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HomeMy WebLinkAboutMINUTES - 02251986 - 2.3 c 2. 3 THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF CONTRA COSTA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Adopted this Order on February 25 , 1986 , by the following vote: AYES: Supervisors Schroder, McPeak, Torlakson and Powers NOES: Supervisor Fanden ABSENT: None ABSTAIN: None -------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- SUBJECT: 2656-RZ9 DP 3063-85 , DP 3003-869 2658-RZ and DP 3002-86 Pleasant Hill Bart Station Area The Board on February 11 , 1986 deferred to this date and time its hearing on the recommendations of the County Planning Commission on the following: 1 . Application of Hoover Associates & Merle Gilliland (applicants) , and Taylor Woodrow of California Inc. , and Treat Corners Partnership (owners) , to rezone land (2656-RZ) from Single Family Residential (R-15) to Planned Development District (P-1) . 2 . Application for approval of Final Development Plan 3063-85 , Merle D. Gilliland and Wallace Olson Association, Inc. (applicants) and Treat Corners Partnership (owners) for approval of an office building, hotel complex and related parking. 3. Application for approval of Final Development Plan 3003-86 , Taylor Woodrow of California, Inc. (applicants and owners) for approval of an office project and related parking. 4 . Application of Taylor/Ward Properties (applicant and owners) , to rezone land (2658-RZ) from Single Family Residential District (R-10 & P-1) to Planned Development District (P-1) , and for approval of Final Development Plan 3002-86 , Taylor/Ward Properties (applicant) and Sonspirit Properties (owners) for approval of an office/hotel project. Supervisor McPeak advised that the Specific Plan Review Committee had met and was prepared to make its progress report. Harvey Bragdon, Assistant Director of Community Development, reported on the Department' s response to the concerns raised by Gary Bingham of the City of Walnut Creek. Mr. Bragdon advised that the County Palanning Commission had held a special study session on February 18 , 1986 on the Transportation Systems Management and Child Care Elements of the Pleasant Hilll Bart Station area Specific Plan and as a result of that meeting, on March 11 , 1986 it will hear the report from staff and Contra Costa Centre Assocation with respect to TSM, and that on March 25 , 1986 there will be a public hearing before the County Planning Commission on that program, both as an ordinance and as an amendment to the Specific Plan. Supervisor Torlakson addressed the regional traffic miti- gation proposal he had previously submitted. Mr. Bragdon responded that it is staff' s interpretation that it will review all of the regional traffic mitigation suggestions as part of the specific plan, and the concept is covered in the proposed conditions. Supervisor Fanden advised that she was skeptical about a TSM. She inquired how the 500 a square foot is going to be spent as there is no program as yet, and whether 500 will be enough. She expressed concern that perhaps there were too many hotels being built, noting the current level of vacanies in existing hotels. She advised that too much development was being allowed for the capacity of the streets , and further that she was not sure the proper kind of development was occuring in the area, and for all of the above reasons she would be voting against approval of the projects. Supervisor McPeak advised that the Steering Committee had determined that the improvements required for the project do miti- gate the traffic impact generated by the project. Supervisor McPeak advised that the Specific Plan would allow additional FAR that could be placed in moratorium or be removed if the infrastructure improvements do not accommodate the traffic generated by these projects. Supervisor McPeak commented that there had been a two-year moratorium in the planning process and that process did have the participation of the cities, Bart, and the homeowners association; that the density is far less than the Golden Triangle or the Concord Downtown Plan, it contained significant open space and green areas and is the only plan in which TSM is required to be part of the development and the only one for which child care has been required. She stated that some $20 millon of infrastructure will accompany this growth, plus 500 per square foot transit fee for public transit, and she was recommending additional conditions with respect to the proper allocation of FAR within the scope of the Specific Plan and providing for a parking assessment district as the equivalent of the Regional Transportation Mitigation Fund. Supervisor McPeak thereupon moved for approval with the conditions recommended by the Board members, staff and the County Planning Commission. Supervisor Schroder seconded the motion, but commented that he was not in full agreement with the proposal for funding traffic mitigation. He expressed concern that such a proposed fee would not be applied uniformly throughout the County and that there is not a total plan in place for the distribution of these funds. Supervisor McPeak reviewed and clarified her motion. Board members further discussed the various aspects. Supervisor Fanden moved to amend the motion to provide for $1 per square foot for the traffic contribution. The motion to amend died for lack of a second. As recommended by Supervisor McPeak, THE BOARD HEREBY DECLARES ITS INTENT to approve the projects subject to: 1 . The conditions recommended by the staff including having the final design of the hotels approved by the Zoning Administrator. 2. The recommendations of the County Planning Commission. 3 . The recommendations of Supevsior McPeak. 4 . The motion submitted by BART as revised and approved by County Counsel. IT IS BY THE BOARD ORDERED that staff is to prepare and submit the appropriate document, including findings, for adoption by the Board. Supervisor Schroder requested that the TSM Committee be ,expanded o nclude a staff person from the Contra costa County Transportattioin Authority. I hereby certify that this Is a true and correct copy of an action taken and ontered on the minutes of the Board of Supervir-orAon the date shown. ATTESTED: Pli'jl. BKTCHELOR, Clerk of the Board of Supervisors and County Administrator By Deputy cc: Community Development County Counsel Applicants BOARD OF SUPERVISORS FROM: Anthony A. Dehaesus, ^_�+ Director of Community Development ,�,��,)tr DATE: January 30, 1986 Pun�y C ) to Funding of Contra Costa Centre Association for Develo nt o SUBJECT: TSM and Child Care Programs in the Pleasant Hill BART Station Area. SPECIFIC REQUEST(S) OR RECOMMENDATION(S) a BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION RECOMMENDATION A. Approve the reimbursement of up to $38,000 to the Contra Costa Centre Association for direct costs in developing a Transportation Systems Management (TSM) program and Child Care Program for the Pleasant ,Hill BART Station Specific Plan Area. B. Approve a loan of up to $77 ,000 to the Contra Costa Centre Association for TSM and operating expenses for Fiscal Year 1985-86 in connection with the Pleasant Hill BART Station Specific Plan Area. C. Authorize the Director of Community Development to negotiate and execute a reimbursement and loan agreement with the Contra Costa Centre Association in the above amounts. D. Appropriate $38, 000 from planning fees and $77,000 from TSM fees collected in the Pleasant Hill BART Station Specific Plan Area for the purposes indicated above. FINANCIAL IMPACT The recommended action represents a grant of up to $38,000 and a loan of up to $77 ,000. Funds would be drawn from monies collected in the Pleasant Hill BART Station Area for planning purposes and TSM implementation. Thus far, approximately $134,000 has been collected for planning studies ( the "nickel fee" ) of which $62,000 was spent on initial TSM studies. Over $1,178,000 has been collected for TSM implementation (the "fifty cent fee" ) of .which no funds have been spent, although $1,000 ,000 was loaned to the Redevelopment Agency temporarily. Most of these funds were received through the formation of Assessment District 1983-1 and 1985-3 . Funds from the TSM fifty cent fee are not currently needed for expenditure. A decision on how and when to spend these funds is dependent upon the formulation, approval and implementation of an acceptable TSM program. The proposed use of these funds as a loan is consistent with their intended purpose and puts the money to valuable use while a TSM program is developed. CONTINUED ON ATTACHMENT: X YES SIGNATURE; RECOMMENDATION OF COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR M1TTEE APPROVE OTHER SIGNATURE(S): O V ACTION OF BOARD ON Februarys, 1986 APPROVED AS RECOMMENDED X •OTHER ^ The Board approved the above recommendations and in addition, requested the Redevelopment Agency Director to report on the workplan for development of the program. Supervisor Schroder requested to be kept informed of the progress made in implementing the workplan. VOTE OF SUPERVISORS I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS/IS A TRUE X UNANIMOUS (ABSENT AND CORRECT COPY OF AN ACTION TAKEN AYES: NOES: AND ENTERED ON THE MINUTES OF THE BOARD ABSENT: ABSTAIN: OF SUPERVISORS ON THE DATE SHOWN. t CD: County Administrator ATTESTED February 25, -1986 County Auditor -- Redevelopment Director PHIL BATCHELOR, CLERK OF THE BOARD OF Contra Costa Centre Association SUPERVISORS AND COUNTY ADMINISTRATOR M382/7-83 BY ___,DEPUTY TSM & Child Care Funding Page 2 BACKGROUND Over the past year developer' s in the Pleasant Hill BART Station Area have been working to formalize an association which takes responsibility and coordinates TSM and Child Care Programs in the area. Most recently they have formed the Contra Costa Centre Association, a non-profit corporation having formal bylaws and elected officers. The Association has continued the County' s initial work in TSM and Child Care Studies by retaining qualified consultants in these areas. In TSM their consultants have generated an initial TSM Plan, which is directed toward the County goal of achieving a 30% reduction in single occupant vehicles in the area. In addition they have developed a work program for further action that includes studies to determine area commuting patterns, implementation and enforcement measures, compliance surveys and development of a potential TSM ordinance. Their efforts have been directed toward fulfilling an areawide need and not just the developer's individual projects. Infact, the Associations intent is to develop a model program that can be used elsewhere in the County and will serve as a basis for a Countywide TSM Ordinance. In child care the Association has begun discussions with several child care providers, approved a workplan for developing a child care system and commissioned initial surveys of needs and resources. The Association has either committed or spent approximately $15,000-$20,000 directly to TSM and Child Care Program development, and the full work program for both items is expected to total $38,000 for Fiscal Year 1985-86 . In addition the Association has budgeted approximately $77 ,000 in TSM Management expenses and operating costs. REASONS FOR RECOMMENDATION Given the substantial start up costs for the Association and the TSM and Child Care Programs, the Association has requested financial assistance from the County. The request comes at a time when the individual association members have substantial funds invested in start-up of their projects, without any project revenue coming in. The developers/members have, however, contributed over $1 . 3 million in Specific Plan fees expressly earmarked for TSM and transit enhancement. Some of these funds are to be used for study and planning, while expenditure of other monies, which are intended for implementation, is dependent upon the final adoption of programs. It is also noted that the Association has voluntarily assumed responsibility for areawide program development and is desirous of working toward a countywide ordinance. To the extent that the Association does this, it will save the County the time, trouble, and expense of developing additional county measures. It is the view of staff that direct costs of the Association expended in planning and initial studies can and should be provided as a grant. Other costs associated with the implementation and operation of TSM and Child Care are costs that were intended to be borne by the Association and its membership, but a loan from earmarked funds would be appropriate during the initial start-up period. The County, however, could consider forgiving such a loan in the future depending upon the success and effectiveness of the programs and the needs of the County. Note that staff would not propose the grant or loan of any funds until an agreement has been negotiated which specifies that work to be done, authorized expenditures, auditing and monitoring provisions and periodic review. Staff also proposed that future funding be reserved for later consideration. TSM & Child Care Funding Page 3 The following documents are attachments to this Board order and by reference are incorporated herein: 1 . Letter from Contra Costa Centre Association: 2. Letter from DKS Associates: 3 . Child Care System Workplan: 4. Contra Costa Centre Association/Transportation Systems Management Plan TAP:krc CONTRA COSTA CENTRE ASSOCIATION c/o NYSTROM ENGINEERING i 700 YGNAC 10 VALLEY ROAD, SU ITE 320 - WALNUT CREEK, CAr�4596 - ,f Contra Costa Coup RECEIVED �ty i' --- December 13, .1;985 %i 1 �r DEC 1985 Mr . Tom ProgenOffic Director of Redevelopment d' COUnt%, Adm+.nrstra 651 Pine Street , 4th floor N. Wing for Martinez, CA 94553 . SUBJECT: _ Funding for TMA Program —Contra Costa Centre Association Dear Tom, This is in regard to numerous previous discussions , olar letter of July 23, and our recent Director 's meeting of November 7 where we discussed our Association' s request for funds to organize and administer our Transportation Management Association (TMA) . Immediate action on this matter is essential because of public concern regarding lack of action on reducing traffic impacts while development proceeds . ,In response to our discussion at the November 7 Board meeting, I am submitting this letter as the request from our Association that the County finance , from the $1 , 026 , 000 funds included in Assessment District 1.983-1 , the cost of organizing our TMA for the purpose of administering future Transportation Systems Management (TSM) programs to reduce auto traffic in our area. During our discussion, we agreed that , for now, the request for these funds will be considered as a' loan from the Assessment District fund . to the TMA, but with the .'provision' that the loan could become a grant if it were shown that the organiza- tion of the TMA and the programs of the TSM .were effective in helping. to reduce auto traffic in the area. The enclosed request ,is submitted for two purposes - I . Reimbursement of expenses already incurred during the past. one and a half years to form the Contra Costa Centre Association in the amount of $65 , 400 (see enclosures) , and 2 . Anticipated expenses to administer the start up administrative costs for the next two years 1985-1986 in the amount of $95,000 and -1986-1987 in the amount of $132 , 000 (see enclosure) . 3 . After June 1987 , the expenses of administration and operation of the TMA would be expected to be paid . by the Contra Costa Centre Association members . We , the property owners, took over the organizing of the TSM 1-1/2 years ago with the understanding that the first 2 years financing of the organization would be from the Assessment District fund. We would appreciate your reviewing the enclosed expense list and two year budget and request that you present this request to Phil Batchelor and the Board of Supervisors as soon as. possible . ' As you know , we have. accumulated expenses over the past 18 months for administrative se.rvices, coordination, legal expenses , and the TSM report , and we need. a resolution of this matter and the receipt of your funds as early as possible . . . Also , we need the funding to begin implementing the TSM program . As you are aware , Central Bank already has about 300 employees in its headquarters building and the first step of our TSM program is to conduct a survey of their employees and analyze their commuting habits (see enclosed copy of our consultant 's proposal ) . You have indicated you.'had ,hoped that your review might be accomplished within two to three weeks after receipt of this letter . We would appreciate your approval of our request for these funds and the receipt of these funds at your earliest convenience. Very truly yours , CONTRA COSTA CENTRE ASSOCIATION Merle Gilliland President MG/RAN:aa CCCFund.dck CC : All Directors County Board of Supervisors (w/enc) Phil Batchelor, County Administrator (w/enc NYSTROM ENGINEERING RICHARD A. NYSTROM CIVIL ENGINEER • PLANNER 700 YONACIO VALLEY ROAD, SUITE 3!0-WALNUT CREEK-CA 94696 OOKM OOM C ENM A.39=ATICK me of August 31, 1985 Aeaoclatlan Xqxwmww for 0orwultatlon 8axvioo ; (Nyatna, Child Cmlre, Legal and TSI Oonaultation) Puyamn" by: Billing Service" Total Dated r W-11" "L11000-0lam Uteri Hest T>:C 1gr Woodrow 6-1-84 Apr. A May $ 3,M 8 1,331 8 1,331 a 1,331 7-1-84 June 1984 1,449. ... . 481 481 481 8-1-84 July 1984 5,910 1,970 1,970 11970 Q-1-84 -Augumrt.,1984 6,426 ;:'.$.142 2,142 -'-.2,142 _ 10-1-64 Beptmbar 1964 4,407 ;,3:1;469 1.4m 11-1-84 October 1984 . 2,397 '799 799 799 1-1-85 Nov. A Dec. 6,492 X2,164 2,164 2,164 2-1-85 Jmnary 1985 2,763 921 921 '921 3-1-65 'FFebrvazy 1985 2,586 -862 862 862 3-1-85 February (legal) 1,164 388 388 388 4-1-85 torch 1985 5,847 1,948 1,949 1,949 5-1--85 April 1985 6,507 2,169 6-1-85 mery 1985 3,826 1,275 7-1-85 Jurke 1986 4,224 8-1-85 July 1985 2,386 9-1-85 August 1985 5,030 8651400 $17,920 $14,476 $14,476 l "CONTRA--•COSTA CENTRE" PROPERTY OWNERS ASSOCIATION Estimated Budget 1985-86 1986-87 I . Transportation Management Association Expenses A. Organizational Consulting $25,000 $ 15,000 Services B. Legal Consulting Services 5,000 2 ,000 C. TSM Program Organization and 10,000 51000 Consulting D. Organization filing fees 1 ,000 0 E. Clerical expenses 5,000 8,000 F. Salaries 15,000 35,000 G Meetings 1 ,000 4,000 H. Miscellaneous 5,000 5,000 $b7,000 $ 74 ,00.0 2 . Operating Expenses A. Rideshare Coordination and 5,000 15,000 Matching B. Incentive Programs -5,000 10,000 C. Monitoring and Evaluation 5,000 10,000 D. Travel--pattern determination 3,000 5,000 E. Clerical expenses 5,000 8,000 F. Printing of programs 5 ,000 10,000 TOTAL $55,000 $132,000 DKS Associates 1.11"1 fitci:rf}ti1)y,Stiller AN; Ckjkl..Imt CA 94672 415 763.2061 September 23, 1985 Nystrom Engineering Civil Engineering 700 Ygnocio Valley Road, Suite 320 Walnut Creek, CA 94596 Attn: Richard A. Nystrom Subject: TSM Consultant Study Contra Costa Conta Centre Association A85-0483/60 Dear Dick: We are pleased to submit this proposal to conduct a survey of the' employees of Central Bank for the Contra Costa Centre Association. This survey represents the first implementation action of the draft Transportation System Management (TSM) Plan which is being considered by the Association. Therefore, it is important that the transportation survey provide both information to guide further inplementation activities, and a means of introducing TSM alternatives to employees of Contra Costa Centre. The survey is also a significant indication to Contra Costa County staff that TSM is underway at the Centre. .The project will entail designing a transportation survey, processing and analyzing the responses, and preparing a report summarizing the meaning and significance of the results. The survey will be customized to Central Bank employees, but still sufficiently general for use by all tenants of the Centre as the need arises. Survey responses will be processed on a microcomputer using Statpac statistical software, providing a data base which can be used later for comparative purposes with future surveys conducted at the Centre. The written report will offer _ summarized analysis to guide the commitment of time and money to the continuing TSM plan. DKS is especially qualified to undertake this work because of its expertise in TSM and transportation market research. DKS is familiar with the Pleasant Hill BART area's transportation environment and the needs of the LCCA. We have completed several successful projects of this type, including: 1) Santa Barbara CBD Transportation Management and Implementation 2) Fireman's Fund TSM Plan 3) Stanislaus County Transit Market Research Project . A/Ir. Richard A. Nystrom Nystrom Engineering Civil Engineering September 23, 1985 Page 2 —SKS efforts for Santa Barbara and for the Fireman's Fund Marin County facility included employee transportation surveys, while the Stanislous County project involved processing almost 5,000 surveys using the STATPAC statistical software package. This project will be staff by the some individuals who developed the CCCA TSM plan. Richard Sauve, DKS Vice President, will again serve as Project Manager, drawing on his long history of successful traffic mitigation projects. He will be assisted by David Sharforz, Senior Transportation Planner, who played a key role preparing the CCCA plan. The staff will include Susan Pultz, Transportation Planner, who has considerable past background with Crain and Associates, where she designed and analyzed surveys and assisted in TSM studies. To complete this project we will undertake the following four tasks: Task 1: Finalize Questionnaire Task 2: Process Surveys Task 3: Analyze,Survey Results Task 4: Meetings and Presentations During Task 1, the employee travel survey instrument will be revised and finalized through joint efforts of the consultant, COCA, and Central Bank. The survey will be refined to gather the following information about employees that is critical to effective TSM plan implementation: o Travel patterns -- mode, commute distance, and work hours. o Knowledge of and experience with alternatives to driving along. o Attitudes towards commute alternatives and reasons why employees may resist using them. o Services that would be most helpful to employees in selecting and maintaining new commute modes and patterns. The importance of a well-designed survey instrument cannot be over- emphasized. Questions must be worded in such a way that respondents are unlikely to misunderstand them. The questionnaire must.be brief and designed to maintain the respondents active attention so that they are sure to give careful answers. A combination of objective and open-opened questions will be used. Objective questions can be answered quickly and provide a wealth of information that can be easily coded and computerized. Through open-ended questions, we will probe more deeply about attitudes towards commute alternatives. Survey results will be processed for Task 2 using in-house a microcomputer and statistics software package. We will produce a hard copy of preliminary survey results including frequency distributions of all question responses and cross tabulations of relevant questions. These results will be used to facilitate discussion between CCCA, Central Bank, and the consultants. Mr. Richard A. Nystrom - Nystrom Engineering Civil Engineering - September 23, 1985 Page 3 During Task 3, the survey results will be analyzed in view of TSM objectives and plans. The commute pattern information will enable us to identify which commute alternative modes should be stressed in the initial months of .plan implementation. The results concerning knowledge of and attitudes towards the various modes. will be used to select the best marketing and information dissemination techniques. From this information, combined with the commute pattern data, we will be able to assess the demand for and feasiblity of shuttle bus, vanpool and subscription bus service. Finally, the TSM services questions develop the type of services CCCA employees are most likely to value and to determine the resources needed to provide the services. Task IV will involve meeting as necessary with CCCA and Central Bank to review the survey results, present recommended TSM plan modifications and, together with CCCA, develop plan revisions or emphases. PROJECT BUDGET DKS will commit approximately 60 professional hours to conduct the employee survey for the Association. This level of work will be accomplished within a $3,600 budget maximum. The work effort will be distributed by*DKS staff person, as follows: Richard Sauve 8 hours @ $95.00 Inger Knox 4 hours @ 48:00 David Sharfarz 18 hours @55.00 Susan Pultz 30 hours @ 45.00 . All services will be invoiced at the .above rates. Direct project expenses wiII be invoiced at cost plus 10 percent handling fee. Approximately $300 in direct expenses are estimated to cover computer time, survey printing and local travel mileage. We will bill you every 4 weeks with payment due within 30 days after the invoice date. Handling fees of 2.5 percent ,per month will be assessed on invoices not paid within the 30 day period. WORK SCHEDULE DKS. Associates anticipates that the above work items can be completed within four weeks of your authorization to proceed. However, we will remain flexible to the. needs of the CCCA, particularly with respect to scheduling of meetings involving Association members. ADDITIONAL WORK Our budget is based on the workscope and labor requirements presented above. Should changes occur in the project or in the issues to be considered requiring additional analysis and/or report writing, we would notify you and modify our workscope and budget accordingly. Any changes would be based on the billing rates identified in this proposal. Mr. Richard A. Nystrom Nystrom Engineering Civil Engineering September 23, 1985. - - Page 4 WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION Your signature below will constitute our written authorization to proceed with the proposed work according to the terms of this proposal/contract.. Should you have any questions concerning the contents of our proposal, please do not hesitate to call. Thank you for your consideration of our proposal. Sincerely, Accepted by DKS ASSOCIATES NYSTROM ENGINEERING a California Corporation Civil Engineers Richard T. Souve Principal By RTS:ceh Title Date LOUSE K RUSH - Planning and Consultation 74 Perine Place `Employment Related Child Care San Francisco, CA 94115 415 922 3578 CHILD CARE SYSTEM WORKPLAN GOAL: TO DEVELOP A CHILD CARE SYSTEM FOR CONTRA COSTA CENTRE EST. OBJECTIVES =PEOPLE QUARTER COST I Determine current tenants' child care 1st/86 $6262 �� needs and interest in supporting those needs A. Complete survey process with employees Rush/Tenants B. Complete survey process with tenants Rush/Tenants C. Analyze and outline survey results, Rush distribute to Committee and tenants D. Research child care services near Rush Contra Costa Centre 1. Investigate services of La Petite Academy Rush F. Work w/DKS associates to avoid duplication Rush' 6. Meet w/Committee to review results Rush/Committee of Quarter II initiate child care information service 2nd-4th/86 $6000 A. Assume child care coordination services: Rush define program components, costs, interview service vendors, report to Committee B. Meet w/Committee; present budget, Rush/Committee select program components and vendor .pa.f, ,..' '''f,'S-d.'S,...:t:..+�;r :%...'ati$`"w"ti:s�."�k4'.,'S'.zs.saai: .e,a t^�'��Jfi'4'^..,,-�;..-„. . w t. _ .• .-';s.:'tis.,.., ,c. - �_. - r--t - EST. OBJECTIVES PEOPLE QUARTER COST 11 Initiate child care information service C. Negotiate 1 year information service Rush/Nystrom contract w/vendor D. Coordinate start-up and ongoing program Rush operations E. Meet and report bi-annually to Committee Rush/Committee on status of service III Determine additional child care services 2nd-3rd/86 $6000 to create system A. Examine which child care services adddress . Rush Contra Costa Centre's marketing goals, tenant and employee needs- building on -existing services when feasible B. Assist BART Committee representatives Rush/Committee w/ information necessary for BART to reach decision concerning dual child care needs of employees and patrons C. Present viable services to Committee, Rush/Committee select appropriate services IV Finalize Contra Costa Centre Child Care Plan lst/87 $4500 A. Meet w/Committee and achieve consensus Rush/Committee on child child care plan components,timeline, costs,and funding mechanisms B. outline plan in a written report,distribute Rush to Committee C. Expand Committee to include interested Rush/Committee participants V Initiate services in accordance w/plan 2nd/87 ---- TOTAL ESTIMAT $22,762 rn Contra Costa Centre Association Transportation Systems Management Plan FINAL REPORT a _ September 1985 f ^ DKS ASSOCIATES _ r DKS Associates CONTRA COSTA CENTRE ASSOCIATION 71 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT PLAN 4 FINAL REPORT September 1985 l f. =` P85171-0-1/1 1 DKS Associates OVERVIEW The Contra Costa Centre is currently developing as a major regional employment center near the BART Pleasant HiII station in unincorporated portions of Contra P Costa County. By the end of 1986, 1,500 employees will be housed at the site. Total employment on private property at build-out is estimated to approach 8,000. .Development will be predominantly low and mid-rise office buildings, with multiple tenants and varying employee work forces. The following report presents a recommended Transportation Systems Manage- ment (TSM) Plan for Contra Costa Centre. The Plan.is based on meeting a trip reduction goal of less than 70 percent of on-site employees commuting via single .occupant automobiles. This, implies that 30 percent would use one of several alternative modes, including carpools of two or more persons, vanpools, walking, bicycling and public transit. It should be noted that just two persons travelling . together to work reduces parking demand by 50 percent and mitigates traffic intersection congestion. Two-person carpools are a significant contribution in suburban TSM applications. Transportation Systems Management is a relatively new and somewhat subjective science, because potential TSM solutions must influence both tangible and Less tangible factors used by employees selecting their commute mode. In the view of j" most employees, the commute preference is the personal automobile. Many such employees are unlikely to switch to another mode unless the relative attractive- ness of personal auto use is diminished, and alternative transport modes are made available. Recognizing that TSM is an active process of modifying traditional habits of commuting employees, the recommended plan is multi-faceted, requiring a full- time manager to implement plan recommendations, manage the ongoing TSM -° program, and control the costs of TSM activities on behalf of the Association. _ Given the likely characteristics of Contra Costa Centre employees, much of the manager's focus should be directed towards the promotion of ridesharing among 4 Contra Costa County residents, and use of BART by employees living in urbanized Alameda and San Francisco.Counties. If employees are to be encouraged to come to work without their personal cars, an alternative means of local travel must respond to the mid-day transportation needs of employees. Therefore, the recommended plan includes provision for a mid-day bus shuttle connecting the Contra Costa Centre to major retail facilities, most likely in downtown Walnut Creek. Controlled access parking and parking user charges are powerful devices for diminishing the relative attractiveness of the personal auto. Parking fees may be used to discourage single occupant autos, but at the some time encourage the formation of carpools and vanpools, through fee discounts- for multi-occupant vehicles. Accordingly, these concepts are incorporated into the recommended plan. A minimum monthly charge of $30 for all parking, except visitor parking, is ,. suggested. P85171-0-1 0 J DKS Associates TSM PLAN CONCEPTS The TSM Ian is unlike) to remain static but will evolve as external conditions P Y � contributing to workers' commute decisions change, and in response to initial r„ impacts of the TSM plan elements. Nevertheless, the Contra Costa Centre Association has adopted eight plan concepts as the basis for the recommended plan, and to guide future plan changes as the need arises. I. Evolutionary Plan with Multiple Solutions a It is unlikely that any one element of a TSM plan will achieve the total auto trip ' reduction desired. A successful TSM plan will include many elements, each con- tributing some percentage to the trip reduction goal, and each directed at a specific "market" of employees. The plan incorporates various elements which are partially interdependent. Additional elements are provided to be implemented }' over time to help to continue to meet the TSM goal, as required. 2. Product Orientation k^ Recognizing that commuters decide how they will get to work using both objective and subjective criteria, TSM plan elements are designed to be attractive relative to the solo auto trip. The Association Plan considers both incentives and disincen- tives which will reduce the relative attractiveness of solo auto commuting. TSM plan elements will receive an appropriate level of marketing and promotion, based �,, on anticipated market impacts and implementation costs. _ . 3. Strong Management Since a substantial expenditure of funds is required to support and monitor TSM aa activities, the Association will maintain an aggressive role in the management of 99 9 the plan, including implementation of plan elements. An internal organizational structure, consisting of employer or building coordinators supporting the Association's TSM Manager is provided. 4. Early Employee Contact Alternative commute opportunities will be presented to new employees within the shortest possible time after they begin working at Contra Costa Centre. New employees are likely to be most receptive to an alternative commute mode. 5. Transportation Infrastructure C To convince employees to come to work without their personal cars, the mid-day and afterwork travel needs of employees will be provided for. A bus shuttle operating between 11:00 AM and 2:00 PM on 10-minute. service frequencies, will be operated. - 2 - 1r.94- ®SCS Associates i t 6. Leverage External Financial Assistance The substantial collective purchasing power of Contra Costa Centre employees and businesses will be used to leverage financial assistance from the numerous future beneficiaries who will compete for retail trade, and from neighboring cities a which will benefit from sales taxes collected. 7. Funding Equity The initial cost of the TSM Plan will be distributed equitably among developers, employers, and employees, as determined by the Association. 8. Self-sustaining Program The cost to the Association of maintaining an active TSM program at Contra Costa Centre beyond the startup period should decline over time. A goal for the TSM program is to eventually be self-sustaining, fully supported by user fees and leveraged contributions. w y - 3 - DIKS Associates c' RECOMMENDED TSM PLAN I. Integration with Local Residential Community Description (A) Sidewalks, bike lanes, bike racks, employee lockers, and information concerning alternative modes available during inclement weather months. (B) Notification process through which employees are advised of housing availability in the immediate area, and area residents are advised of employment opportunities at Contra Costa Centre. An information display listing housing located within a 10-minute (1/2 mile) walk of Contra Costa Centre will be updated regularly. Job availability at the Centre will be posted such that access to local residents is easily provided. Cost Low capital cost if facilities are installed with site develop- ment. Minimal operating cost. Market Short-distance commuters, typically less Athan six miles one-way; potentially including Concord, Pleasant Hill and Walnut Creek ' residents. Impact Estimated 2-3 percent of employee trips. At Lawrence Livermore Labs, almost 15 percent of the 7,000 person workforce commute by bicycle. This represents a uniquely successful bicycle program.• More typically, commuters using bicycles or walking account for about 2 percent of all commute trips. Among the over. 2,500 AT&T employees at Hacienda Business Park, for example, 0.6 percent biked and 0.4 percent walked to work as of July; 1985. 2. Parking Management Description (A) Controlled access to all parking in each building. (B) Parking user fees of at least $30 per month per parking space for single occupant autos. (C) Preferential parking space and discount fees for van and carpoolers. Parking charges for two-person carpools will be discounted by 50 percent of the solo occupant auto rate. Free parking will be provided for carpools of three or more persons, and for vanpools. Carpool and vanpool parking spaces will .be situated in "preferred" locations near building entrances and elevator cores. Vehicle pool parking will be administered by the management of each -4 - � . L PKS Associates i r building. It is estimated that up to 500 spaces will be needed to accommodate vehicle pools. This represents about 9 percent of total parking supply. Cost Low capital cost associated with signing and striping preferred parking .spaces. Operating costs associated with controlled access and enforcement are offset by user charges. The most ' significant operating cost is the loss of parking revenue due to discounts provided to vehicle pools. Market User charges for parking affect all auto commuters, and their q choice of commute mode. Preferential parking is a supportive incentive to van and carpoolers. Impact Controlled access parking is the most effective way to meter the r distribution of limited parking supply. User fees are used to discourage single occupant auto commutation and encourage ridesharing. Preferential parking is not highly effective indepen- dent of ther activities. However, when used in conjunction with a van and carpooling program, preferential parking offers a ,.� subjective incentive to pooling commuters. 3. Car and Vanpools �'- Description (A) Encourage the formation of vehicle pools having a minimum of two g persons, including the driver. (B) Provide computer generated ridesharing matchlists. (C) Facilitate interaction of employees with similar start-quit times , by sponsoring informal meetings during business 1 hours for ridesharing purposes. (D) Provide ongoing promotion, and monitoring. . Cost The capital and operating costs for commute vehicles are typically borne by the users, although the formation of vanpools r. could be stimulated by capital subsidy, if pooling among Contra Costa Centre employees does not meet expectations. For the h moment, the principal cost associated with vehicle pools will be in staff time required to facilitate their formation. Bishop Park ! and Hacienda Park contract with Rides for Bay Area Commuters (RIDES) Inc. to assist Association staff with car and vanpool formation. RIDES offers computer matchlist capability and processes applications for ridesharing at no cost to the applicant or employer. Additonally, RIDES offers specific fee-based services; for example, a coordinator to oversee the pooling effort and train employee coordinators; design of employer-specific - 5 - DKS Associates 1:l outreach efforts to increase the number of, pooling employees; analysis and evaluation of TSM progress. During the initial 1 period of TSM plan development at Contra Costa Centre, all activities except matchlist generation will be performed by the Association Manger. Matchlists will be provided through t RIDES. Market Carpools will most likely be formed by persons residing from 2 to 25 miles away from Contra Costa Centre, including all of Contra Costa and Alameda Counties, and portions of neighboring counties. Vanpools are more likely to form among employees commuting from at least 20 miles away. Pooling employees should have reasonably constant start-quit times. r Impact Estimated 20-25 percent reduction in total employee trips. Car-. pooling, defined as a minimum of two persons per vehicle, and supported by preferential parking, is regarded to be the single most successful TSM program at Hacienda Business Park. AT&T reported a total of 671.employees, or 26.5 percent of the work- force carpooling, as of July 1985. The smaller workforces and multi-tenant buildings at Contra Costa Centre may produce in a somewhat lower incidence of pooling. The Clorox Technical Center reported that 86.employees, or 23 percent of its 370 employee workforce on Johnson Drive in Pleasanton carpooled as of July 1985. Farmers Insurance Company, located on the periphery of the Stoneridge Mall in Pleasanton,reported that 87 employees, or 17 percent of a its over 500 employee workforce carpooled as of August 1985. 4. Public Transit Description (A) Distribute BART and CCCTA timetables, CCCTA transit trip planning brochures and sell transit passes on-site at a centrally-located transportation store. `-' (B) Request improved service frequencies on CCCTA's local _; . routes operating to the Pleasant Hili BART station. (C) Encourage BART and CCCTA to . provide discounts to Contra Costa Centre employees utilizing excess capacity on these transit systems. Cost Minimal cost is associated with distribution of transit informa- tion, timetables, and trip planning brochures. Bishop Park and Hacienda Park provide such information in the transportation store. Several Silicon Valley employers including ROLM and Hewlett Packard individually sell transit passes on-site as a i convenience to their employees. r DKS Associates -'J f- Market Due to the proximity of Contra Costa Centre to the BART station at Pleasant Hill, public transit could prove attractive to more workers here than at other suburban office parks. San Francisco, Oakland, and Berkeley residents have a greater nj propensity to use transit than their suburban counterparts, and there is substantial reverse direction capacity available on the x BART line to Concord. The availability of BART without a suburban bus connection at the destination reduces overall transit travel times, making a transit commute more competitive with auto travel times from San Francisco and parts of the Easi rq Bay Impact Estimated 7-10 percent of total Contra Costa Centre employee commute trips. Surface bus transit has contributed approxi- mately 2-3 percent trip reductions for similar suburban office developments in Orange and Santa Clara Counties. The direct availability of BART could add an additional 5-7 percent, de- pending on the distribution of employee residences. 5. Bus Shuttle Description Provide mid-day bus shuttle service for employee's convenience N during lunch hours. A minimum 10-minute service frequency will be provided between the hours of '1 1:00 AM and 2:00 PM. If the shuttle can be integrated with the new CCCTA Route 104 (Main Street) operating between Walnut Creek's Golden Triangle and _J Broadway Plaza, logically the route could to icall be extended via Main Street and Treat Boulevard, then circulate through Contra Costa Centre. If an independent shuttle is required, the recommended U`� route is as follows: s From Contra Costa Centre, via Oak Road, Civic Drive, left onto South Broadway, right onto Mt. Diablo Boulevard, right onto Locust Street, right onto Civic Drive, continuing via Oak. Road to Contra Costa Centre. i The bus loading area at the BART Station entrance will ` serve as a central boarding area for the Centre. i= This route requires three vehicles to provide a 10-minute service frequency. Bus stops should be located within the Centre and in the downtown area. jj Cost As indicated above, shuttle service may be operated through CCCTA, directly,, or under contract through a private carrier. The cost of a three bus shuttle providing 10 minute service frequencies to downtown Walnut Creek or Pleasant Hill between 11:00 AM and 2:00 PM would be approximately $350 per day (including vehicles), or, up to $90,000 annually, if operated under 1.3 - 7 - ;: ®KS Associates contract with a private carrier. At least 25 percent of this cost 1 would be solicited from area merchants benefitting from the shuttle service. No fares would be collected. The cost of contracting for service through CCCTA could be y lower, depending on whether mid-day shuttle service to the Centre can be incorporated into the new Route 104 Main Street shuttle, co-sponsored by the City of Walnut Creek and CCCTA. The Association Manager should initiate discussions with CCCTA to determine the cost of this service, if this is an option. Regardless of operator, a portion of the cost of the shuttle may Al be provided through cooperative agreements with retail mer- chants. For example, Bishop Park has a commitment from area merchants to contribute 25 percent of the operating cost for the midday shuttle recently initiated by Sunset Development Company. I< Market All employees at the Contra Costa Centre potentially benefit from the availability of shuttle service. .Persons who commute using modes other than the single occupant auto are the most ' immediate beneficiaries. Impact A 10 minute shuttle service would have sufficient capacity to transport up to 300 persons per hour. Given the traffic con- gestion and metered parking in downtown Walnut Creek, the, shuttle is likely to be well utilized. S6. Subscription Bus Description Facilitate the formation of peak period express bus trips serving groups of employees who ride regularly. Subscription buses (also called buspools, club buses) currently operate. to Bishop Park, into San Francisco from outlying areas as for east as Fairfield, and throughout Marin County under a large program sponsored by Golden Gate Transit. However, buspools are relatively difficult to form, due to their size (40 or more people). Typically, f buspools will be formed by employees who already vanpool from `- a specific geographic area. It is reasonable to expect that few employees will desire to establish buspools during the initial years of developing the Centre. The TSM' Manager will work with interested employees and service providers as the need yarises. Cost There are many examples of subscription bus services which . operate entirely on user fares. The cost of one bus trip during ` each peak period ranges from $250 to $400 per day, depending on type " of . equipment and distance travelled. Divided among = . - 8 - ®SCS Associates 40 riders, roun&trip transportation ranges from $6.25 to $10 per ay. Market Subscription bus pools are most likely to form among employees with very long commute distances, and typically after carpools y and vanpools have been operating fora period of time. Impact Estimated 0-1 percent of employee commute trips. Bishop Park is the destination for 5 subscription buses per day. These formed :.� without financial assistance from Sunset Development Company, but are not fully occupied at present. It is not clear how long the service provider will continue to operate these trips below capacity. 7. On-Site Support Businesses Description (A) Attract service-oriented retail businesses, including banking, postal service, eating establishments, convenience groceries, pharmacy, cleaners, and a health club offering showers to members and non-members. The availability of commercially-provided showers will help y support bicycling to the Centre. At Such service need not be provided in each building, but rather a mix of stores should be located throughout the Centre. (B) A transportation store should be provided. �. Cost Transportation store office space and information telephone. Market All employees of Contra Costa Centre, plus neighboringresidents and employees. Impact Retail stores are both a convenience to employees and a way of reducing the number of external person trips, particularly if -= restaurant facilities are diverse and banks are reasonably well- represented. 'A - 9 - DKS Associates TSM PLAN MANAGEMENT The.Organization Major responsibility for plan implementation will rest with a TSM Manager employed by the Association. The Manager should be assisted by a number of TSM "coordinators who work for employers at the site and who are assigned to work with employees in an individual building or with a large employer. Even though there are only about 400 employees currently at the site, it is important that CCCA hire a TSM Manager during the near-term future to start i'ntiating new employers into the program as they arrive at the Centre. A part- time Manager will be sufficient until employment reaches.approximately 4,000. yx At bui•Ldout, with 8,000 employees on site, a clerk may be needed to assist a full- time-:Manager. There should be one TSM Coordinator for every 800 employees or one for each 'building, depending on the number and composition of tenants within each building. Their functions will require about two to four hours of work per week per Coordinator. The Manager will work with new employers to select appropriate staff members for this job. As "go-betweens" for the TSM Manager and _ employees, the coordinators will disseminate promotional materials prepared by the. Manager. As part of orientation they will provide detailed background and site-specific information about TSM to all new employees, and then direct them to the Manager and Transportation Store. The Coordinators through the Manager will provide for personalized car and vanPoof matching, by processing RIDES matchlist applications, and following-up �.' with employees who apply for a match list. Experience.has shown that many people who apply to RIDES lose their initial enthusiasm and do not actually start carpooling before they receive some additional encouragement, or go to an arranged meeting with others on their match lists. This TSM organization should not function in isolation. As described in the 1 Z4 following section, the TSM Manager will meet regularly with transportation ser- 4r vice I ,providers (BART and CCCTA), merchants associations, local governments, and obtain their assistance in implementing the plan and improving TSM services at the Centre. Management Functions Performed by TSM Manager 1. Information Dissemination and Marketing: A key function of the TSM Manager will be to provide information about the various alternatives to solo driving and their benefits. Information dissemination techniques that have proven successful and will be used at the Centre include: " - 10 - ®KS Associates o Posters to advertise. RIDES matching services, bicycle paths, and CCCTA and BART transit services. o Regular articles in company newsletters. These will be prepared and updated by the Manager, o Memos and flyers enclosed with paychecks. Brief announcements regarding TSM services will be prepared at least quarterly. o Conduct informal meetings between employees who are potential car and vanpool matches. The Manager will get them talking to each other over coffee and donuts to see if the people have compatibility as to their travel needs and personalities. o Display table or rack in reception areas or cafeterias showing transit routes and schedules. o Bulletin board showing residence locations of employees interested in car and vanpooling. o Bulletin boards displaying housing availability within walking distance ' of Contra Costa Centre and employment opportunities available at the =� Centre. These should be located in the Transportation Store. o Transportation "hot-line" number. The Manager will have.an informa- tion number for center employees to call with any questions con- cerning TSM programs. 2. Management Support: Top management support greatly enhances a TSM program's effectiveness. The TSM manager should therefore encourage employers to support the TSM program through top management policy support. 3. Orientation for New Employees: It is easier to influence commute travel = patterns among new employees. Orientation of all new employees will include a packet of information about transportation to the center and a meeting to discuss commute alternatives. 4. Coordination with other Institutions: The TSM Manager should stay well informed about local activities and ordinances and state legislation that could influence the program and its effectiveness, The Manager can.then disseminate information to the Association and also act as the Association's {� advocate with the community. Working with RIDES, BART, and CCCTA will also be important as the TSM Manager develops ideas about potential service improvements. Employees should be made aware of BART and CCCTA fare discounts for regular rides, of free "Trip Planner" service offered by CCCTA. Finally, meetings it - :;=s - DKSAssociates with TSM Managers at other employment centers should help keep the Association aware of TSM innovations and findings concerning their effectiveness. 5. Employee Surveys and Program Effectiveness Monitoring: The TSM Manager will monitor the program's effectiveness at regular intervals. The status of plan implementation, costs, and all TSM marketing activities should be identified and described in semi-annual progress reports to the County. The details of the TSM plan will be refined by the Manager after a survey of employees is performed. This survey will be performed when a building is - 25 percent occupied or for employers with 50 or more persons. Any employees coming in after that will also be surveyed. The employees will be surveyed asto the details of their commute times, current travel modes, propensity to carpool or vanpool, distances travelled, planned work schedules, and other details that will assist the Manager in focusing attention on TSM measures that. will attract the highest level of usage. Results of the survey will help determine whether emphasis should be placed j on shuttle buses, vanpooling, carpooling, subscription bus, bicycling or other . treatments. Surveys will be updated annually. 'The'overall TSM program will be updated after each survey to reflect changing employee residence locations and travel needs. 6. Transportation Store: The TSM Manager's office will operate as a transpor- tation store, where transit passes are sold, RIDES carpool matchlists are made available and transit. schedule information is provided. Employees at the center will be encouraged to visit the store during the day and the Manager should be accessible as much as possible. ;j . 7. Coordination with Building Managers The TSM Manager will coordinate with management of each building with regard to carpool and vanpool preferential parking. The TSM Manager will assure that these elements of the plan are uniformly applied throughout the Centre. ' ^ PLAN PHASING The basic plan elements will be implemented during the coming year. Table provides a summary of the elements of the plan, and additional elements which could be considered after an initial period of 24 months. These potential future elements would be used to strengthen the overall plan and help to achieve the trip reduction goal, if it is not being attained within that time. 4 Figure I provides an organizational structure to facilitate implementation phasing. The TSM Manager will coordinate activities with building managers, external agencies and service providers to implement the plan elements. - I2 ;} DKS Associates u :t Table I TSM PLAN PHASES Potential Future Y Recommended Plan Plan Elements 4 Management 1. TSM Manager and - full-time Manager at - clerk 4,000 employee level Coordinators - 10 Coordinators at F! 3 hours/week 2. Monitoring - count transit pass - questionnaire sales; bicycles and parking lot counts 3. Marketing - half-time Transporta- - full-time Transportation tion Store Store orientation packet - semi-annual transporta- J marketing materials tion fair with prize 4 drawings - informal meetings - audio-visual presentation pursuing a ridesharing _ for orientation theme marketing materials Plan Elements 1. Pedestrian and - encourage use Bicycle Improvements install bike racks local housing availability _mss information 2. Parking Management - preferential parking - discount parking for �r carpools and vanpools =' Parking .Charges ($30/month user fee) ($45/month user fee) 3. Car and Vanpools - RIDES matching with - vanpools capital cost 50% Coordinators Association funded } following-up - 13 - DIKS Associates 4. Public Transit - sell passes at discount - sell passes at additional rate provided_ by operators 25%discount provided j' by the Association 5. Bus Shuttle ID minute service - 7-I/2 minute service frequency mid-day frequency mid-day if capa- city is more than 75 percent used. 6. Subscription Bus - Facilitate formation - .Detailing subsidy during as requested start-up phase 7. On=site promotion - reduction in Tease cost Support Businesses for desired businesses. l - 14 - DKS Associates :y h� ii PLAN EFFECTIVENESS These measures should lead to at least 30 percent of the work force commuting by means other than solo driving, based on commute modes recently observed at similar locations. The selected measures will operate more effectively together than they would alone. It is estimated that promoting bicycling and walking and installing bike racks will lead to 2-3 percent of the work force using these modes. Twenty to 25 percent should carpool or vanpool, stimulated by the combined effects of parking management, promotional efforts, and matching A services. About 7-.10 percent should commute by transit, and less than I percent is likely to use a subscription bus. Together, these measures could account for ' 30 percent of all employee commute trips at Contra Costa Centre. •�k (3� !7 1,y 1 tii{{ l.�YS 3 Ii_J _J f r - 15 - A � r9 ?A EMPLOYERS ASSOCIATION STEERING COMMITTEE 'r ••• BUILDING MANAGERS • CITY AND COUNTY TRANSPORTATION 6.10 TRANSPORTATION I: OFFICIALS MANAGER SERVICE PROVIDERS OTHER TSM t MANAGERS C 0 TSM TSM TSM TSM TSM 17ECOORD. SM COORD, COORD, COORD, COORD. COORD. I LE h L� Figure 1 Contra Costa Centre -.` DKS Associates TSM ORGANIZATION w . . ' DKS Associates PLAN COST Table 2 summarizes the estimated yearly costs in 1985 dollars of the proposed plan. The total plan cost is approximately $242,800. 73 Table 2 YEARLY PLAN BUDGET ' Total Funding Costs Source TSM Manager $39,0001 Association TSM Coordinators 18,0002 Employers Bike racks 492003 Developers VD Discount parking for car and vanpoolers 98,1004 Developers Shuttle buses 6795005 Association Marketing materials 5,000 Association Transportation Store Office Space 109000 Association Transportation store hot-line 1` 000 Association TOTAL $2 a 1 Salary of $30,000 plus 30 percent or $9,000 for benefits. s:e 2 Ten Coordinators working a" total of 30 hours/week, or 75 percent of equivalent of one $24,000/year clerical employee's time including benefits. 3 120 bicycles stored. Capital cost is $35/rack. 4 Assumes that 25 percent of average 4,400 employees per year, over a ' 10-year build-out would carpool or vanpool. . Assume that 875 of pooling employees will be in 2-person carpools; remainder in 3 or more person r pools. Remaining 225-employees will be distributed among 60 vehicles. Two-person pools receive $180 annual discount; others receive $360 annual discount at $30/month rate. '= 5 _ Area merchants coven 25 percent of cost or $22,500 of total $90,000 cost. No fares collected. tom. - 17 -