Inorganic, Acidic Liquid 3264 5
Carbon Dioxide, Refrigerated Liquid 2187 4
Argon, Refrigerated Liquid 1951 4
Sulfuric Acid 1830 4
Hazardous Waste, Environmental Hazard (Liquid) 3082 3
Environmental Hazard (Solid) 3077 3
Paint And Related Products 1263 3
Ammonia Solutions 2672 2
Nitric Acid 2031 2
Alcohol, N.O.S. 1987 2
Hydrochloric Acid 1789 2
Corrosive Liquids, N.O.S. 1760 2
Xylyl Bromide 1701 2
Ammonia, Anhydrous 1005 2
Toxic, Organic Liquid 2810 1
N-Ethylaniline 2272 1
Sulfuryl Fluoride 2191 1
Ammonium Nitrate 1942 1
Sludge Acid 1906 1
Resin Solution 1866 1
Sulfuric Acid, Fuming 1831 1
Phosphoric Acid 1805 1
Hydrogen, Compressed 1049 1
Helium 1046 1
Difluoroethane 1030 1
Chlorine 1017 1
Not Identified ftw--4m 9
10 The specific observation period took place 8 am-12 pm or 7 am-11 am 11/15-11/19 (West)
and 11/16-11/19, and 11/22 (East) of 2004.
68
Trucks with Placards or Placards and UN Numbers
Hazmat Description (UN# or Placard Type) #Trucks
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 30
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 16
Flammable Liquid (3); Dangerous (D) 7
Corrosive (8); Corrosive (8) + Dangerous (D) 6
Oxygen (2.2) 4
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Oxygen (2.2) 2
Miscellaneous (9) - 1
Poison (6.1) 1
Flammable Liquid (3) + Organic Peroxide (5.2) 1
Corrosive (8) + Fla mmabI e/Combusti ble Liquid (3F) 1
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Oxygen (2.2) + 1
Flammable/Combustible Liquid (3)
Poison (6.1) + Inhalation Hazard (6.1) 1
Explosive + Missed UN # 1
Flammable Liquid (3) + Missed UN # 1
Miscellaneous (9) + Missed UN # 1
Diesel; Combustibles (1993) + Corrosive Liquid (2922) 1
Environmental Hazard (Solid) (3077) + Dangerous (D) +
Flammable Liquid (3) 1
Average Trucks/Hour
Day of Week
Direction Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
East 11.75 12 10.75 11.5 10
West 12 10.25 12 14.25 11.75
L Combined 23.75 22.25 1 22.75 1 25.75 21.75___j
69
Location: 680 North and Southbound Traffic at Treat Blvd Weigh Station
Observation Period: Five Mornings in November 200411
Trucks with a Single UN Number
Description UN# #Trucks
Gasoline, Gasohol 1203 238
Elevated Temperature Liquid > 100 C 3257 81
Liquefied Petroleum Gas 1075 38
Diesel; Combustibles 1993 36
Molten Sulfur 2448 26
Inorganic, Acidic Liquid 3264 16
Nitrogen, Refrigerated Liquid 1977 15
Carbon Dioxide, Refrigerated Liquid 2187 13
Hypochlorite Solution 1791 13
Oxygen, Refrigerated Liquid 1073 7
Ammonia Solutions 2672 6
Argon, Refrigerated Liquid 1951 5
Ferric Chloride 2582 3
Nitric Acid 2031 3
Sulfuric Acid 1830 3
Sodium Hydroxide Solution 1824 3
Inorganic, Basic Liquid 3266 2
Self-Heating Solid, Inorganic 3190 2
Environmental Hazard (Solid) 3077 2
Ammonium Nitrate, Liquid 2426 2
Fuel, Aviation, Turbine Engine 1863 2
Hydrochloric Acid 1789 2
Fluorosilcic Acid 1778 2
Corrosive Liquids, N.O.S. 1760 2
Hazardous Waste, Environmental Hazard (Liquid) 3082 1
Vanadium Pentoxide 2862 1
Sulfuryl Fluoride 2191 1
Styrene Monomer 2055 1
Alcohol 1987 1
Propane 1978 1
Hydrofluoric Acid 1790 1
Toluidine 1708 1
Xylyl Bromide 1701 1
Paint And Related Products 1263 1
Hydrogen, Compressed 1049 1
Helium 1046 1
Not Identified 22
The specific observation period took place 8 am-12 pm 11/-11/12 (northbound) and 11/11-
11/12, and 11/15-11/17 (southbound) of 2004.
70
Trucks with Placards or Placards and UN Numbers
Hazmat Description (UN# or Placard Type) #Trucks
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 23
Corrosive (8); Corrosive (8) + Flammable 15
Flammable Gas (2-1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) 8
Flammable Liquid (3); Flammable Liquid (3) + Dangerous (D) 8
Oxygen (2.2) 6
Inhalation Hazard (6.1) + Inhalation Hazard (2.3); Inhalation Hazard (2.3) 4
Flammable Gas (2.1) 3
Corrosive (8) + Flammable Liquid (3) 3
Dangerous (D); Miscellaneous (9) 3
Gasoline (1203) + Rubber Solution (1287) 2
Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Oxygen (2.2) 2
Oxidizer (5.1) 2
Flammable Gas (2.1) + Non-Flammable Gas (2.2) + Oxygen (2.2) 1
Flammable Liquid (3) + Flammable Solid (4.1) 1
Poison (6.1) 1
Flammable Liquid (3) + Toxic (6.1) + Oxidizer (5.1) + Corrosive (8) 1
Flammable Liquid (3) + Toxic (6.1) + Corrosive (8) 1
Organic Peroxide (5.2) +Flammable Liquid (3) 1
Ammonium Fluoride (2505) + Oxidizer (5.1) + Flammable Liquid (3) 1
+ Dangerous (D)
Paint And Related Products (1263) + Ferrous Chloride (1759) +
Environmental Hazard (Solid) (3077) 1
Formic Acid (1789) + Phosphoric Acid (1805) +
Sodium Hydroxide Solution (1824) + Sulfuric Acid (1830) 1
Average Trucks/Hour
Da of Week
Direction Monday_ Tuesday Wednesday Thursda Friday
East 15.5 14.5 13.25 12.75 18.25
West 19.25 19.75 19.5 13 15.25
Combined 34.75 34.25 32.75 25.75 33.5
71
Hazardous Materials
Transportation Study for Contra
Costa County
Contra Costa Health Services Hazardous Materials Programs
Randall Sawyer,Nathaniel Zuckerman,and Neal Price
)., California Department of Health Services
> Environmental Health Investigations Branch
Sharon Lee,Sandra McNeel,Robert Gunier,Robert McLaughlin,and
Daniel Smith
;o November 1,2005
Study Coniponents
Design and conduct survey of highway
hazardous materials (hazmat)transported
by truck
Analyze existing railroad hazmat data
Truck Survey
Truck SurveyDesign .�
> "Guidance for Conducting HazMat Flow
Surveys"published by U.S.Department of
Transportation
Original intent:Binocular survey followed by
Review of shipping papers of hazmat trucks
stopped at CHP weigh stations
• Stopping of trucks not feasible due to likely increase
in traffic congestion
Revised design: Binocular survey only
. Fall,2004&Summer,2005
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4.
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2b ►I■rY 160 AMieeA 860W TNI Diose 4 PRMbr VMfty Pewrt BART aRMew
2br FI■vy 4 0ekkrVMAd9*heetl en/MSM(lnlerseceen B li■.y 360 L Wrtarore1AftMWr*Pets BdOien
3 Seo wskm Creek~9h 9tMen/Trest Blvd Ext
Truck Survey Periods
Fall,2004 ➢ Summer,2005
Locations >.Locations
Highway 80(Carquinez) . Fall locations,plus:
Highway 680(Walnut . Highway 580(Richmond)
Creek) . Highway 4(Oakley)
Highway 4(Pittsburg) . Highway 160(Oakley)
> Survey times . Highway 680(Livermore)
• 5 weekday mornings,M-F, ➢ Survey times
8-12 noon or 7-11 am 3 weekdays,M,W,Th.
Information recorded: - 8-12 neon(all locations)
UN number,placard - 1-5 pm(Hwy 80,6M)
description,truck type,, ➢ Information recorded:
timeone-hour blocks)s) Same as Fall,2004
2
UN (United Nations) Numbers
>4-digit number on:
• Diamond-shaped placard or
• Orange rectangle
Required for:
• Tank cars,Other bulk loads
• 49000 Kg container-any hazardous material
• 1,000 Kg container--highly toxic by inhalation
material
Nel
•:•:iti iii it's:':i.'%::. � •<<M1•::
t;:;itt .ih;.{X;�:r••%i?,'`• .:,:':�%G':rrr'*''t{C:�:;•�;:;•:•:,,;•:-.� \.i•.,r1.,,_,:....r:%;�::�: .% •S1';.+d.'.,..;:..
1•V
Placards (worded
..ems 1•�t••.�-t
rr.. ... � �"`"
Truck Survey Results
Overview
160 total survey hours
More than 3,600 hazmat trucks counted
• Most were tankers carrying bulk loads
> Hazmat trucks per hour ranged from 8(Hwy
160)to.33(Hwy 680)
A Gasoline tankers-nearly 1/3 of all hazmat
trucks
Truck Types Carrying Hazardous Materials
(Entire Survey)
Type Number Percent
Tanker 2,803 77
Box 358 10
Cather--ex:flatbed,utility 441 12
Multiple large tanks per
vehicle 281 0.8
Total 39630 100
t
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t
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a Ff
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s
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Most Common Materials with UN numbers
(Entire Survey)
Material Frequency Percent
Gasoline 1,094 34
Hot liquid 336 10
Liquified 274 9
petroleum gas
Combustible 256 8
liquid(ex:diesel)
Sulfur,molten 189 6
Most Common Hazards with Worded Placards
(Entire Survey)
Hazard Frequency Percent
Non-Flammable 239 30
Gas
Flammable(any) 225 28
Corrosive 159 20
Inhalation Hazard 48 6
or Poison
Oxidizer 40 5
Hazardous Materials Trucks per Hour by
Location(Mornings)
Location Average Trucks
per hour
Hwy 680—Walnut Creek 33
Hwy 580—Livermore 32
Hwy 4—Pittsburg 25
Hwy 80— Carquinez bridge 23
Hwy 580—Richmond bridge 19
Hwy 4—Oakley 12
Hwy 160--Antioch bridge 8
Rail Transport Data — Contra Costa
County
>Railroad hazmat databases
• Union Pacific,Burlington Northern Santa Fe
• Main Contra Costa lines
• Both lines provided data to project
>Federal Waybill data
Annual statistical sample of U.S.freight
movements
•Accuracy lower with smaller geographical areas
like counties
Rail Line HazMat Data
12 consecutive months of data provided,
2004—2005
10,000—27,000 hazmat loads annually,on rail
line segments in Contra Costa
Over 100 different hazmat materials
& Identified by STCC codes
• STCC:Standard Transportation Commodity Code
- Specific to rail transport
Railroads In Alameda county and Contra Costa County re
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9
Most Common Hazardous
Materials Carried by Rail in CCC
Annual
Max Loads
any Rail
STCC DESCRIPTION Segment
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
("FAK-freight all kinds") 14,570
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASES 5,539
ALCOHOLS 21,956
SULFURIC ACID 2,329
CARTRIDGES FOR WEAPONS 1,570
CHLORINE 850
Most Common Rail HazMat by
Emergency Response Guide
> %Loads > ERG Description
37% Mixed Load/Unidentified Cargo
19% Flammable Gases
9% Flammable Liquids
8% Explosives
7% Corrosives
"Toxic by Inhalation"
Hazards Carried by Rail
CHEMICAL MAX LOADS(>20)
CHLORINE 850
AMMONIA 173
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE 34
SULFUR DIOXIDE 33
METHYL BROMIDE 24
CHLOROPICRIN 23
10
Conclusions/Summary
> New Contra Costa County-specific information
* Assist in emergency planning&training
Truck survey
0 >3,600 hazmat trucks observed in 160 survey hours
* Highest Traffic=Hwy 680 Walnut Creek(33 trucks/hr)
e Most Frequent Hazmat=Gasoline(34%of all bulk loads)
* Emergency Response Categories
• Most frequent=Flammable hazards
• Next=Toxic/corrosive hazards
* Most Frequent'Toxic by Inhalation'hazard=Chlorine
Conclusions/Summary-- continued
>Rail data (20,300 hazmat loads -annual
average per rail segment)
• Most Frequent Hazmat-"FAK"(freight-all-kinds,
not further identifiable)
• Emergency Response Categories
• Most Frequent=Unidentified Load/Mixed Hazmat
• Next=Flammable hazards,ex:LPG
• Most Frequent'Toxic by Inhalation'rail
hazard-Chlorine
Questions or Comteisen ?
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