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HomeMy WebLinkAboutMINUTES - 07211987 - T.3 ' 3 THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF CONTRA COSTA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA 1985 Uniform Building Code ) Adoption - Findings Justifying ) RESOLUTION NO. 87/442 Local Variances ) Pursuant to Government Code § 50022. 2, this Board intends to adopt the 1985 edition of the Uniform Building Code, with modifications, as the County' s building code. Health and Safety Code §§ 17958, 17958. 5 and 17958. 7 require that in adopting ordinances which make modifications or changes in the requirements contained in the State' s Building Standard Code and other regulations, adopted pursuant to Health and Safety Code § 17922, a determination must be made that said modifications or changes are reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological or topographical conditions . The modifications to the 1985 Uniform Building Code involve changes to the State' s Building Standards Code: specifically, those changes to UBC §§ 505(e) , 1807(g) , 2516(g) 4, 3202(b) , 3802(b) , 3802(c) , 3802(d) ; and the addition of §§ 1725 and 1726. The Chief of the Contra Costa County Fire Protection District has submitted proposed findings in a document entitled, "Contra Costa County, Finding of Need for Changes or Modifications in the State Building Standards Code Because of Local Conditions, " a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 1 . Exhibit 1 and the findings and conclusions therein are hereby ACCEPTED and ADOPTED by this Board, and Based on the facts, evidence and information in Exhibit 1, and all other facts ,. evidence and information before it, the Board hereby FINDS, pursuant to Health and Safety Code § 17958. 7, that the above-referenced modifications and changes are reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological and topographical conditions . Pursuant to Health and Safety Code § 17958. 7, the Chief of the Contra Costa County Fire Protection District is DIRECTED to send a certified copy of this resolution, with attachments , to the State Department of Housing and Community Development. PASSED on July 21 , 1987 by the Supervisors present. AYES: Supervisors Powers , Fanden , Schroder , Torlakson and McPeak NOES: None 1 hereby certify that this Is a true and correct copy of ABSENT: N o n e an action taken and entered on tho minutes.,,)t the Board of Supervisors on the date shown. ABSTAIN: None ATTESTED: JUL 21 W7 _ PHIL BATCHELOR, Cic-ik o1 :he Board of Supervisors and County Administrator cc : County Counsel Building Inspection $y Deputy Community Developement Public Horks `- CCC Fire Protection Dist. -_ State Dept. of Hsd. & Comm. Dev, via CCCFPD County Administrator RESOLUTION NO. 87/442 CONTRA COSTA COUNTY FINDING OF NEED FOR CHANGES OR MODIFICATIONS IN THE STATE BUILDING STANDARDS CODE BECAUSE OF LOCAL CONDITIONS I . Changes or Modifications Pursuant to Section 17958. of the State of California Health and Safety Code, the Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors, in its ordinance adopting and amending the 1985 Edition of the Uniform Building Code, changes or modifies certain provisions of the State Building Standards Code as it pertains to the regulation of buildings used for human habitation. Such changes or modifications are of Section 505(e) , 1807(g) , 2516 (g) 4, 3202(b) , 3802(b) , 3802(c) , 3802(d) ; and the addition of Section 1725 and 1726 of and to the 1985 Edition of the Uniform Building Code. (A copy of the text of such change or modifications is attached hereto as Exhibit "A" ) . II . Finding Pursuant to Sections 17958. 5 and 17958.7 of the State of California Health and Safety Code, the Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors finds that the above changes or modifications are needed and are reasonably necessary because of certain local climatic, geological and topographic conditions as described below which create situations which can and do result in extremely uncontrollable and contagious fire situations which can and do result in. excessive harm and danger to life and property in the County. III . Local Conditions The following local conditions make necessary the above changes or modifications in the Uniform Building Code and the State Building Standards Code in order to provide a reasonable degree of fire and life safety in this County. -2- A. Climatic 1. Precipitation and Relative Humidity (a) Conditions Precipitation ranges from 15 to 24 inches per year with an average of approximately 20 inches per year. Niftety-six percent falls during the months of October through April and four percent from May through September. This is a dry period of at least five months each year. Additionally, the area is subject to occasional drought - the last one occurring in 1978 . It has been predicted that more droughts may be expected locally in the future. Relative humidity remains in the middle range most of the time. It ranges from 45 to 65 percent during spring, summer, fall; and from 60 to 90 percent in the winter. It occasionally falls as low as 15 percent. (b) Impact Locally experienced dry periods cause extreme dryness of untreated wood shakes and shingles on buildings and non-irrigated grass, brush and weeds which are often near buildings with wood roofs and sidings. Such dryness causes these materials to ignite very readily and burn rapidly and intensely. Because of dryness, a rapidly burning grass fire or exterior building fire can quickly transfer to other buildings with dry shake or shingle exteriors by means of radiation or flying brands, sparks and embers. Where there are large and/or numerous buildings with untreated shake or shingle exteriors, a small fire can rapidly grow to a magnitude beyond the control capabilities of the fire departments, resulting in an excessive fire loss within the County. 2. Temperatures (a) Conditions Temperatures have been recorded as high as 114°F. Average summer highs are in the 90° range, with average maximums of 105°F. (b) Impact High temperatures cause rapid fatigue and heat exhaustion of firefighters, thereby reducing their effectiveness and ability to control large wildland fires which can endanger buildings, or large fires involving either interiors or exteriors of buildings. This limited ability results in large fire losses involving buildings with combustible exteriors or large interior spaces without adequate area separations or automatic fire protection systems. -3- Local high temperatures occasionally cause loss of electrical power in all or part of the County due to overloading from air conditioning equipment or ,other temperature-related stresses on the electrical utilities. Lack of electrical power in a large building involved in fire can result in loss of life and/or major damage to the building due to inoperative smoke management systems, elevators, emergency lighting, alarm systems, etc. Another impact from high temperatures is that combustible building materials and non-irrigated weeds, grass and brush are preheated, thus causing these materials to ignite more readily and burn more rapidly and intensely. Additionally, the atmosphere surrounding the materials being of a higher temperature reduces the effectiveness of the water being applied to the burning materials. This requires that more water be more effectively applied, which in turn requires more fire department resources in order to control a fire on a hot day. High temperatures directly contribute to the rapid growth of fires to an intensity and magnitude beyond the control capabilities of the fire departments. 3. Winds (a) Conditions Prevailing winds in the area are from the south or southwest in the mornings and from the north or northwest in the afternoons. However, winds are experienced from virtually every direction at one time or another. Velocities are generally in the 14 MPH to 23 MPH range, gusting to 25 to 35 MPH. Forty ( 40 ) MPH winds are experienced occasionally and winds up to 55 MPH have been registered locally. During the winter half of the year, strong, dry, gusty winds from the north move through the area for several days, creating extremely dry conditions. (b) Impact Winds such as those experienced locally can and do cause fires, both interior and exterior, to burn and spread rapidly. Fires involving non-irrigated weeds, grass and brush can grow to a magnitude and be fanned to an intensity beyond the control capabilities of the fire department very quickly, even by relatively moderate winds. When such fires are not controlled, they can extend to nearby buildings, particularly those with untreated wood shake or shingle roofs or exteriors. Local winds frequently cause damage to electrical transmission lines which then arc, spark and/or break. This can start fires on untreated wood shake or shingle roofs or in dry vegetation which can spread to nearby untreated wood shake or shingle exteriors. Additionally, when power lines are broken by winds, it can result in power .outages in large portions of the community. Lack of power in a large building involved in fire can result in loss of life and/or major damage to the building due to inoperative smoke management systems, elevators, emergency lighting, alarm systems, etc. -4- When interior building fires break open windows, winds can cause smoke and fire to quickly spread to other portions of the building via interior and exterior openings. An interior blowtorch effect can be created by wind when windows on more than one side of the building are open. When an interior fire ventilates through the roof of a building, regardless of the type of roof construction, sparks, embers and brands from the fire are carried by winds to other roofs and to dry weeds, .grass and brush,- thereby starting additional fires. When buildings are covered with untreated wood shakes or shingles, local wind conditions make them very susceptible to ignition by sparks, brands or embers from other fires and cause them to burn more rapidly and intensely. Burning buildings with wood shakes and shingles, in turn, give off more sparks, brands and embers to be carried by winds to yet other buildings. Winds of the type experienced locally also reduce the effectiveness of exterior water streams used by the fire department on fres involving large interior areas of buildings, fires which have vented through windows and roofs due to inadequate built-in fire protection and fires involving wood shake and shingle building exteriors. Local winds will continue to be a definite factor toward causing major fire losses to buildings not provided with fire resistive roof and siding materials and buildings with inadequately separated interior areas or lacking automatic fire protection systems. National statistics frequently cite wind conditions such as those experienced locally as a major factor where conflagrations have occurred. B. Geological 1 . Seismicity (a) Conditions Contra Costa County is located in Seismic Risk Zone 4, which is the worst earthquake area in the United States. Buildings and other structures in Zone 4 can experience major seismic damage. Contra Costa County is in close proximity to the San Andreas Fault and contains all or portions of the Hayward, Calaveras, Concord, Antioch, Mt. Diablo, and other lesser faults. A 4. 1 earthquake with its epicenter in Concord occurred in 1958 , and a 5. 4 earthquake with its epicenter also in Concord occurred in 1955. The Concord and Antioch faults have a potential for a Richter 6 earthquake and the Hayward and Calaveras faults have the potential for a Richter 7 earthquake. Minor tremblers from seismic activity are not uncommon in the area. -5- (b) Impact A -major earthquake could result in the cutting-off of response routes of fire companies by collapsing overpasses and bridges throughout the County. For example, in the central County area, an overpass collapse at Oak Grove Road and Minert Road would prevent Engine 10 and Truck 10 from responding to Concord. A collapse at the Willow Pass Road and freeway overpasses would prevent Engine 5, Engine 6, Truck 6 and Engine 9 from responding to parts of Concord. A collapse at Concord Boulevard and either of the freeways would prevent Engine 9, Engine 6 and Truck 6 from responding to parts of Concord. A collapse at Monument Boulevard and the freeway would prevent Engine 5 from responding to Concord. A collapse at Bancroft Road and Minert Road would prevent Engine 5, Engine 10 and Truck 10 from responding to Concord. A collapse at Solano Way and the freeway would prevent Engine 6, Truck 6 and Engine 9 from responding to parts of Concord. Therefore, a major earthquake could severely restrict the response of the fire departments and their capability for controlling fires involving buildings with wood shake shingle exteriors or with large interior areas not provided with automatic smoke and fire control systems. Earthquakes of the magnitude experienced locally can cause major damage to electrical transmission facilities which, in turn, cause power failures while at the same time starting fires throughout the County. The occurrence of multiple fires will quickly disperse existing fire department resources, thereby reducing and/or delaying their response to any given fire. Additionally, without electrical power, elevators , smoke management systems, lighting systems, alarm systems and other electrical equipment urgently needed for building evacuation and fire control in large buildings would be inoperative, thereby resulting in loss of life and/or major fire losses in such buildings. Even minor seismic activity has an adverse impact on fire protection. Any earth movement which causes buildings to move creates cracking and warping of area separation walls, smoke barriers, door frames, etc. , thereby negating the effectiveness of these structural elements which are intended to prevent fire and smoke from spreading within the building. In the event of fire, this creates fire and smoke control conditions of a magnitude beyond the capabilities of the fire department, thus resulting in major fire losses in large buildings. 2. Soils (a) Conditions The area is replete with various soils which are unstable; clay loam and alluvial fans being predominant. These soil conditions are moderately to severely prone to swelling and shrinking, are plastic and tend to liquify. -6- (b) Impact The swelling, shrinking, shifting and settling of local soils causes shifting and warping of buildings built upon them. As noted above, any earth movement which causes buildings to move creates cracking and warping of area separation walls, smoke barriers, door frames, etc. , thereby negating the effectiveness of structural elements intended to prevent fire and smoke from spreading within a building. A survey of the buildings in the central County area in September of 1984 disclosed twenty ( 20) different fire doors located in area separation walls which would not close due to warped door frames caused by building shift. In the event of fire, heat and smoke will quickly spread to other supposedly "separated" areas and create fire and smoke control conditions of a magnitude beyond the capabilities of fire departments, thus resulting in major fire losses. Additionally, the plastic and liquifying characteristics of the local soils often result in landslides in hilly and creekside areas which can obstruct roads used for response routes by the fire department in and to portions of Concord. Locations where this has been experienced are on Ygnacio Valley Road at Lime Ridge, Dam Road between E1 Sobrante and orinda, and Marsh Creek Road in the Clayton area. Such restriction of fire department response limits its capabilities in controlling fire involving buildings with untreated wood shakes and shingles or with large interior areas not provided with automatic smoke and fire control systems. Such restriction of capabilities can result in major fire losses in locations where buildings are covered with untreated wood shakes or shingles or in large buildings. C. Topographic I . Vegetation (a) . Conditions Highly combustible dry grass, weeds and brush are common in the hilly and open space areas adjacent to built-up locations six to eight months of each year. Many of these areas frequently experience wildland fires which threaten nearby buildings, particularly those with wood roofs or sidings. This condition can be found throughout the County, especially in those developed and developing areas of the County. (b) Impact Fire involving large areas of dry vegetation can quickly grow to a magnitude beyond the control capabilities of a fire department. Such fires give off sparks, embers and radiated heat which easily ignite untreated wood shakes and shingles on nearby buildings. When such a situation occurs, fire department resources are not adequate to prevent major fire losses in locations with such conditions. -7- 2. Surface Features (a) Conditions The arrangement and location of natural and man made surface features, including hills, creeks, canals, freeways, railways, housing tracts, commercial development, fire stations, streets and roads, combine to limit feasible response routes for fire department resources in and to County areas. (b) Impact The limited number of response routes and the lack of feasible alternate routes subject responding fire department units to significant delays in arriving at fires. As the community and environs continue to grow without compensating increases in traffic arterials, the traffic congestion problem becomes correspondingly worse. It is not uncommon for responding fire units to come to a complete standstill in traffic when responding on Treat Boulevard, Monument Boulevard, Willow Pass Road, Oak Grove Road, Clayton Road, Contra Costa Boulevard and Concord Avenue, when .responding to parts of the central County area .during various times of the day. These delays result in an insufficient number of fire department resources arriving sufficiently early to effectively control fires involving buildings with untreated wood shake and shingle exteriors or with large interior areas not having automatic fire protection systems. The result can be serious fire losses at such buildings. 3 . Buildings, Landscaping and Terrain (a) Conditions Many of the new large buildings and building complexes have building and landscaping features and designs which preclude or greatly limit any approach or operational access to them by fire department vehicles. There are many concentrations of houses and other buildings with untreated wood shake or shingle roofs or sidings in the County which are well within 20 feet of each other. There are many such buildings to which access to all but one side is made virtually impossible due to landscaping, fences, electrical transmission lines, slopes or other buildings. (b) Impact When fire department vehicles .cannot gain access to large buildings involved with fire, it becomes necessary to conduct all extinguishing and ventilating operations via the interior. It also requires that much equipment must be carried for long distances from fire vehicles to the fire location. Such operations quickly exhaust fire personnel both in numbers and in stamina. Access problems often result in severely delaying, -8- misdirecting or making impossible fire and smoke control efforts such as locating the seat of the fire, applying hose streams and locating and opening windows or roofs for ventilating. This results in extensive heat, smoke and water damage in much of the building not originally involved by the fire. When fire department access to buildings with burning wood shakes or shingles is precluded, the fires continue to spread both through the originally involved building, then to other buildings with similar exterior coverings. The combination of buildings with untreated wood shake or shingle exteriors located in close proximity to each other, and impeded access for the fire department, can readily result in multiple building fires and major fire losses. A recent example of .this occurred in May 1984 , in the "Crossings" housing tract in Concord, where one burning house with an untreated wood shake roof quickly involved the same kinds of roofs on three other nearby houses , resulting in major damage to two of the houses and minor damage to the others . 4 . Electrical Power Transmission Equipment (a) Conditions Above-ground electrical power transmission lines.suspended on poles and towers exist throughout the County. Many power line poles are located adjacent to streets and roads and many of the transmission wires are suspended above dry vegetation and above untreated wood shake or shingle roofs. These cables are also suspended above large areas of dry vegetation and above untreated wood shake or shingle roofs. Most of the electrical power provided within the County is supplied via above-ground facilities. (b) Impact Above-ground electrical power transmission lines are subject to damage from overloading, winds, trees, earthquakes and from collisions from motor vehicles and aircraft. When damaged, these facilities often start fires involving dry vegetation and/or untreated wood shakes or shingles from the resultant arcing and sparking. Not infrequently, such damage results in numerous fires being started simultaneously, thereby quickly dispersing available fire department forces. This in turn results in delayed and/or limited response by the fire department to any given fire, .thereby causing excessive fire damage due to limited fire department capacity. Damaged electrical lines often fall onto streets, thereby obstructing response routes from fire stations to fire locations, which again results in excessive fire damage due to limited and/or delayed response by the fire department. -9- Also, damage to electrical transmission lines frequently results in large areas of the community being without power for extended periods of time. Unless a large building involved with fire located in such a powerless area has its own emergency power source, essential equipment such as smoke management systems, elevators, lighting, alarm systems, etc. , become inoperative. Such a condition can result in major fire damages and possible loss of life. Additionally, the existence of above-ground electrical transmission poles and lines along streets and near buildings often result in partial to complete obstruction of exterior operations and access to the building by the fire department. This again limits the effectiveness and capabilities of the fire department in extensive fire losses. IV. Code Changes and Modifications The following changes and/or modifications to the 1985 Edition of the Uniform Building Code and the State Building Standards Code are found to be necessary to mitigate the above described impacts which are caused by the above described local climatic, geological and topographic conditions. A. Section 505(e) 1. Summary (a) Previous Provision This section allowed openings in area separation walls without regard to whether or not the building is provided with any automatic fire protection. Also, this section permitted an exception to the requirement that area separation walls be continued through the roof to a point at least thirty inches above the roof, provided that one-hour fire resistive construction is extended five feet horizontally on the underside of the roof. This again is without regard to whether or not the building is provided with automatic fire extinguishing or smoke control systems. (b) New Provision The change to this section requires that the building be provided with automatic fire extinguishing systems if openings are allowed in area separation walls, or if the area separation wall terminates at the underside of the roof. J -10- 2. Necessity (a) Impacts Addressed ( 1) Climatic Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to . limited fire and smoke control capabilities and effect- iveness of firefighters due to heat exhaustion and fatigue caused by high climatic temperatures. Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to faster, greater and more intense spread of smoke and fire through buildings and on roofs caused by winds. ( 2 ) Geological Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to limited fire and smoke control capabilities and effectiveness of fire departments due to limited forces and delayed arrivals caused by response routes being obstructed by earthquake and landslide damage. Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to failure of fire doors to stop fire from spreading through area separation walls due to warped door frames caused by building shifting on unstable soils. ( 3 ) Topographic Extensive fire damage and possible loss of -life due to limited fire and smoke control capabilities and effectiveness of fire departments due to limited forces and delayed arrivals caused by traffic congestion on inadequate and insufficient arterial streets. Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to limited fire and smoke control capabilities and effectiveness of the fire departments due to difficult and limited access to building roofs and exteriors caused by landscaping, proximity of other buildings, fences, electrical lines, slopes, etc. (b) Mitigation ( 1 ) Introduction It is the intent of area separation walls to limit the size of fires and the spread of smoke inside buildings and/or along roofs to a size which is theoretically manageable by the fire departments, or which is considered to be the maximum acceptable fire loss size. However, due to local conditions, openings in these walls do not close properly in the event of fire, thus allowing smoke and fire to -11- spread to other areas of the building through these openings. Also, due to local conditions, when fires extend to roofs they can readily spread to involve areas beyond the separation wall when the walls do not extend above the roof. - (2 ) Solution By requiring automatic fire extinguishing systems in areas where openings are allowed in separation walls and/or where,-. separation walls do not extend above the roof, the size and- intensity of fires in separated areas is controlled and contained to a degree where they will not spread through unclosed openings or to the roof above, and can be readily controlled even by limited and/or delayed firefighters. B. Sections 1725 , 1726 and 1807(8) 1 . Surc-nary (a) Previous Provision There was no provision for automatic smoke control or smoke management in large buildings, other than for atrium or high- rise buildings. (b) New Provision These sections will require the provision of automatic smoke management systems, protection of elevators and provision of standby emergency power in large buildings, and will clarify the intent of the fire department that smoke control in high-rise buildings be automatic and of a design proven to be effective in controlling smoke in sprinklered buildings. 2. Necessity (a) Impacts Addressed ( 1 ) Climatic Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to limited fire and smoke control capabilities and effectiveness of firefighters due to heat exhaustion and fatigue caused by high climatic temperatures. Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to faster, greater and more intense spread of smoke through buildings caused by winds. Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to lack of regular electrical power to operate smoke management systems, elevators, lighting systems, alarm systems, and -12- other equipment necessary for effective rescue and fire - control operations due to power failures caused by overloading the electrical utility facilities on hot days, or by damage to transmission lines caused by winds. ( 2 ) Geological Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to limited fire and smoke control capabilities and effectiveness of fire department due to limited forces and delayed arrivals caused by response routes being obstructed by earthquake and landslide damage. Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to failure of fire doors to stop smoke from spreading through area separation walls due to warped door frames caused by . buildings shifting on unstable soils. Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to limited effectiveness and capabilities of fire departments due to dispersal and/or delay of their resources caused by multiple fires resulting from earthquake damage to electrical transmission equipment. Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to inoperative smoke management systems , elevators, lighting systems, alarm systems, etc. , necessary for effective rescue and fire control operations, due to power failures caused by earthquake damage. ( 3 ) Topographic Extensive fire loss and possible loss of life due to limited smoke control capabilities and effectiveness of fire departments due to limited forces and delayed arrivals caused by traffic congestion or by obstruction from fallen power lines on inadequate and insufficient arterial streets. Extensive fire loss and possible loss of life due to ineffective rescue and fire control operations due to inoperative smoke management systems, elevators , lighting systems , alarm systems and other necessary electrical equipment due to power failure caused by electrical transmission equipment damaged by motor vehicles. Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to limited fire and smoke control capabilities and effectiveness of the fire department due to difficult and limited access to building roofs and exteriors caused by landscaping, proximity of other buildings, fences, slopes , above-ground electrical power lines, etc. -13- (b) Mitigation (1 ) Introduction The above described local conditions and their impacts on the timely arrival and physical stamina of firefighters and on electrically powered equipment and systems needed for rescue and control operations can create smoke filled areas and logistical and rescue problems within buildings which are beyond the capabilities of the fire department to manage - even when automatic extinguishing systems control the fire. Such conditions often delay locating the fire and means of ventilation due to complete visual obscuration. They force the use of stairways instead of elevators for evacuation of occupants and advance of firefighters and their equipment. The net result is major smoke and water damage, even with the fire being controlled. Additionally, elevators without hoistway protection become smoke filled and unusable as the smoke spreads. ( 2 ) Solution The provision of automatic smoke management systems and emergency electrical power and protection of elevator hoistway openings assures that smoke will be quickly and efficiently removed from the area of fire origin to the exterior of the building and will not spread to other parts of the building, including elevator hoistways. It also assures that all essential electrical equipment and systems will operate even in the event of outside power failure. This further assures that even limited and/or delayed fire department personnel can readily locate and control the fire and will not be exhausted attempting to control smoke throughout the building. C. Sections 2516 (8) 4 and 3202(b) 1. Summary (a) Previous Provision The code allowed the use of untreated wood shakes and shingles on the exterior walls and roofs of buildings without regard to size or height of buildings or exposure distances from other buildings. (b) New Provision The changes to these sections will limit the installation of untreated wood shakes and shingles on exterior wall sidings to locations where distances from property lines will not be less than 10 feet, and would limit all roofing -14- materials to a minimum Class "C" . This would require wood roofs to be pressure treated. 2. Necessity (a) Impacts Addressed (1 ) Climatic Extensive fire damage due to the ready ignition, intense burning and rapid spread of fire involving untreated wood shakes and shingles caused by dryness, high climatic temperatures and/or winds. Extensive fire damage due to the limited effectiveness and capabilities of the fire department to control exterior fires due to early exhaustion of firefighters subject to high climatic temperatures. Extensive fire damage due to the susceptibility of untreated wood shake or shingle building exteriors to ignition from other fires involving either nearby dry vegetation or other buildings, thereby resulting in multiple fires due to dryness, high temperatures and/or winds. Extensive fire damage due to the reduced effectiveness of hose streams due to disintegration and misdirection caused by winds . Extensive fire damage caused by the ready ignition of untreated wood shake or shingle roofs exposed to arcing and sparking of overhead electrical transmission lines caused by winds. ( 2 ) Geological Extensive fire damage due to limited effectiveness and capabilities of the fire department due to reduced and delayed response of fire companies on arterial routes obstructed by collapsed overpasses and/or landslides caused by earthquakes and/or unstable soils. Extensive fire damage due to limited and/or delayed response of fire department due to dispersal to multiple fires caused by electrical transmission equipment damaged by earthquake. ( 3 ) Topographic Extensive fire damage due to multiple fires involving untreated wood shake or shingle building exteriors ignited because of exposure to fires involving other buildings or dry vegetation within close proximity. -15- Extensive fire damage due to the limited effectiveness and capabilities of the fire department in controlling untreated wood shake or shingle fires due to reduced or delayed response of fire companies caused by traffic congestion or by obstruction from fallen electrical power lines on response route arterials. Extensive fire damage due to the inability of the fire department to gain sufficient access to fires involving untreated wood shake or shingle building exteriors, thereby precluding control of such fires due to terrain, slopes, landscaping, fences, electrical transmission lines and other buildings. (b) Mitigation ( 1 ) Introduction Currently, many buildings have wood shake or shingle roofs which ignite all too readily, which are too large for the fire department to control when burning, and/or are too high or remote for effective control due to limited fire department resources and access. Also, there are many buildings with untreated wood shake or shingle roofs and sidings which are too close together to prevent the spread of fire from nearby burning vegetation or other buildings. ( 2 ) Solution These sections will limit or eliminate proximity of buildings having untreated wood shakes or shingles to parameters which are more readily controllable by the fire department. There is less likelihood of major fires, multiple fires and conflagrations involving these building exteriors when pressure treated material is used for roofing and spacial separation is provided between exterior walls. D. Section 3802 (b) , (c) , and (d) 1 . Summary (a) Previous Provision Automatic fire extinguishing systems were not required for many large buildings when certain exterior wall openings were provided for "fire department access" regardless of the magnitude of floor areas. (b) New Provision This change requires that automatic fire extinguishing systems be provided when the total floor area exceeds -16- 10 ,000 square feet regardless of any openings in exterior walls. 1. Necessity (a) Impacts Addressed ( 1 ) Climatic Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to limited effectiveness and capabilities of firefighters due to fatigue and exhaustion caused by high climatic temperatures. . Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to rapid spread of smoke and fire through building interior and intense burning from blow torch effect caused by winds blowing through exterior openings. Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to reduced effectiveness of water streams directed to building interior from exterior due to- disintegration or misdirection of streams caused by winds. ( 2) Geological Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to limited effectiveness and capabilities of fire departments due to delayed and reduced response of forces caused by earthquake or landslide damage to response route arterials, or caused by dispersal of the fire department to multiple fires caused by electrical transmission lines damaged by earthquakes. Extensive fire and smoke damage due to ineffectiveness of area separations in confining fires due to warping and cracking caused by seismic activity and shifting of unstable soils. ( 3 ) Topographic Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to limited effectiveness and capabilities of the fire department due to delayed and reduced response of forces caused by traffic congestion on response route arterials. Extensive fire and smoke damage due to reduced effectiveness and capabilities of the fire department due to inadequate access to buildings caused by landscaping, slopes, above-ground electrical lines, other buildings, etc. -17- Extensive fire damage and possible loss of life due to prolonged and/or limited response of fire departments due to deployment of fire stations serving the County. ..; (b) Mitigation (1 ) Introduction -The above impacts from local conditions result in the likelihood that fires in areas of buildings of over- 10, 000 ver10, 000 square feet will exceed fire flow and operational capabilities of the fire department and will therefore not be effectively controlled by the fire department. In such cases, extensive damage to the building will occur from fire, smoke and water. Additionally, fire involving areas which overwhelm fire department resources can result in loss of life and/or severe injuries to the occupants of the building. ( 2 ) Solution The provision of automatic extinguishing systems in , buildings with areas over 10,000 square feet compensates for the limited fire department capabilities caused by heat exhaustion or limited or delayed responses. Additionally, such systems either extinguish or control fires to the extent that windows are not broken and winds have no impact on the fire, nor are ineffective area separations a problem as the fire cannot become large enough to test them. Fires occurring in buildings equipped with automatic extinguishing systems are quickly and efficiently controlled with an almost 100 percent performance record. Additionally, no life has ever been lost in a building so equipped except in rare situations where an occupant of the room of fire origin was asleep or unconscious to begin with. V. Summary The Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors finds that the above described local climatic, geological and topographic conditions cause or can cause situations which limit or reduce the effectiveness and capabilities of fire departments in controlling fires involving buildings used for human habitation, and that such local conditions also cause situations which increase the likelihood of ignition and rapid and intense burning and the likelihood of extensive smoke, heat and water damage occurring in such buildings. The Board further finds and declares that such situations result or can result in a degree of harm and danger to life and property in the County which is unacceptable. The Board further finds that the above described code changes and modifications are directly related to, and are reasonable necessary for, the mitigation and prevention of the adverse impacts and results caused by such local climatic, geological and topographic conditions. EXHIBIT "A" 1985 Uniform Building Code Section 505 Allowable Floor Areas Section 505 is amended by altering Subsection (e) and Subsection (e) 3 Exception 2 as follows: Subsection (e) Area Separation Walls. Each portion of a building separated by one or more area separation walls may be considered a separate building, provided the area separation walls contain no openings unless the building is protected throughout with an approved automatic fire extinguishing system, as specified in Chapter 38 and the walls meet the following: Subsection (e) 3 . Exception: 2. Two-hour area separation walls may terminate at the underside of the roo. sheathing, deck or slab in buildings protected throughout by an approved automatic fire extinguishing system as specified in Chapter 38 provided: SMOKE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Secy 1725. (a) Purpose. The requirements of this section are intended to establish basic requirements for controlling the movement of smoke within a building (smoke management system) . Additional requirements for high-rise buildings shall be as specified in Section 1807 of this Code. (b) Where Required. This section shall apply to all buildings housing A, B, E, I and R-1 occupancies which meet any of the following conditions: 1. Five ( 5) or more stories in height. 2 . Having occupied floors located more than 40 feet above the lowest level of Fire Department vehicle access. 3 . More than 35 ,000 square feet in any single floor area. Note: Area separation walls installed in accordance with Section 505(e) shall not qualify as creating separate floor areas when such walls contain openings. EXCEPTIONS: 1 . Open parking garages. 2. Aviation control towers. 3 . Single-story Group B, Divisions 2 and 4 occupancies provided with smoke and heat venting in accordance with Section 3206(a) . (c) HVAC Systems. Smoke management systems may be combined with other air handling systems provided that, upon activation, the smoke management functions override all other functions. Any air handling system which would interfere with activated smoke control systems shall automatically shut down or change operation to assist in smoke control upon such activation. (d) Design and Installation. ( 1 ) Every smoke management system shall be designed with zones which shall not exceed one ( 1) floor per zone. Upon activation, the system shall operate at 100 percent exhaust to the exterior from any zone of smoke generation and at 100 percent outside supply air to the zone of smoke generation and adjacent zones. Adjacent zones shall have return dampers closed. The zone of smoke generation shall be provided with not less than six ( 6 ) air changes per hour. ( 2 ) Operation of the smoke management system shall be initiated automatically upon the actuation of appropriately zoned automatic sprinkler flow indicators and/or smoke detectors. . Smoke detectors complying with the requirements of UBC Standard 43-6 shall be provided in accordance with Section 1009 of the Uniform Mechanical Code. -1- ( 3 ) Zone operation status indicators and manual controls capable of overriding the automatic controls shall be provided in a location approved- by the fire department. ( 4) Exhaust discharges and fresh air supply intakes shall be so located as to prevent the re-introduction of smoke into the building. ( 5). The location of required fire dampers or combination smoke/fire dampers shall be clearly indicated on plans. (6) Duct materials shall be capable of safely conveying heat, smoke and toxic gases, to withstand both positive and negative pressures which may be imposed during the smoke-control mode, and meet all the requirements of the Mechanical Code. STANDBY POWER, LIGHT AND EMERGENCY SYSTEMS Sec. 1726 . (A) An on-site standby power generation system conforming to U.B.C. Standard No. 18-1 shall be provided in all buildings requiring a smoke n-iajn.a.gement system as set forth in Section 1725 . The system shall be equipped with suitable means for automatically starting the generator set upon failure of the normal electrical supply systems and for automatic transfer of all functions required by this section at full power within 6U seconds of such service failure. System supervision with manual start and transfer features shall be provided at a location approved by the fire department. An on-premises fuel supply sufficient for not less than four ( 4) hours full demand operation of the systemshall. be provided. (b) The standby power generation system shall supply and be sized for the following: 1. Smoke management system. 2. Elevator car lighting. 3 . Required exitway lighting. 4 . Sprinkler alarm system. 5. Fire detection system. 6. Fire alarm system. (c) The above requirements may be modified when, in the opinion of the Fire Chief and with the concurrence of the Building Official, adequate building access as required by the Uniform Fire Code is provided. 1807 (g) Smoke Control. Smoke control shall be provided in accordance with Section 1725 of this Code. (Delete (g) as printed in the Code. ) -2- Proposed change to Exterior Shingle or Shake Wall Covering Requirements of the Uniform Building Code, 1985 Edition. Section 2516 (g) . 4 ; Exterior Wall Coverings - Shingles or Shakes. Section 2516(8) .4 is amended by adding a last paragraph as follows: When untreated wood shingles or shakes are used for exterior wall covering, there shall be a minimum of 10 feet from exterior wall to property line except for street fronts. 1 � PROPOSED CODE CHANGES TO RESTRICT WOOD SHAKES AND SHINGLES Proposed changes to Roof Covering Requirements of the Uniform Building Code, 1985 Edition. Section 3202 ; Roof Construction and Materials, Page 538 . Section 3202(b) is amended by altering Subsections 1, 2 & 3. Section 3202 (b) ; Fire Retardancy, When Required. Roof coverings shall be fire retardant except in Types III, IV, and V Buildings, where it may be as follows: 1. All R-3 and M occupancies may have Class C roof coverings which comply with UBC Standard No. 32-7 . 2. Group A, Division 3; Group B, Divisions 1 and 2 and Group R, Division 1 occupancies which are not more than two stories in height and have not more than 6,000 square feet .of projected roof area and there is a minimum of 10 feet from the extremity of the roof to the property line or assumed property line on all sides except for street fronts may have Class C roof coverings which comply with UBC Standard No. 32-7 . The fire rating of the roofing materials for re-roofing shall be not less than that required for new roofs for that occupancy classification. Skylights shall be constructed as required in Chapter 34. Penthouses shall be constructed as required in Chapter 36. For use of plastics in roofs, see Chapter 52. For attics, access and area, see Section 3205 . For roof drainage, see Section 3207 . For solar energy collectors located above or upon a roof, see Section 1714 . r 1985 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE Section 3802 Automatic Fire Extinguishing Systems Section 3802 is amended by adding to Subsection (b) 5, deleting Subsection (c) 3 and altering Subsection (d) as follows: Subsection (b) 5. All occupancies when the total floor area exceeds 10, 000 square feet. Exception: Group B, Division 3 , Open Parking Garage Buildings containing no other occupancies and where exterior walls containing openings are located not less than 20 feet from an adjacent property line or center line street or public space. Subsection (c) 3 . Exhibition and display rooms deleted. Subsection (d) . Group B, Division 2 occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in Group B, Division 2 occupancies more than three stories in height. In buildings used for high-piled combustible storage, fire protection shall be in accordance with the Fire Code. 1 ORDINANCE N0. 87-55 • (1985 Uniform Building Code Adopted) The Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors ordains as follows (omitting the parenthetical footnotes from the official text of the enacted or amended provisions of the County Ordinance Code) : SECTION I. SUMMARY. This ordinance amends Title 7 of the Ordinance Cade by adopting the 1985 Edition of the Uniform Building Code, as modified, as the County's building code. In particular, the Uniform Building Code is modified in the unincorporated area of the County by requiring fire-retardant roofing material to be used on most new residences and when re- roofing an existing residence. SECTION II. Section 72-6.004 of the County Ordinance Code is amended, to delete deferred permit fee payments and related security, to read.- 72-6.004 ead:72-6.004 Application Fees. For the purpose of this title and except as otherwise provided herein, required fees shall be paid with the submission of an application for filing of a request for any permit allowed by this title. No application may be filed and accepted as complete until all required fees have been paid. Any permit issued without the payment of all required fees shall be invalid and of no force and effect. (Ords. 87- 55 52, 74-32 51, 73-58 52, 67-70 52: prior code §7103: Ords. 13720 1014 55: See §§76-10.202 ff; 78-4.006, 710-4.010. ) SECTION III. Section 72-6.010 of the County Ordinance Code is - amended, allow for a longer period of inactivity before a permit becomes void, to read: 72-6.010 Expiration of permit. Every permit issued by the buildingnspector under this title becomes void if the building or work authorized is not begun within one hundred eighty days from the permit's date, or if itis suspended or abandoned for ninety continuous calendar days without excuse satisfying the building inspector as being beyond control and remedy by the permittee. Once a permit becomes void, a new permit shall be obtained before any work is commenced or recommenced, and the fee shall be one-half the amount required for a new permit for the work if no changes have been made or will be made in the original plans and specifications and if the suspension or abandonment has not exceeded one year. No permit shall be renewed more than once. (Ords. .87- 53, 80-14 53, 74-32 52, 71-32 51, 67-70 $3: prior code J7106: Ord. 1372 55H. ) SECTION IV. Section 74-1.002 of the County Ordinance Code is amended,`to adopt the 1985 edition of the Uniform Building Code, to read: 74-1.002 Adoption. (a) The building code of this county is the 1985 edition of the Uniform Building Code {including Appendix Chapters I, Divisions 1 and 2; 71 Divisions 1 and 2; 11; 12; 23; 38; 48; and 49) with the 1985 Uniform Building Code Standards, adopted by the International Conference of Building Officials. (b) This Uniform Code and Standards, with the changes, additions, and deletions set forth in this division, are adopted by this reference as though fully set forth herein. (c) At least one copy of this Uniform Code and Standards are now on file in the office of the clerk of the board; and the other requirements of Government Code Section 50022.6 have been and shall be complied with. (Ords. 87- 55 §4, 80-14 §5, 74-30 51. ) SECTION V. Article 74-3.1 of the County Ordinance Code is amended, to adopt the 1985 edition of the Uniform_ Building Code and to refer to UBC's §§ 2311 and 2312, to read: Article 74-3.1 General and UBC § 103 74-3.101 General. The 1985 Uniform Building Code adopted by reference�n Sectl n 74-1.002 shall be effective in this county with the changes, additions and deletions set forth in this chapter. Where indicated by the context, chapter and section numbers used in this chapter are those of the Uniform Building Code (UBC) . (Ords. 87- 55 §5, 80-14 §6, 74-30 51. ) 74-3.103 UBC Sec. 103, scope. Uniform Building Code Section 103 is amended, to change the first two paragraphs, to read: "The provisions of this Code apply to the construction, moving, demolition, repair and use of any building or structure within the county, except such activity located primarily in a public way, public utility towers and poles, and mechanical and process equipment not specifically regulated in this Code's Sections 2311 and 2312. "Additions, alterations, repairs and changes of use or occupancy in all buildings and structures shall comply with the provisions for new buildings and structures except as otherwise provided in this Code. "Where, in any specific case, different sections of the Code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall. govern. "Wherever in this Code reference is made to the Appendix, the provisions in the Appendix shall not apply unless specifically adopted." (Ords. 87- 55 §5, 74-30 51. ) SECTION VI. Section 74-3.305 of the County Ordinance Code is amended, to modify subsection (c) of UHC § 3021 to read: 74-3.305 UBC Sec. 302(c) , Information. Subsection (c) of UBC Section 302 is amended, to read: -2- ORDINANCE NO. 87-55 " (c) Information on Plans and Specifications. Plans and specifications shall be drawn to scale on substantial paper or cloth and shall be sufficiently clear to show in detail that it will conform to this code and all relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations. The first sheet of each set of plans shall give the house and street address of the work and the name and address of the owner and of the person who prepared the plans. Plans shall include a plot plan showing the location of the lot corners as established on the ground, the elevation of the top and toe of cuts and fills, and the location of the proposed building and of every existing building on the property. Instead of detailed specifications, the director of building inspection may approve references on the plans to a specific section or part of this code or other ordinances or laws." (Ords. 87-,,,^, S6, 84-14 57, 74-30 51. ) SECTION VII. Section 74-3.309 of the County Ordinance Code, is amended, to eliminate the table of fees, and to make other amendments to UBC § 304, to read: 74-3.309 UBC Sec. 304f Fees. (a) Subsection (a) of UBC Section 309 s amended, to read: " (a) General. Fees shall be assessed in accordance with the provisions of this section and as set forth in the schedules adopted by the Board. " , . (b) Subsection (b) of UBC Section 304 is amended, to read: "(b) Permit Fees. The fee for each permit shall be as set forth in schedules adopted by the Board of Supervisors. "The determination of value or valuation under any of the provisions of this code shall be made by the building official. The value to be used in computing the building permit and building plan review fees shall be the total of all construction work for which the permit is issued as well as all finish work, painting, roofing, electrical, plumbing, heating, air conditioning, elevators, fire-extinguishing systems and any other permanent equipment. " (c) Subsection (c) of UBC Section 304 is amended, to read: " (c) Plan Review Fees. When the valuation of the proposed construction exceeds $1,000 and a pian is required to be submitted by Section 302(b) , a plan review fee shall be paid to the Building Official at the time of submitting plans and specifications for checking. -3- ORDINANCE NO. 87-55 "Plan review fees shall be 658 of the building permit fees. "Where plans are incomplete, or changed so as to require an additional plan review, an additional plan review fee shall be charged by the director of. building inspection of $30.00 per hour with a minimum charge of one hour. " (d) Subsection (f) of UBC Section 304 is deleted. (e) Subsection (g) is added to UHC Section 304, to read: "(g) California Energy Commission Requirements, Title 24. An additional fee in the amount of 258 on the Building Permit Fee and 258 on the Plan Check Fee is imposed to insure compliance with the California Energy Commission Requirements outlined in Chapter 2-53 of Part 2 of Title 24 of the ifornia Administrative code. " (Ords. 87- §70 80-76 51, 80-14 §7, 76-15 §3. ) SECTION VIII . Section 74-3 . 311 of the County Ordinance Code is amen ed, to conform the amendment to the 1985 UBC, to read: 74-3.311 UHC Sec. 305(x) , Inspections. Subsection (a) of UBC Sect on 305 is amended to read: "(a) General. All construction or work for which a permit is required shall be subject to inspection by the Building Official, and certain types of construction shall have continuous inspection by special inspectors, as specified in Section 306. "At the time of first inspection by the Building Inspector; •property corners (including angle points) shall be identified with monuments in accordance with the legal description furnished with the application to build, sufficient to locate the proposed structure in relation to the lot lines, except that this requirement shall not apply to minor alterations or repairs to existing structures not affecting the exterior limits thereof, and construction of accessory buildings or structures of a building permit value of less than $500. The plot plan required by Section 302(c) shall indicate the locations and identification of all property corner monuments. Property corner monuments shall consist of one of the following: " (1) Redwood hub not less than two inches square and twelve inches long. " (2) Galvanized iron pipe not less than one inch in diameter and thirty inches long filled with concrete. "Monuments shall be driven flush with the ground and tagged as required by the Land Surveyor Act (Business and Professions Code Section 8772) ." (Ords. 87- 55 58, 80-14 57, 74-30 51. ) -4- ORDINANCE NO. 87- 55 SECTION IX. Article 74-3.25 is added to the County Ordinance Code, to amend UBC § 2516, to require a minimum distance from exterior wall to property when untreated wood shingles or shakes are used, to read: Article 74-3.25 UBC Chapter 25 74-3.2501 UBC Sec. 2516(8) , Exterior Wall Coverings. Paragraph (4 ) of subsection (g) of UBC Section 2516 is amended, by adding a new paragraph at the end, as follows: "When untreated wood shingles or shakes are used for exterior wall covering, there shall be a minimum of 10 feet from the exterior wall to the property line on all sides except for the street. " (Ord. 87-55 §9. ) SECTION X. Section 74-3.2901 of the County Ordinance Code, amending the 1979 UBC § 2907(d) , is amended, to reflect its renumbering in the 1985 edition of the UBC, to read: 74-3.2901 UBC Sec. 2907(e) , Footings. Subsection (e) of UBC Section 2907 on Footings is amended to read: " (e) Footing Design. Except for special provisions of Section 2909 covering the design of piles, all portions of footings shall be designed in accordance with the structural provisions of this code and shall be designed to minimize differential settlement. "A minimum of two (2 ) one-half (1/2 ) inch steel reinforcing bars shall be provided in the continuous foundations of Group R and M occupancies. " (Ords. 87-55 §10, 80-14 §7, 74-30 §1. ) SECTION XI . Article 74-3. 32 is added to the County Ordinance Code, to amend UBC §3202, on fire retardancy requirements, to read: . Article 74-3.32 UBC Chapter 32 74-3.3201 UBC Sec. 3202(b) Fire Retardancy, When Required. Subsection (b) of UBC Section 3202 on "Fire Retardancy, When Required, ". is amended to read: " (b) Fire Retardancy, When. Required. Roof coverings shall be fire retardant except in Types III, IV and V buildings, where they may be as follows: "1. Class C roof coverings which comply with UBC Standard No. 32- 7 may be used on buildings of Group R, Division 3 or Group M Occupancies. "2. Class C roof coverings which comply with UBC Standard No. 32- 7 may be used on Group A, Division 3, -5- ORDINANCE NO. 87- 55 (7/21/87) Group B, Division 1 and 2, and Group R, Division 1 occupancies which are not more than two stories in height and have not more than 6, 000 square feet of projected roof area and there is a minimum of 10 feet from the extremity of the roof to the property line on all sides except for street fronts. "Skylights shall be constructed as required in Chapter 34. "Penthouses shall be constructed as required in Chapter 36. "For use of plastics in roofs, _ See Chapter 52 . "For attics, access and area, see Section 3205. For roof drainage, see Section 3207 . "For solar energy collectors located above or upon a roof, see Section 1714. " (Ord. 87- 55 §11. ) 74-3.3203 UBC Sec. 3202(d) , Re-roofing. Subsection (d) is added to UBC Section 3202, to read: " (d) Re-roofings. The fire ratings of roof coverings for re-roofings shall be not less than that required for new roofs for that occupancy classification. " (Ord. 87-55 §11. ) SECTION XII . Article 74-3.38 of the County Ordinance Code, consisting of amendments to UBC Chapter 38, is amended in its entirety, to conform the amendments to the 1985 edition of the UBC, to read: ARTICLE 74-3.38 UBC Chapter 38 74-3.3801 UBC Sec. 3802(d) , Automatic Sprinkler Systems. Subsection (d) of UBC Section 3802 is amended to read: " (d) Group B, Division 2 Occupancies. .An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in Group B, Division 2 Occupancies with a floor area .exceeding 12,000 square feet on any floor or 24,000 square feet on all floors. " (Ords. 87-55 §12, 80-14 §7, 74-30 §1. ) SECTION XIII . Section 74-6.002 of the County Ordinance Code is repealed. SECTION XIV. The adoption of this ordinance, and in particular, Section VII hereof, does not affect the schedule of fees adopted by the Board in its Resolution No. 82/743. The fees in said Resolution are intended to continue in full force and effect. -6- ORDINANCE NO. 87- 55 (7-21-87) 1 SECTION XV. EFFECTIVE DATE. This ordinance becomes effective 30 days after passage, and within 15 days after passage shall be published once with the names of supervisors voting for and against it in the Contra Costa Times, a newspaper published in this County. 1987 PASSED and ADOPTED on July 21 , , by the following vote: AYES: Supervisors Powers , Fanden, Schroder , Torlakson, McPeak. NOES: None. ABSENT: None, ABSTAIN: None . ATTEST: Phil Batchelor, Clerk of the Board of Supervisors and County Administrator By: C. •�i� Deputy Chair of the Board [SEAL] LTF:df (7/21/87) -7- ORDINANCE NO. 87-55